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关键词： 一线教师   科学活动   幼儿园   行为   语式   应用   实践运用   探究式  

摘要： 本研究立足于幼儿园科学活动中教师言语式理答行为的类型,通过观察、分析、研究和归纳,总结整理出几种终止式言语理答和探究式言语理答,以具体事例给一线教师以提示和指导,便于更好地促进教师在科学活动中的实践运用。

关键词： 幼儿   教育整合   实践探究  

摘要： 近些年,我国教育行业不断进行深化改革,创新出多种教学模式,以促进学生身心全面发展,幼儿时期是人生长发育的关键时期,因此,在所有的改革方式中,针对幼儿园设定的教学改革措施最为健全,本便是将幼儿园的科学教育内容作为主体部分,实行整合课程的教学方略,并结合幼儿园的教学现状,将整合课程融入到实践课堂之中,以满足幼儿学生健康成长的需求。

关键词： 动画片   幼儿   科学启蒙   探索意识  

摘要： 培养幼儿对科学的探索意识,对幼儿以后的成长益处良多。越来越多的年轻父母意识到,在幼儿期可以培养孩子的科学意识。但幼儿科学意识的培养只靠说教显然是不行的,从幼儿感兴趣的动画片入手,培养难度就会降低很多。文章从动画片对幼儿科学启蒙的作用入手,探讨哪些类型动画片可以培养孩子在物理、化学、天文地理、生物等方面的科学意识,为幼儿园和家庭开展幼儿科学启蒙教育提供有效的教学参考。

关键词： 案例教学法   翻转课堂   儿科学   教学  

摘要： 目的研究翻转课堂联合案例教学法在临床儿科学教学中的应用效果。方法选取广东省连州卫生学校2017年9月~2018年1月的80例农村医学专业学生作为研究对象,按照班级分为对照组(40例)与观察组(40例),对照组采用传统教学法,观察组采用翻转课堂联合案例教学法。比较两组的考试成绩、问卷调查结果。结果观察组学生的理论知识、技能操作、护理礼仪、宣教能力、沟通关怀能力以及总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组学生中喜欢这种教学模式的比例高于对照组,认为此种教学模式能够激发学习兴趣、增强技能熟练程度、提高分析问题及解决问题的能力、利于理论知识与实践技能的融合应用、提高团队协作意识的比例均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在临床儿科学教学中采用翻转课堂联合案例教学法有助于学生综合素质的提高,还可促进教学效果的提高。

关键词： 科学教育   科学探究   幼儿园教育  

摘要： 探究是幼儿学习现代科学的基本方法。探究能力的培养,幼儿不断地了解世界,了解身边发生的事和现象,让幼儿在不断的 摸索中成长。《幼儿园教育指导纲要》指出“要尽量创造条件让幼儿实际参加探究活动,使他们感受科学探究的过程和方法,体验发现的乐 趣。”科学教育是保护幼儿好奇心、认识兴趣和探究欲望的关键,是提高科学探究能力的保障。

关键词： IPNHLSS   staging system   NHL   paediatric   AIEOP LNH-97 protocol  

摘要： Keywords: IPNHLSS; staging system; NHL; paediatric; AIEOP LNH-97 protocol By contrast, the IPNHLSS classified an increased number of patients in stage III (252 vs. 218) and a decreased number of patients in stage II (118 vs. 131) and stage IV (36 vs. 57). In particular, the St. Jude stage II patients with LDH < 500 iu/l, who were shifted to IPNHLSS stage III (9/13 cases), remained in R2, while patients with high LDH levels (4/13 cases) were upgraded to R3. [Extracted from the article]

关键词： air enema   intussusception management   intussusception reduction   surgical simulation  

摘要： Background Intussusception is a common, potentially life-threatening paediatric condition. Non-operative treatment with an air enema has been established as the clinical gold standard. There is no validated model for the training of this procedure. Our aim was to produce a novel air enema reduction simulator and validate its use as a training tool. Methods A low-cost paediatric intussusception air enema simulator was created. It was designed to include essential key clinical procedural steps. Participants included both procedural experts and novices from the Departments of Paediatric Radiology and Surgery. The simulator was assessed for face and content validity and its physical, conceptual and experiential fidelity by a structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert's scale. Statistical analysis included a t-test, and a P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Twenty-four clinicians completed the simulation activity (expert: 13 and novices: 11). All experts had performed a minimum of 40 clinical procedures, and 46% had performed >50 procedures. All scores were favourable in all domains for face and content validity: 3.5 (physical appearance), 3.3 (insertion of the tube and taping), 3.1 (holding of the buttocks) and 3.5 (performing the air enema). The simulator also scored highly with fidelity assessment;visual 3.5, conceptual 3.4. There was no difference in procedural confidence with experts (3.8 versus 3.6, P = 0.28), but there was for novices (1.0 versus 2.9, P = 0.0002). Conclusions This low-cost air enema reduction simulator for intussusception has an excellent educational potential for use in a training program in a tertiary centre, as well as, resource-constrained environments.

关键词： Pineoblastomas   SEER   Epidemiology   Survival   Outcome  

摘要： Background Paediatric pineoblastomas are rare central nervous system tumours. Patient and treatment factors associated with outcome are poorly defined and limited to small retrospective case series and single case reports. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry, we investigated clinical and pathological factors associated with outcome in paediatric pineoblastomas. Paediatric patients (< 16 years old) with pineoblastomas diagnosed between 1990 and 2007 were identified from the SEER database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox models were used to examine the effect of variables on overall survival. The variables analysed included patient's age at diagnosis, gender, race, tumour spread and size, surgical resection and the use of adjuvant radiotherapy. Results Seventy-eight patients were identified from the database. Twelve patients were excluded as 11 had no surgery and one patient was excluded as the surgical status was unknown. Analysis of the remaining 66 patients revealed a median age at diagnosis of 5.5 years. Three patients underwent biopsy. Seventeen patients underwent full and partial resection, respectively. A further 46 patients underwent surgery the nature of which was not recorded. Thirty-nine patients (59.1%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. Eight patients (12.1%) had both surgery (full or partial resection) and radiotherapy. The median overall survival was 40.5 months. Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age at diagnosis was the only positive predictor of overall survival. Conclusion This study represents the largest analysis of paediatric pineoblastomas to date. The only clinically relevant prognostic factor was older age at diagnosis. The role of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy on overall survival remains to be defined.

关键词： Patient   satisfaction   waiting time   paediatric   qualitative  

摘要： Quality healthcare and satisfaction are gradually emerging as important areas, which need much attention. The factors of patient satisfaction have been identified under varied conditions globally. In the Indian context, one key patient satisfaction factor has been attributed to waiting time. Long waiting time has been one of the major reasons of patient dissatisfaction and assumes significance when associated with paediatric events. The following study has successfully identified key attributes, which are associated with long waiting times within paediatric outpatient department (OPD) settings. The possible implications of the long waiting periods have been recorded through semi-structured interviews, and further in-depth analysis of individual factors were carried out to predict the probable outcomes. The qualitative exploratory study design has helped to understand the perception of parents/care givers (in case of neonates and toddlers) and adolescents, thereby successfully highlighting the need for further study in the patient satisfaction domain involving paediatric population. The various implications which the waiting time has on them have been taken into consideration. The inter-related themes have been identified after analyzing the interviews. These substantiate the fact that designing innovative mitigation strategies on proper and timely communication, updated technological know-how, improvising hospital protocols for better operational processes and coordination among the staff can go a long way in enhancing the patient/parent experience within OPD settings.

关键词： Adolescents   Children   Diffusion-weighted imaging   Hodgkin lymphoma   Magnetic resonance imaging   Staging  

摘要： Background Whole-body MRI is used for staging paediatric Hodgkin lymphoma, commonly using size thresholds, which fail to detect disease in normal-size lymph nodes. Objective To investigate quantitative whole-body MRI metrics for nodal characterisation. Materials and methods Thirty-seven children with Hodgkin lymphoma underwent 1.5-tesla (T) whole-body MRI using short tau inversion recovery (STIR) half-Fourier-acquisition single-shot turbo-spin-echo and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). (18)Flourine-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT was acquired as the reference standard. Two independent readers assessed 11 nodal sites. The readers measured short-axis-diameter, apparent diffusion coefficient, (ADC) and normalised T2-signal intensity of the largest lymph node at each site. We used receiver operating characteristics (ROC)/area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis for each MRI metric and derived sensitivity and specificity for nodes with short-axis diameter >= 10 mm. Sub-analysis of sensitivity and specificity was performed with application of ADC cut-off values (<0.77, <1.15 and <1.79x10(-3) mm(2) s(-1)) to 5- to 9-mm nodes. Results ROC/AUC values for reader 1/reader 2 were 0.80/0.80 and 0.81/0.81 for short-axis-diameter measured using DWI and STIR half-Fourier-acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo, respectively;0.67/0.72 for normalised T2 signal intensity and 0.74/0.67 for ADC. Sensitivity and specificity for a short-axis diameter >= 10 mm were 84.2% and 66.7% for Reader 1 and 82.9% and 68.9% for Reader 2. Applying a short-axis-diameter >= 10-mm threshold followed by ADC cut-offs to normal-size 5- to 9-mm nodes resulted in sensitivity and specificity for Reader 1 of 88.8% and 60%, 92.1% and 56.7%, and 100% and 16.7%;and for Reader 2, 86.1% and 67.2%, 95.3% and 65.6%, and 100% and 19.7%;and ADC thresholds of <0.77, <1.15, and <1.79x10(-3) mm(2) s(-1), respectively. Conclusion Nodal size measurement provides the best single classifier for n