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关键词： 推拿   脐部贴敷   腹泻   中医儿科学  

摘要： 目的探讨推拿联合脐部贴敷治疗小儿腹泻的临床效果。方法将小儿腹泻患儿随机分为对照组、观察组,所有患儿均给予常规治疗,予口服微生态制剂调节肠道菌群,口服补液盐(ORS)或静脉补液治疗,在此基础上,对照组患儿口服蒙脱石散治疗,观察组患儿予推拿联合脐部贴敷治疗。结果治疗后观察组总有效率为97.5%,优于对照组总有效率82.5%(P<0.05);观察组止泻时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论推拿联合脐部贴敷治疗小儿腹泻取得良好临床疗效,能明显缩短患儿腹泻时间,减轻患儿痛苦,值得临床推广。

关键词： 幼儿时期   科学领域   游戏化   实践   教育教学   身心发展特点   科学教育   现代化社会  

摘要： 幼儿是一个人最初的成长时期,幼儿阶段的教育对人的发展有着决定性影响。随着现代化社会的不断发展,大众越来越重视科技型人才,科学教育已经成为教育教学中的重点内容。幼儿时期就对幼儿开展科学教育,能够为幼儿今后的科学素养的提高打下良好的基础。想要有效地实现幼儿科学领域的教育,就要充分了解幼儿身心发展特点。游戏是幼儿喜爱的活动,既符合幼儿的认知特点,又能够提高教学效率,更好地达成教学目标。

关键词： Genetic testing   Paediatrics  

摘要： We investigated the attitudes of intensive care physicians and genetics professionals towards rapid genomic testing in neonatal and paediatric intensive care units (NICU/PICU). A mixed-methods study (surveys and interviews) was conducted at 13 Australian hospitals and three laboratories involved in multi-center implementation of rapid genomic testing. We investigated experience and confidence with genomic tests among intensivists;perceived usefulness of genomic diagnostic results;preferences for service delivery models;and implementation readiness among genetic services. The overall survey response rate was 59%, 47% for intensivists (80/170), and 75% (91/121) for genetics professionals. Intensivists reported moderate confidence with microarray tests and lower confidence with genomic tests. The majority of intensivists (77%), clinical geneticists (87%) and genetic counsellors (82%) favoured a clinical genetics-led service delivery model of genomic testing. Perceived clinical utility of genomic results was lower in the intensivist group compared to the genetics professionals group (20 v 50%, p < 0.001). Interviews (n = 6 intensivists;n = 11 genetic counselors) demonstrated support for implementation, with concerns relating to implementation environment and organizational readiness. Overall, our findings support initial implementation of genomic testing in NICU/PICU as part of an interdisciplinary service delivery model that promotes gradual adoption of genomics by the intensive care workforce while ensuring safety, sustainability, and efficiency.

摘要： The study by Singh et al[1] assessed peak VO SB 2 sb in paediatric heart transplant recipients with previous diagnosis of congenital heart or cardiomyopathy. Maybe the explanation for the lack of difference in peak VO SB 2 sb between the groups of paediatric transplant recipients is not around the heart, but a little far from it. Exercise capacity of heart transplant recipients: the importance of chronotropic incompetence. [Extracted from the article]

关键词： ACP215   blood component production   cryopreservation   glycerolization   red cell components   transfusion - paediatrics  

摘要： Background and objectives There is a growing concern for shortage in future blood supply, caused by a predicted decrease in eligible blood donors and simultaneous increase in recipients. Cryopreservation of split red blood cell units could increase stock supply by reducing waste of rare blood. This would be particularly useful in paediatric care where very small volumes often are transfused. The aim of this study was to develop a cryopreservation protocol for split units using the closed-system automated cell processor ACP215, as such protocols are currently missing. Materials and methods Using a pool-and-split design, red blood cell units (N = 8) were glycerolized and frozen, either as standard volume reference units, or further divided into three smaller split units each. After thawing/deglycerolization, the supernatant of the smaller splits was reduced by additional centrifugation, and new SAGM was added to 60% haematocrit. The units were analysed for storage lesion effects up to ten days post-thawing. Results Haemolysis and extracellular potassium ion levels were lower in the split units than in the whole units from day three onwards. The metabolic parameters pH, ATP, glucose and lactate were also lower, though likely caused by lower additive solution pH rather than storage. Conclusion Split units of red blood cells can be successfully cryopreserved using the ACP215. In addition to favourably low haemolysis and potassium, they also have higher haematocrit than corresponding whole units and enable involvement of fewer donors at repeated transfusions. These characteristics are all desirable features in paediatric care.

关键词： Mothers   Heart defects   Congenital   Postoperative period   Paediatric cardiac intensive care unit  

摘要： Objectives: We investigated mothers' needs in forming partnerships with nurses based on children's postoperative recovery in a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Design: This was a descriptive study using prospective data. Setting: Data were collected from 36 mothers enrolled in a mother-nurse partnership program. Main outcome measures: We investigated mothers' need for information and participation activities using a self-made survey tool, as well as the duration of mothers' care participation and physical engagement and psychological connectedness. Results: The mothers desired information on their infants' postoperative stability in the early recovery phases and information on infants' transfer and care in the later phases. Mothers' mean duration of care participation increased as infants' recovery progressed (15.82 +/- 8.76 minutes in the second phase of recovery to 29.46 +/- 4.53 minutes in the fifth phase;F = 19.54, p < .001). Mothers' physical engagement and psychological connectedness also increased with infants' recovery (F = 200.95, p < .001;F = 93.27, p < .001, respectively). Mothers generally passively participated at first and gradually developed more positive and enthusiastic participation as infants recovered. Conclusion: Infants' condition heavily influenced mothers' needs regarding partnerships. Thus, nurses must individually provide mothers with information and encourage them to participate in care. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： bone health   bone mineral density   calcium intake   nutrition   osteogenesis imperfecta   paediatric  

摘要： Background In several bone disorders, adequate calcium intake is a coadjuvant intervention to regular treatment. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a collagen disorder with a range of symptoms, ranging from fractures to minimum trauma, and it is typically treated with bisphosphonates. In the present study, we evaluate the impact of a nutritional intervention (NI) on dietary calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in paediatric patients with OI. Methods A nonrandomised clinical trial was designed with a NI. Dietary calcium intake, anthropometry and clinical features were assessed at baseline, including anthropometry, basal metabolic rate (BMR), BMD. In addition, a food guidance form was developed and sent to patients by mail. After 12 months, clinical features of patients were reassessed and compared with the baseline data. Results Fifty-two children and adolescents were enrolled. Significant increases in total calcium intake (mg day(-1)), percentage of adequate calcium intake (%) and number of cups of milk ingested were observed after NI. We detected a positive correlation between the variation of BMD and milk consumption in patients treated with bisphosphonate. Conclusions We observed an increase in calcium intake in patients with OI. This finding demonstrates the importance of nutrition therapy as part of a multidisciplinary treatment approach for bone health.

关键词： Reporting quality   Systematic review   Meta-analysis   Paediatric dentistry   Abstract   PRISMA-abstract  

摘要： Aim To systematically evaluate the reporting quality of the abstract of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in paediatric dentistry journals. Materials and methods Systematic reviews with meta-analyses in paediatric dentistry were searched in PubMed and Scopus databases from inception to December 2017. Selection of studies by title and abstract screening followed by full-text assessment was independently done by two reviewers. The quality of abstracts was assessed by PRISMA-Abstract checklist comprising of 12 items;one each for title and objective, three items for methods, three items for results, two items for discussion and two items for others. PRISMA-A median scores were calculated and compared with the article characteristics. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and multi-variate analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Results A total of 24 studies were included in the analysis. The mean PRISMA-Abstract score was 7.46 +/- 1.19. None of the studies were of high quality (score 10-12), 20 were of moderate (score 7-9), and 4 were of low quality (score 1-6). Journals that adhered to PRISMA guidelines showed significantly higher quality (p < 0.05). No association was found between the quality and the number of authors, country, journals, year of publication, word count and focus of study. Conclusion Majority of abstracts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in paediatric dentistry journals were of moderate quality. Adoption and adherence to PRISMA-Abstract checklist by the journal editors and authors will enhance the reporting quality of abstracts.

关键词： griseofulvin   microsporum audouinii   terbinafine   tinea capitis   trichophyton soudanense   trichophyton violaceum  

摘要： Outbreaks of tinea capitis (TC) can be a source of medical and economic burden for healthcare systems;Griseofulvin and terbinafine are considered to be effective first-line treatments for TC. In order to compare the efficacy of griseofulvin and terbinafine for the treatment of TC in a paediatric population of African immigrants in the Tel Aviv area, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of all cases of TC diagnosed and treated between March 2016 and February 2018 at a dedicated TC paediatric dermatology clinic at the Tel Aviv Medical Center (which serves as a referral centre for the paediatric refugee population in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area). Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory data were collected, and 304 patients were included. Trichophyton violaceum (TV), Trichophyton soudanense (TS) and Microsporum audouinii (MA) were the prominent causative organisms. Treatment with griseofulvin suspension for 12 weeks was compared with (a) griseofulvin suspension for 8 weeks and with (b) terbinafine tablets for 4 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, country of birth, ethnicity and the causative organism. Twelve weeks of griseofulvin treatment had a statistically significant better cure rate than 4 weeks of terbinafine. Treatment was significantly more effective when TC was due to infections with MA and TS as compared with TV. No statistically significant difference was observed between 12- and 8-week treatment with griseofulvin.