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关键词： 水处理   环境工程   膜分离技术  

摘要： 膜分离技术即利用膜两侧的推动力分离不同组别液体中离子的技术.在水处理环境工程中,待处理的废水含有大量杂质,例如无机盐、有机物、微生物和细菌等污染物.这些物质的残留会阻碍水资源的可持续利用.相比臭氧氧化技术、蒸馏分离技术等其他技术,膜分离技术具有较大优势,它拥有操作简单、分离效果明显等特点.膜分离技术趋于成熟,目前已应用于众多领域.总之,膜分离技术的应用将会有效推动水处理环境工程的发展.

关键词： 水利工程   管养分离   问题   对策  

摘要： 水利工程是我国基础建设中非常重要的一项工程,它对于我国农村农业的发展以及城市建设来说都是非常关键的。而水利工程中管养分离对于水利工程的运行维护工作是有很大推动作用的,可以更好地保证水利工程的正常运行,使其更好地服务于社会。但是我国当前水利工程管养分离中存在各式各样的问题。本文针对水利工程管养分离中存在的问题及对策进行深入探究,以期可以为水利工程管养分离工作的开展提供有效参考。

关键词： benchmark test functions   Harris hawks optimization   meta‐   heuristics search algorithm   multidisciplinary engineering design optimization  

摘要： Recently established Harris hawks optimization (HHO) has natural behavior for finding an optimum solution in global search space without getting trapped in previous convergence. However, the exploitation phase of the current Harris hawks optimizer algorithm is poor. In the present research, an improved version of the HHO algorithm, which combines Harris hawks optimizer with Canis lupus inspire grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and named as hHHO-GWO algorithm, has been proposed to find the solution of various optimization problems such as nonlinear, nonconvex, and highly constrained engineering design problem. In the proposed research, the phase of exploration and exploitation of the existing HHO algorithm has been further improved using GWO algorithm and its performance has been tested for various benchmarks problems including CEC2005 (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed dimensions functions), multimodal functions with variable dimensions, and CEC-BC-2017 test functions. Further, the developed hybrid optimizer has been tested for 11 different engineering design and optimization problems and experimental results of hHHO-GWO have been compared with other optimizer.

关键词： Lipids   Absorption   Nanoparticles   Two dimensional materials   Hydrophobicity  

摘要： Sponge-based materials have recently gained much attention in the field of oil/water separation due to their easy fabrication, recyclability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Commercial sponges such as melamine sponge, polyurethane sponge, graphene-based sponge, and cellulose sponge have large surface area and high absorption capability, but they are hydrophilic/oleophilic (absorb both oil and water) in nature, which makes them not applicable in oil/water separation. To make them applicable in oil/water separation, the sponges have been modified with low surface energy materials and nano/micro hierarchical roughness, hence changing their wettability to superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity (absorb oil and repel water). These materials include organosilicons, carbon-based materials, oxides, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) among others. We summarized the modifying materials for the fabrication of superhydrophobic/superoleophilic sponges used in oil/water separation even under harsh conditions such as pH-universal, high temperature, and so on. Furthermore, ideas for future application of the coating sponge materials in the field are discussed.

关键词： C2H6/C2H4 separation   carboxylic acids   metal–organic frameworks   nanostructures   materials chemistry  

摘要： Herein, a dynamic spacer installation (DSI) strategy has been implemented to construct a series of multifunctional metal—organic frameworks (MOFs), LIFM-61/31/62/63, with optimized pore space and pore environment for ethane/ethylene separation. In this respect, a series of linear dicarboxylic acids were deliberately installed in the prototype MOF, LIFM-28, leading to a dramatically increased pore volume (from 0.41 to 0.82 cm 3 g −1 ) and reduced pore size (from 11.1×11.1 Å 2 to 5.6×5.6 Å 2 ). The increased pore volume endows the multifunctional MOFs with much higher ethane adsorption capacity, especially for LIFM-63 (4.8 mmol g −1 ), representing nearly three times as much ethane as the prototypical counterpart (1.7 mmol g −1 ) at 273 K and 1 bar. Meanwhile, the reduced pore size imparts enhanced ethane/ethylene selectivity of the multifunctional MOFs. Theoretical calculations and dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm that the DSI is a promising approach for the rational design of multifunctional MOFs for this challenging task.

关键词： 生物分离工程   教学案例库   虚拟仿真技术   校企合作课题   创新能力培养  

摘要： 生物分离工程作为一门理论与实践相结合的专业课程,在生物工程专业的课程设置中处于桥梁和纽带地位,对专业人才的培养发挥着重要的作用。案例式教学对于提升生物分离工程的教学效果作用显著。目前,与生物分离工程课程相关的教学案例研究较少,而且教学评价体系不完整,缺乏具有代表性的案例,因此亟需建立本课程的教学案例库,发挥案例式教学在本课程教学中的作用。为了适应我国专业学位教育发展的客观需求,加强该课程的案例式教学改革,提升课程的实践教学效果,并进一步提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性,培养学生的应用型创新能力,教学团队通过引入生物分离领域的新技术、新发现、新工艺和校企合作课题或技术服务项目以及与研究生科研与实践创新计划相结合等方式构建并丰富了生物分离工程课程教学案例库,能够有效地激发学生的学习兴趣与探究欲望,开阔学生的思维视野,促进理论与实践的结合与转化,提高学生分析和解决实践问题的能力,培养学生的应用型创新能力和科研素养,具有重要的理论意义。

关键词： Additive manufacturing   Hot tearing   Segregation   High-entropy alloy   Thermodynamics  

摘要： One major hindrance that alloy design for additive manufacturing (AM) faces nowadays is hot tearing. Contrary to the previous works which either try to reduce solidification range or introduce grain refinement, the current work presents a new approach of employing segregation engineering to alter the residual stress states at the interdendritic and grain boundary regions and consequently prevent hot tearing. Here, in situ Al alloying is introduced into an existing hot-cracking susceptible high-entropy alloy CoCrFeNi. It is found that within a certain range of compositions, such as Al0.5CoCrFeNi, the hot crack density was drastically decreased. During the solidification of this specific alloy composition, Al is firstly ejected from the primary dendritic face-centred cubic (FCC) phase and segregates into the interdendritic regions. Spinodal decomposition then occurs in these Al-enriched regions to form the ordered B2 NiAl and disordered body-centred cubic (BCC) Cr phases. Due to the higher molar volume and lower homologous temperatures of these B2/BCC phases, the inherent residual strain is accommodated and transformed from a maximum 0.006 tensile strain in CoCrFeNi to a compressive strain of similar to 0.001 in Al0.5CoCrFeNi. It is believed that this grain boundary segregation engineering method could provide a new pathway to systematically counteract the hot tearing problem in additive manufacturing of metals and alloys, using available thermodynamic and kinetic database information. (c) 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 餐厨垃圾   加热   温度   压力   固液分离  

摘要： 本文主要研究餐厨垃圾处理过程中,加热方式、温度、压力等参数对餐厨垃圾油相、水相、固相分离效果的影响。实验结果表明:加热设备蒸汽直喷加热的方式,固液分离固渣含水率降低5%~9%,提油率从2.76%提升到3.23%;加热装置物料温度70℃,固液分离设备压力为4bar,油相、水相及固相的分离效果更佳。

关键词： 房屋建筑   招标投标   市政基础设施工程   评标定标   招标人   建设项目招标   新疆维吾尔自治区   首要责任  

摘要： 新疆维吾尔自治区住房和城乡建设厅:《关于申请开展房屋建筑和市政基础设施工程建设项目招标“评定分离”试点工作的请示》(新建建〔2020〕25号)收悉。经研究,现函复如下:一、同意你区开展房屋建筑和市政基础设施工程建设项目招标“评定分离”试点工作。二、试点工作要以加强房屋建筑和市政基础设施工程招标投标监管为目标,以进一步落实招标人首要责任为切入点,引导招标人合理充分行使择优定标权,完善评标定标机制,实现招标投标过程规范透明、结果合法公正,构建统一开放、竞争有序的招标投标市场环境。

关键词： 工程教育认证   生物分离工程   教学改革  

摘要： 根据国际工程教育认证的要求,本文分析了《生物分离工程》课程教学工作中存在的问题,并从教学资源,教学内容,教学方法和考核方式四个方面对教学改革进行了探索和实践,为今后进一步提升教学效果提供了参考。