关键词：
alternative power engineering
fuel cells
nanocomposite electrodes
porous silicon
carbon nanotubes
watt-ampere characteristics
摘要：
Modern process methods and approaches to production of useful electrode materials make it possible to design alternative power sources, in particular, fuel cells with high specific characteristics. Owing to their unique properties, carbon nanotubes and porous silicon are the most promising materials for developing micropower current sources. Substrates based on porous silicon have high corrosion and mechanical resistance, and they also feature a large pore surface area. Hence, the search for the best composition of matrix carriers with a large active surface and modifier metals with their minimum load is becoming an urgent process problem in power and electronic engineering. The use of metal nanoparticles in a catalyst can increase the catalytic activity in electrochemical reactions occurring in fuel cells and their corrosion resistance. Investigations into electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen and formic acid in fuel cells seem to be the most important for practice due to a wide application range of these types of fuels. This work deals with the formation of nanocomposite electrodes with nanoparticles of platinum group metals for fuel cells to be used as self-contained micropower current sources in electronic engineering. A process is described for forming effective electrode materials based on nanotubes with nanoparticles of platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) for low-temperature self-contained power sources. Parameters of nanocomposite electrodes in matrix-carriers are investigated by the methods of atomic-force, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results from tests of formic acid-air and hydrogen-air fuel cell models are presented. The optimal loading of platinum group metals and dimensions of electrode nanocomposites giving maximum specific power and current density are found.
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中文科技期刊
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