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关键词： 输气管道   管道工程   过滤分离设备   石油   石油勘探  

标准号: SY/T 6883-2012

摘要： 本标准规定了输气管道工程用过滤分离设备中旋风分离器、过滤分离器和气-液聚结分离器的设计、制造、检验和验收的基本要求。

关键词： 大豆分离蛋白   中性蛋白酶   改性   乳化性   冰淇淋  

摘要： 大豆分离蛋白含有丰富的蛋白质，具有较高的营养价值，而且它还具有许多重要的功能性质，这些性质使得大豆分离蛋白在食品中有较广泛的应用。加之由于大豆具有良好的价格优势及潜在的功能特性，对于大豆蛋白结构改造以及进一步提高功能性质的研究一直是国内外研究的热点。本课题以Bacillussubtilis基因为模板，采用基因工程技术构建产中性蛋白酶的菌株，通过其所产的中性蛋白酶对大豆分离蛋白进行改性，通过单因素及旋转组合试验设计原理对改性工艺进行优化，并将产品应用于冰淇淋中，测定其在冰淇淋中的最佳替代率。主要研究内容及结果如下： （1）试验以Bacillus subtilis基因组DNA为模板，根据nprE基因序列设计、合成引物，利用PCR技术扩增得到中性蛋白酶基因，克隆到载体pGM-T中进行酶切和测序鉴定，将鉴定正确的重组质粒进行酶切、连接，构建重组表达质粒pET-npr，将重组表达质粒pET-npr转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中，成功地构建产中性蛋白酶的菌株，并对重组菌进行诱导表达。通过测定所得中性蛋白酶的酶活，酶学活性为257.63U/mL。 （2）以大豆分离蛋白为原料，利用中性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白。采用单因素试验和中心组合实验设计，通过响应面分析pH、大豆分离蛋白质量分数、酶用量、反应温度、反应时间对大豆分离蛋白乳化性的影响，并优化酶解工艺参数。结果表明：大豆分离蛋白酶改性的最佳工艺条件为：pH为7.1、大豆分离蛋白质量分数为5.6%、酶用量为5000U/mL、反应温度为51℃、反应时间为117min，该条件下得到改性后大豆分离蛋白的乳化活性为1.390，乳化稳定性为135.67min。 （3）探讨未改性大豆分离蛋白和改性大豆分离蛋白部分替代奶粉对冰淇淋品质的影响。实验结果表明，当改性后大豆分离蛋白替代率为5%，冰淇淋的粘度，膨胀率和感官品质均达到最高，而融化率最低，此条件下制作冰淇淋最为优良。

关键词： 水泥搅拌桩   施工工艺   质量   措施   检验  

摘要： 随着经济的发展，我国公路建设飞速前进，同时在建设中存在大量的软土地基需进行处理，为此本文结合工作中实践经验，龙江工业路分离式立交工程设计为例，针对采用水泥深层搅拌桩进行软基处理的方法进行深入的分析及其研究，总结了水泥搅拌桩的施工质量检验方法及其措施，为同类型软基路段的软基处理具有一定的借鉴意义。

ISBN: (纸本)9787122129109

关键词： migrant women   inclusion   exclusion   photo elicitation   participatory research  

摘要： This article uses participatory photography to explore contradictory processes of inclusion and exclusion in contemporary Sweden. Our aim is to analyse the social relations that shape the kinds of places recently arrived migrant women experience as 'safe', as well as their everyday experiences of inclusion and exclusion. The use of photography - wherein the women choose how, when and where to shoot photos helps us highlight what otherwise would not be immediately evident with regard to the experience of such places. We argue that there are inclusive places in segregated spaces, and that issues of ethnic inclusion and exclusion are linked to ethnic hegemony and other relationships of power. Drawing on theories of relational space in general, and transgressive space in particular, we demonstrate that our informants' daily existence is simultaneously integrated and segregated, included and excluded, and that emancipatory processes that are already under way must be allowed to proceed if the social landscape of integration is to be an open and equal one.

关键词： 超临界二氧化碳   醇水溶液   膜分离   渗透扩散   微乳液  

摘要： 超临界流体萃取技术和膜分离技术是现代化工分离技术中倍受关注的新技术,将二者耦合有利于回收高压超临界流体、强化膜分离过程以及应用于超临界膜反应器等。目前,对于超临界流体在多孔膜内的渗透扩散机理研究并不多,因此,通过实验研究以及建立模型计算对此进行深入研究是非常有必要的。 (1)为了避免传统焙烧法产生的大裂纹缺陷,本文首先用超临界萃取的方法脱除模板剂制得MCM48复合膜。之后在温度40-100℃,压力1-12MPa条件下,考察二氧化碳在介孔膜(MCM48复合膜,有效分离层理论孔径2.6nm)和大孔膜(商业化陶瓷管膜,平均孔径50nm)内的渗透扩散行为。实验发现,虽然孔径差别较大,但是温度和压力对于二氧化碳在两种膜内的渗透扩散行为的影响极为相似。压力和温度对渗透通率都有显著的影响,在低压区域二氧化碳的渗透通率随压力成线性变化；随着压力增加,渗透通率的变化率增大,特别是在临界点附近的增加更加明显；在高压区随着压力的增加,渗透通率的变化不太显著,特别是在低温区,渗透通率随着压力的增加不再增加甚至有下降趋势。 (2)在实验的基础上,对二氧化碳在膜内的渗透扩散只考虑努森流和粘性流,忽略表面扩散的影响,建立理论模型对实验结果进行预测和拟合。由于二氧化碳在高压区粘度和密度会随温度压力发生变化,用P-R气体状态方程代替理想气体状态方程来建立理论模型,发现预测值在低压区与实验值吻合很好,但是在高压区都略高于实验值。这可能是由于膜参数和膜孔径的预测过程中只采用低压下的实验数据造成偏差；另外也有可能是由于二氧化碳在超临界区粘度和密度发生变化,导致渗透机理的改变。 (3)基于从发酵液中提取多元醇的研究背景,本文用超临界流体萃取法提取乙醇稀水溶液中的乙醇,初步实验之后耦合NaA膜进行分离,研究了回收高压二氧化碳的可行性.结果表明,在稳态连续操作条件下,萃取率会随着温度的增加而显著增加,在萃取时间为120min时,萃取率从35℃条件下的10.27%提升到了55℃条件下的19.99%。耦合膜分离后,随着操作时间的增加,分离因子会逐渐减少,但是随着温度的增加,分离因子会逐渐增加。另外尝试采用超临界二氧化碳微乳耦合膜分离1,3-PDO水溶液,实验结果表明采用增溶1,***的超临界二氧化碳微乳可以实现1,3-PDO水溶液的分离,并且可以通过耦合膜分离过程实现高压二氧化碳的回收。

ISBN: (纸本)9787122149664

关键词： product development projects   design structure matrix   DSM   discrete particle swarm optimisation   DPSO   design   bio-inspired   sequencing   projects  

摘要： The design structure matrix (DSM) has received considerable attention in literature as a tool that provides a compact and clear representation of activities and the relationships among these activities in product development projects. As much of the time and cost of such projects is attributable to its iterative nature, determining the optimal sequence of project activities for efficient execution becomes a necessity. This paper presents a discrete particle swarm optimisation (DPSO) algorithm that determines the optimal sequence of activities execution within a product development or a design project that minimises project total iterative time. Algorithm performance was compared with published results and outperformed used methods. It was also used to minimise three other objective functions: iterative time/cost, number of feedbacks and total feedback length.

关键词： Embryonic kidney   Reaggregates   Tissue engineering   Low-volume culture   Loop of Henle  

摘要： Background: Tissue engineering of functional kidney tissue is an important goal for clinical restoration of renal function in patients damaged by infectious, toxicological, or genetic disease. One promising approach is the use of the self-organizing abilities of embryonic kidney cells to arrange themselves, from a simply reaggregated cell suspension, into engineered organs similar to fetal kidneys. The previous state-of-the-art method for this results in the formation of a branched collecting duct tree, immature nephrons (S-shaped bodies) beside and connected to it, and supportive stroma. It does not, though, result in the significant formation of morphologically detectable loops of Henle - anatomical features of the nephron that are critical to physiological function. Methods: We have combined the best existing technique for renal tissue engineering from cell suspensions with a low-volume culture technique that allows intact kidney rudiments to make loops of Henle to test whether engineered kidneys can produce these loops. Results: The result is the formation of loops of Henle in engineered cultured 'fetal kidneys', very similar in both morphology and in number to those formed by intact organ rudiments. Conclusion: This brings the engineering technique one important step closer to production of a fully realistic organ. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

关键词： 分离-化工过程-高等学校-教材  

摘要： 本书是化工专业必修课的配套教材，分离工程是化工过程的重要组成部分。本教材延续了化工原理的基本内容，注重化工过程的实际应用，剖析典型分离过程的实例。内容侧重石油化工、基本有机化工过程的分离工程要求编写。