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关键词： 教师   科学探究   策略  

摘要： 对于孩子们来说,科学探究学习是一个积极体验世界,积极观察和尝试从自己周围环境和教师提供的环境中探索、发现和解决问题的过程。教师在开展科学教育时应珍视大自然的科学教育价值,为幼儿进行科学活动创设良好的外部环境;给予幼儿自由探究机会,培养幼儿积极、认真、专注的科学探究态度;及时强化幼儿科学行为,支持幼儿对科学活动的持续参与和获得成功体验,激发幼儿科学探究的兴趣。科学探究能力的提高有助于儿童通过直接的经验进行探索,获得主动性、创造力和实践能力,并愿意知道如何去获取知识,了解事物和解决问题。

关键词： Congenital heart disease   Cardiac catheterization   Biodegradable devices   Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation   MRI-guided interventions  

摘要： Purpose of ReviewCardiac catheterization therapies to treat or palliate infants, children and adults with congenital heart disease have developed rapidly worldwide in both technical innovation and device development in the previous three decades. By reviewing of current status of novel or development of devices and techniques, we will discuss what is likely to happen in paediatric heart intervention in the next *** FindingsRecently, biodegradable stents and devices, transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation for the native right ventricle outflow tract and MRI-guided interventions have been progressing rapidly with good immediate to early results. These are expected to be introduced and spread in the next decade although there are still challenges to *** future of paediatric heart intervention is very promising with rapid development of technological progress.

关键词： Telemedicine   Cancer   Survivor   Bone   Plyometric exercise   Paediatrics   Quality of life  

摘要： BackgroundNew approaches on paediatric cancer treatment aim to maintain long-term health. As a result of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery, paediatric cancer survivors tend to suffer from any chronic health condition. Endocrine dysfunction represents one of the most common issues and affects bone health. Exercise is key for bone mass accrual during growth, specifically plyometric jump training. The iBoneFIT study will investigate the effect of a 9-month online exercise programme on bone health in paediatric cancer survivors. This study will also examine the effect of the intervention on body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, calcium intake, vitamin D, blood samples quality of life and mental *** minimum of 116 participants aged 6 to 18years will be randomized into an intervention (n=58) or control group (n=58). The intervention group will receive an online exercise programme and diet counselling on calcium and vitamin D. In addition, five behaviour change techniques and a gamification design will be implemented in order to increase the interest of this non-game programme. The control group will only receive diet counselling. Participants will be assessed on 3 occasions: 1) at baseline;2) after the 9months of the intervention;3) 4months following the intervention. The primary outcome will be determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the hip structural analysis, trabecular bone score and 3D-DXA softwares. Secondary outcomes will include anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, calcium and vitamin D intake, blood samples, quality of life and mental *** a simple, feasible and short in duration exercise programme can improve bone health has not been examined in paediatric cancer survivors. This article describes the design, rationale and methods of a study intended to test the effect of a rigorous online exercise programme on bone health in paediatric cancer survivors. If suc

摘要： BackgroundLung ultrasound (LUS) in combination with a biomarker has not yet been studied. We propose a clinical trial where the primary aims are: 1. To assess whether an algorithm with LUS and procalcitonin (PCT) may be useful for diagnosing bacterial pneumonia;2. To analyse the sensitivity and specificity of LUS vs chest X-ray (CXR).Methods/designA 3-year clinical trial. Inclusion criteria: children younger than 18years old with suspected pneumonia in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Patients will be randomised into two groups: Experimental Group: LUS will be performed as first lung image. Control Group: CXR will be performed as first pulmonary image. Patients will be classified according to the image and the PCT: a) PCT<1ng/mL and LUS/CXR are not suggestive of bacterial pneumonia (BN), no antibiotic will be prescribed;b) LUS/CXR are suggestive of BN, regardless of the PCT, antibiotic therapy is recommended;c) LUS/CXR is not suggestive of BN and PCT >1ng/mL, antibiotic therapy is *** algorithm will help us to diagnose bacterial pneumonia and to prescribe the correct antibiotic treatment. A reduction of antibiotics per patient, of the treatment length, and of the exposure to ionizing radiation and in costs is *** registrationNCT04217980.

关键词： Children hospital information system   User experience design   Patient and public engagement  

摘要： BackgroundThe hospital patient pathway for having treatment procedures can be daunting for younger patients and their family members, especially when they are about to undergo a complex intervention. Opportunities to mentally prepare young patients for their hospital treatments, e.g. for surgical procedures, include tools such as therapeutic clowns, medical dolls, or books and board games. However, while promising in reducing pre-operative anxiety and negative behaviours, they may be resource intensive, costly, and not always readily available. In this study, we co-designed a digital hospital information system with children, parents and clinicians, in order to prepare children undergoing medical *** study took place in the UK and consisted of two parts: In part 1, we purposively sampled 37 participants (n=22 parents, and n=15 clinicians) to understand perceptions and concerns of an hospital information platform specifically design for and addressed to children. In part 2, 14 children and 11 parents attended an audio and video recorded co-design workshop alongside a graphic designer and the research team to have their ideas explored and reflected on for the design of such information technology. Consequently, we used collected data to conduct thematic analysis and narrative *** from the survey were categorised into four themes: (1) the prospect of a hospital information system (parents' inputs);(2) content-specific information needed for the information system (parents' and clinicians' inputs);(3) using the virtual information system to connect young patients and parents (parents' inputs);and (4) how to use the virtual hospital information system from a clinician's perspective (clinicians' inputs). In contrast, the workshop highlighted points in times children were most distressed/relaxed, and derived the ideal hospital visit in both their and their parents' *** findings support the use of virtual informa

关键词： Children   Coronavirus   COVID-19   Allergy   Asthma   Upper airway   Survey   Paediatricians  

摘要： BackgroundThere is ample evidence that COVID-19 is significantly less severe in children than in adults and asthma and allergy, the most common chronic disorders in children, are not included in the top 10 comorbidities related to COVID-19 fatalities. Nevertheless, concerns about asthma and allergy are still high.. In order to evaluate the impact of paediatric COVID-19 among Italian paediatricians, we sent a 20-questions anonymous internet-based survey to 250 Italian paediatricians with particular address to allergic symptoms and those affecting the upper *** questionnaire was conceived and pretested in April 2020, by a working group of experts of the Italian Paediatric Society for Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP), and structured into different sections of 20 categorized and multiple choice questions. The first part included questions about epidemiological data follows by a second part assessing the way to manage a suspected COVID-19 infection and personal experiences about that. The third part concerned questions about patients' clinical characteristics and clinical *** survey was emailed once between April and mid-May *** total 99 participants had participated in our survey and provided responses to our electronic questionnaire. The distribution of patients reported per month varies significantly according to the geographical area (P=0.02). Data confirmed that in the North part of Italy the rate of patients referred is higher than in the rest of Italy. Almost all respondents (98%) reported caring for up to a maximum of 10 infected children and the last 2% more than twenty. Among these patients, according to the 75% of responders, a maximum rate of 20% were affected by allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and in particular in the North of Italy while in the Centre and in the South there was a higher incidence (P=0.09). Almost the same applies for asthma, 83% of responders declared that up to a maximum of 20% of affected children were

关键词： 药物临床试验机构   医院简介   儿科医院   儿科学   上海第一医学院   三级甲等   国家食品药品监督管理局   医疗机构  

摘要： 1956年,上海第一医学院儿科系成建制迁渝,成立重庆医学院儿科系和附属儿科医院。重庆医科大学附属儿童医院是集医教研为一体的国家三级甲等综合性儿童医院、我国最早成立的四大儿科系之一;是最早被国家授予的儿科学硕士、博士学位授予点、博士后流动站的医疗机构;是首批被国家授予的儿科学国家重点学科(2002年),教育部重点实验室(2011年),国家食品药品监督管理局药物临床试验机构(GCP)(2011年)。

关键词： 教育,医学   临床实习   儿科学  

摘要： 目的探讨迷你临床演练评估(mini-CEX)应用于八年制本硕连读临床医学生在儿科学的临床教学实践中的价值。方法选取2018年1月-2019年12月60例八年制本硕连读临床医学生作为研究对象,随机分为观察组及对照组,每组各30例。观察组采用mini-CEX教学方法,分别在入科时以及入科2,4及6周(出科时)采用mini-CEX量表进行双向评估;对照组采用传统教学方法。结果与入科时比较,学生在入科2,4及6周(出科时)整体测评合格率逐渐上升,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组在医疗问诊、体格检查、沟通技巧、临床判断、人文关怀、组织效能及整体表现等7项临床核心能力上的合格率,入科时与对照组无明显差别,出科时明显高于对照组,差别具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在儿科教学中采用mini-CEX方法有利于提高医学生的临床实践能力。

关键词： 医教协同   儿科学   课程改革   创新能力   思考  

摘要： 立足医教协同背景,积极推进儿科学硕士研究生专业课程建设,引导学生自主学习,培养学生创新思维,提高学生综合能力,使之成为高层次应用型临床医学人才是目前面临的重大课题。本文主要介绍了温州医科大学儿科学硕士研究生专业课程改革的思路和举措以及取得的一些初步成效,并对改革实践中遇到的问题进行了探讨。

关键词： 医学生   标准化病人   中医儿科学   教学模式  

摘要： 目的医学生模拟标准化病人教学方法在中医儿科学应用效果的研究。方法将江西中医药大学2014级本科中医专业学生96人,随机分为观察组48例,对照组48例。观察组选用医学生模拟标准化病人教学方法,对照组采用多媒体配合板书教师课堂授课的传统教学方法。课后归纳总结及配合实验技能操作,观察2组学生的教学效果。结果2组学生的理论成绩相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但观察组学生的问诊成绩、体格检查及专科检查均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论运用医学生模拟标准化病人教学方法可以有效提高教学效果。