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关键词： 幼儿   科学教育   家园互动  

摘要： 科学教育是幼儿园教学活动的重要组成部分,它不仅具有传授科学文化知识,让幼儿了解科学技术,而且培养幼儿的科学思维能力,提升幼儿的科学素养水平。使幼儿爱上科学活动,乐于进行科学探究。开展科学教育活动要激发幼儿的好奇心和探究兴趣,教师充分利用园内教育资源在课堂教学中进行科学教育,加强家园互动帮助幼儿了解生活中的科学,使幼儿获得成功的体验。

关键词： 新生儿科杂志   美国化学文摘   中华医学会   核心期刊   医学期刊   医学专业期刊   儿科学   学术影响力  

摘要： 《中华新生儿科杂志》(原《中国新生儿科杂志》)日前是中国科学技术协会主管、中华医学会主办、北京大学第一医院承办的国家级医学专业期刊,是我国唯一的新生儿专业医学期刊。本刊为中国科技论文统计源期刊、中国科技核心期刊,被万方数据库和清华同方网(CNKI)收录,2006年被美国化学文摘收录2008年被中国科学技术信息研究所和万方数据有限公司的中国核心期刊(通选)数据库收录。随着术刊学术影响力不断扩大,2018年版中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)报道,本刊2017年期刊被引指标中影响因子为1.150,在儿科学类期刊中排名第2位。

关键词： 眼底病   人民卫生出版社   罕见病例   妇幼保健人员   眼底疾病   诊治工作   眼科中心   儿科学  

摘要： 由空军军医大学王雨生教授主编的《图说小儿眼底病》一书近日由人民卫生出版社出版发行,该书系文峰教授总主编的“图说眼科疾病系列丛书”之一。小儿眼底病特殊且复杂,诊治工作十分困难,对临床医师具有极强的挑战性。本书经国内十余家关注小儿眼底病的知名眼科中心同力合作,由四十多位具有丰富经验的小儿眼底病从业人员执笔完成,是第一部中文版小儿眼底病专著。书中收集了数百例临床典型病例,精选各类精美图片近千张,图文并荗地诠释了五十余种小儿眼底疾病丰富的内涵。以创新的“图说”形式写作,每幅图附“图点评”,集专著、图谱和病例集锦等传统书藉的表达优势于一身,兼顾系统性和全面性、真实性和实用性、直观性和可读性。本书还收集了一些小儿眼底病领域罕见病例资源,将会带大家探索小儿眼底病的奥秘,也将有助于建立和丰富我国的小儿眼病资源库。愿本书能成为眼科学、儿科学或新生儿科学领域,尤其是关注小儿眼病工作的医护人员、妇幼保健人员、研究生和科研工作者的案头必备读本。该书定价228元,可从各大书店或人民卫生出版社销售网络购买。

关键词： 微课程   科学探究能力   幼儿   全面发展  

摘要： 在对幼儿进行科学探究能力的培养中,教师可以使用微课程这一现代资源,让幼儿在视听的刺激下得到全面发展。教师要充分应用微课程,调动幼儿科学探究兴趣,引导幼儿自主探究,对幼儿进行个性化指导,拓展幼儿科学探究空间。

关键词： 小儿外科   新生儿疾病   Surgery   儿科学   漏斗胸   胃肠疾病   路易斯安那州   事务管理  

摘要： 《Journal of Pediatric Surgery》2020年第6期开篇汇总2019年10月在路易斯安那州新奥尔良举办的第69届美国儿科学年会(American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP)外科分会情况,开场即针对下一代小儿外科医师的培训计划即从确定专业、早期职业生涯发展到成为有造诣的执业高手进行了热烈讨论。会议内容重点在小儿外科相关基础研究和临床研究,涉及新生儿疾病、胃肠疾病、临床医患事务管理、漏斗胸、肿瘤和实验研究等,以专题讨论、大会发言、简述壁报和壁报展示的形式进行交流。此次会议共收到43篇文章,JPS杂志第6期由从中择优选取的25篇(58%)文章和7篇自由来稿的关于手术技术的文章组成。

关键词： 有效观察   科学探索   数学知识  

摘要： 有效观察是幼儿教师的一项重要技能。教师在幼儿建构活动进行观察时,应通过幼儿年龄、行为、心理特点、合作能力、现有知识技能水平等方面综合分析判断采取介入方式,提高幼儿在游戏中的科学探索能力和发现问题、解决问题的能力。

关键词： 支原体肺炎   中西医结合疗法   中医儿科学  

摘要： 目的探讨中西医结合治疗小儿支原体肺炎的临床效果.方法选取山西省儿童医院于2018年10月—2018年12月收治的小儿支原体肺炎确诊患儿共60例,肺炎支原体DNA均为阳性.根据治疗方法的不同随机将患者分为对照治疗组30例和中西医结合治疗组30例.对照治疗组使用阿奇霉素进行治疗,结合治疗组使用阿奇霉素并结合实际病情给予不同的中药口服治疗.对比2组患儿的治疗效果、住院时间、症状消失时间、中医主要症状积分、不良反应发生率和炎症因子水平.结果结合治疗组退热时间、咳嗽及啰音消失时间、住院时间都短于对照治疗组;治疗3周后,结合治疗组的患儿的咯痰、咳嗽及发热症状的积分低于对照治疗组;结合治疗组患儿治疗后的IL-6、TNF-α水平也低于对照治疗组;以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论中西医结合对于小儿支原体肺炎的治疗效果优于单纯的西医治疗,具有缓解临床症状、减轻炎症反应的特点,具有更高的安全性.

关键词： Antimicrobial stewardship   Children   Paediatrics   Programme implementation  

摘要： A survey was conducted in UK regional children's hospitals with paediatric intensive care and paediatric infectious disease (PID) departments to describe the characteristics of paediatric antimicrobial stewardship (PAS) programmes. A structured questionnaire was sent to PAS coordinators. 'Audit and feedback' was implemented in 13 out of 17 centres. Microbiology-led services were more likely to implement antimicrobial restriction (75% vs 33% in PID-led services), to focus on broad-spectrum antibiotics, and to review patients with positive blood cultures. PID-led services were more likely to identify patients from e-prescribing or drug charts and review all antimicrobials. A PAS network has been established. Crown Copyright (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Muscle   Bone   Paediatric   Strength  

摘要： Post-puberty, bone mass displays clear sex-specific patterns. However, research has suggested that a sexual dimorphism in bone mass is evident in younger children and is likely attributable to differences in lean mass. Thus, we aimed to determine whether the association with both overall muscle mass and/or muscle strength was different between the sexes in a paediatric population. Participants were recruited as part of the Vitamin D in Pregnancy Study, Australia. There were 209/402 (52.3%) children at the 11-year follow-up, and 172 had complete data. Children were assessed for bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass by DXA (Lunar). Handgrip strength (kg) was measured using a dynamometer (JAMAR). Linear regression models were adjusted for height, weight, age and pubertal stage. In adjusted models, including both muscle strength and lean mass, the observed association differed between boys and girls. At the spine in boys, BMC and BMD were associated with muscle strength (beta 0.34 [95%CI 0.09-0.59] and 0.008 [95%CI 0.003-0.014];respectively) but not total muscle mass. However, muscle mass was associated with BMC and BMD at the total body (less head). In girls, spine BMC and BMD were associated with total lean mass (beta 0.95 [95%CI 0.61-1.3] and beta 0.01 [95%CI 0.005-0.02], respectively), with a similar pattern of association with total body (less head) measures. Muscle mass and strength appear to have sexually dimorphic effects on bone mass in school-aged children. These findings should be replicated in longitudinal studies.

关键词： Best Practice   Tariff   Trauma call   Paediatric trauma   Remuneration   Trauma network   Reimbursement policy   Major trauma   Epidemiological overview  

摘要： Introduction: The Best Practice Tariff (BPT) in major trauma awards Major Trauma Centres (MTCs) a financial incentive when predefined standards of care are met. However, no tailored criteria exist with regards to the reimbursement policy in paediatric major trauma. In this study, we aim to examine the utility of the paediatric Major Trauma BPT and identify predictors of additional resource utilisation. Materials and methods: This cohort study encompassed all paediatric major trauma calls (N = 682) presenting to a designated combined adult and paediatric MTC between July 2014 and June 2017. Patient demographics, admission pattern, injury parameters, length of stay (LOS) and the need for operative management were collected. Patients approved for the BPT uplift payment (BPT group) were compared with the cohort of children not qualifying (non-BPT group). Results: Overall, less than a quarter (23.2%) of the trauma population qualified for the BPT. The proportion of patients requiring operative intervention and CT scanning in the BPT group was significantly higher (p<0.001). These children also attained a higher ISS (median, 13.5 vs. 0, p<0.001) and required longer hospitalisation. Following a Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a cut off ISS score > 8 demonstrated an excellent predictive value in identifying children qualifying for BPT (true positive and false positive rates: 90% and 10.7%). However, a subgroup analysis including the more severely injured children (ISS >8) not qualifying for the uplift payment revealed that equally substantial resource went into their management - 42.9% needed surgical intervention and 57.1% a CT scan. Discussion: This study demonstrated that BPT in paediatric major trauma is a valuable reimbursement;however, our findings also unveiled a cohort deemed ineligible for BPT despite the high costs accrued. Re-evaluation of the remuneration criteria of paediatric major trauma networks with an alternative, more inclusive reim