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关键词： 高职院校   护理专业   病理学   模块教学  

摘要： 随着社会对护理人才的需求量与日俱增,高职院校的护理专业需要进行创新改革,从传统的培养方式中跳脱出来,培养从事临床护理、保健预防的应用型人才。根据高职护理专业的现有资源,病理学教学可以有效运用模块教学模式,结合学生的个性特点,结合病理学的实际要求,将课程划分为几大板块,提升学生的综合护理能力。基于此,本文简要探讨高职护理专业病理学模块教学模式。

关键词： 病理学技术   科研能力   研究生  

摘要： 科研能力是研究生教育的重要培养目标。病理学技术是医学专业研究生的必修课程之一,课程实践性强。课程探索从前沿研究成果与研究技术着手,培养研究生科研思维与科研素养,提高研究生从事科学研究的能力,构建以提高研究生培养质量为目标的优质课程模式。

关键词： 肺原发涎腺型肿瘤   病理学  

摘要： 目的探讨肺原发涎腺型肿瘤临床病理学特点,与涎腺型肿瘤对比分析。方法选取2015年11月-2016年11月接受治疗的20例肺原发涎腺型肿瘤患者,对其病理学特点进行分析研究。结果 20例患者中包括10例腺样囊性癌、8例黏液表皮样癌、1例透明细胞癌、1例肌上皮瘤1例,与涎腺原发者在组织形态、免疫表型方面均具有高度相似性。结论肺原发涎腺型肿瘤与涎腺原发虽在组织形态、免疫表型以及基因型、预后等诸多方面具有相似性,但也存在一定差异,临床应依据其差异性采取相应治疗措施。

关键词： 眼睑皮脂腺癌   眼睑   病理学特点   发病机制  

摘要： 眼睑皮脂腺癌是起源于眼睑部位皮脂腺体的恶性上皮性肿瘤,易复发、转移,主要治疗方式仍以手术切除为主,但患者整体预后并不理想,早期正确诊断和靶向治疗是改善患者预后和改进治疗的关键。眼睑皮脂腺癌临床表现复杂,早期容易误诊或漏诊进而延误治疗,病理检查是其诊断的金标准。此外,目前关于眼睑皮脂腺癌发病机制未完全阐明,癌发生发展的分子生物学过程尚未明确。因此,多方面了解眼睑皮脂腺癌发病机制为靶向治疗提供理论基础是十分必要的。本文主要从眼睑皮脂腺癌发病机制包括遗传因素、表观遗传、外源病毒感染、免疫逃逸、端粒酶学说等方面对眼睑皮脂腺癌作一综述。

关键词： Nocardioform   Placentitis   Equine   Abortion  

摘要： Placentitis is the leading cause of infectious abortion in the horse and contributes to roughly 19% of all abortions in the United States. A type of placental infection, nocardioform placentitis (NP) is associated with gram-positive branching actinomycetes localized within the ventral body of the feto-maternal interface to create a lymphoplasmacytic mucoid lesion. While the etiology of this disease is poorly described, this placental infection continues to cause episodic abortions in addition to weak and/or growth retarded neonates. The goal of the present study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of pregnancies associated with a nocardioform-affected placenta and make inferences into the epidemi-ology of this elusive disease. To do so, 264 mares were enrolled in the study, with 145 as having sus-pected disease (n = 145;NP) either based on pregnancy-related complications or postpartum placental evaluation, while an additional 119 were enrolled as healthy pregnancies (n = 119;CON). Following diagnosis as either NP or CON based on gross and histopathology at the University of Kentucky Veteri-nary Diagnostic Laboratory, information was gathered on the mares and neonates for comparisons be-tween diseased and healthy pregnancies. Clinically, a significant portion of diseased mares had clinical indications of NP, including premature mammary gland development, thickening of the placenta noted on transrectal ultrasonography, and separation between the chorioallantois and endometrium noted on abdominal ultrasonography, while vulvar discharge was not commonly noted. Additionally, NP was correlated with increased mare age, decreased gestational length, and decreased neonatal weight, although neonatal IgG and WBC were comparable to CON. Incidence of NP was not correlated with last breeding date, pre-and post-breeding therapeutics, parity, prophylactic medications, or housing. Addi-tionally, NP did not affect postpartum fertility. While NP was associated with a poor neonatal

关键词： Homicide   Bereavement   Grief   PTSD   Anxiety   Depression  

摘要： Background: Violently bereaved individuals are at increased risk of developing severe and comorbid disorders. Comorbidity may increase psychiatric symptom severity and suicide risk and decrease psychosocial functioning compared with having one disorder. We aimed to identify subgroups of individuals with similar symptom patterns, describe prevalence rates and overall levels of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) per class, and explore associations between class membership and personal and homicide related variables.& nbsp;Methods: We investigated the comorbidity of symptoms of PGD, PTSD, MDD, and GAD in a sample of 923 treatment-seeking homicidally bereaved individuals by deploying latent class analysis.& nbsp;Results: Three subgroups were identified: (i) a moderate distress, low depression class (12.4%), (ii) a high distress, moderate depression class (42.7%), and (iii) a high distress and high depression class (45.0%). Prevalence rates and total scores of the questionnaires followed the pattern of iii > ii > i (ps < .001). Being female and having experienced prior life stress distinguished between all classes (ps < .05).& nbsp;Limitations: The data-driven analytic approach and reliance on self-reported routine outcome monitoring data limit the generalizability and validity of the study. Strengths include the large sample size and the inclusion of four measures in a treatment-seeking, violently bereaved sample.& nbsp;Conclusions: Classes were most clearly distinguishable based on symptom severity, indicating high comorbidity following bereavement by homicide. This argues for an integrated treatment that targets different complaints simultaneously rather than successively.

关键词： 侵袭性纤维瘤病   超声检查   病理诊断   诊断,鉴别  

摘要： 目的探讨侵袭性纤维瘤病的超声影像及病理学特征,为侵袭性纤维瘤病的诊断提供依据。方法回顾性分析山西省肿瘤医院2016年1月至2019年3月22例经术后病理诊断为侵袭性纤维瘤病患者的临床病理资料,总结其临床、超声及病理学特征。结果侵袭性纤维瘤病超声影像表现为形态不规则、界限不清、回声不均、点灶状或条状血流信号等特征;超声诊断符合率59.1%(13/22),误诊为纤维、脂肪等来源肉瘤3例,神经来源肿瘤4例,结节性筋膜炎1例,胃肠间质瘤1例。侵袭性纤维瘤病病理学特征较为典型,免疫组织化学Vimentin及β-catenin阳性表达率均为100.0%(22/22);术前穿刺病理诊断符合率78.6%(11/14),误诊为神经纤维瘤1例,低度恶性纤维黏液样肉瘤1例,结节性筋膜炎1例。结论侵袭性纤维瘤病在超声及病理诊断上有一定特异性,根据超声影像和病理学特征可对其进行诊断和鉴别诊断。

关键词： 结构化面试考核   实验教学   病理学   人文素养  

摘要： 探讨结构化面试考核在病理学实验教学中的作用。将学生随机分为结构化面试考核组和对照组,比较两组在教学效果方面的差异,结果表明,结构化面试考核组的期末考试成绩和应用型考题得分明显高于对照组。与对照组相比,结构化面试考核组对学生知识应用、临床思维、收集资料、团队合作、语言表达等能力和人文素质的培养有较大的帮助。结论:结构化面试考核不仅对学生职业核心能力和人文素质的培养有较大的帮助,而且提高了学生的面试能力。

关键词： 高级别B细胞淋巴瘤   MYC   Bcl-2   Bcl-6   基因易位   临床病理特征   预后  

摘要： 目的探讨伴有MYC、Bcl-2和/或Bcl-6基因易位的高级别B细胞淋巴瘤(HGBCL)临床病理特征,诊断及治疗中的价值。方法收集148例DLBCL石蜡组织切片,应用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术进行基因检测进一步分析其临床病理资料及形态学特点。结果FISH筛选出的18例为伴有MYC、Bcl-2和/或Bcl-6基因易位的HGBCL,形态学以中心母细胞型为主,可见星空现象、凝固性坏死,核分裂象和凋亡小体;MYC/Bcl-6基因易位双打击淋巴瘤(MYC/Bcl-6 DHL)12例;MYC/Bcl-2基因易位双打击淋巴瘤(MYC/Bcl-2 DHL)2例;MYC/Bcl-2/Bcl-6三打击淋巴瘤(THL)4例。Hans分型10例为GCB型,8例为non-GCB型;随访时间24个月,MYC/Bcl-6 DHL比MYC/Bcl-2 DHL患者中位生存期长、但总生存率相似(P=0.133)。生存分析结果显示THL和骨髓累及的伴有MYC、Bcl-2和/或Bcl-6基因易位HGBCL患者总生存期(OS)低,病理分型与预后无关。结论本研究中MYC/Bcl-6 DHL的患病率较高,以non-GCB型多见;伴有基因易位的HGBCL患者治疗效果差,诊断有赖于荧光原位杂交。

关键词： 结直肠腺癌   差分化细胞群   肿瘤芽  

摘要： 背景与目的:基于分化程度的组织学分级在结直肠癌生物学行为的评估上存在局限性,寻找更多的形态学指标将为结直肠癌患者的预后和分层管理提供更多依据。探讨结直肠腺癌差分化细胞群(poorly differentiated clusters,PDC)与临床病理学参数之间的关系及其意义。方法:收集2019年1月—2020年10月在广东省中医院珠海医院行根治性手术切除的结直肠腺癌标本101例。其中男性54例,女性47例,年龄29~86岁,中位年龄62岁,肿瘤大小1.5~9.0 cm,平均4.5 cm,左半结肠癌42例,右半结肠癌21例,直肠癌38例。在光镜下观察H-E切片中结直肠腺癌PDC数量并进行分级,分析PDC分级与结直肠腺癌其他临床病理学参数之间的关系。结果:101例结直肠腺癌患者中,PDC分级G1级为42例(41.6%),G2级为29例(28.7%),G3级为30例(29.7%)。结直肠腺癌中PDC与组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、淋巴管血管侵犯、神经侵犯、远处转移分期及肿瘤芽(tumor budding,TB)呈正相关(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。结论:PDC与结直肠腺癌侵袭性的生物学行为密切相关。PDC有可能是继TB之后的另一个比传统组织学分级更为有效的预后指标。识别和评估结直肠腺癌中PDC分级可以更好地预测结直肠腺癌的生物学行为,从而更加准确地指导结直肠癌患者的治疗和预后评估。