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关键词： Pustules   mycosis fungoides   aggressive course   poor outcome  

关键词： 宝石CT能谱成像技术   痛风   诊断准确率   病理学检查  

摘要： 在对痛风患者采用宝石CT能谱成像技术诊断的效果分析。方法:本次研究时间段于2020年1月~2021年1月,在此时间段内,回顾性分析我院接诊的20例通风患者作为研究对象并展开调查,所有患者均于病理学检查后确诊为痛风,对所有患者均采用宝石CT能谱成像进行扫查后,分析诊断结果及其运用价值。结果:对20例痛风患者选择宝石CT能谱成像技术进行诊断后发现,患者尿酸盐结晶主要在外周关节、周围肌腱、韧带处沉积,主要包括跖趾关节11例,膝关节3例,踝关节4例,2例多部位受累。结论:在就痛风患者进行诊断时,借助宝石CT能谱成像技术能够对患者尿酸盐结晶沉积情况进行确定,同时此诊断技术不会对患者机体造成伤害,可达到较高的诊断准确率,具有显著的诊断价值,值得临床推广运用。

关键词： Osteobrama belangeri   Ammonia   Toxicity   Hematological parameters   Biochemical parameters  

摘要： Ammonia is a factor restricting production in aquaculture systems, hindering fish production adversely. A detailed study was planned and conducted using a static water system to scrutinize the toxic effects of unionized ammonia (UIA) on patho-physiological responses of O. belangeri, an important aquaculture candidate for diversification of freshwater aquaculture and endangered species, when exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of UIA. The 96-h LC50 value of UIA on O. belangeri was found to be 1.36 mg l- 1. The sub-lethal toxicity test with three UIA concentrations, i.e., 0.27, 0.68, and 0.80 mg l- 1 at different exposure period of 24, 48, 72, and 96-h revealed that exposure to UIA induced a significant reduction in hematological parameters, such as total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct). Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) also substantially declined due to UIA exposure. Among biochemical parameters, blood glucose, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and Na+ and K+ ion increased significantly. In contrast, serum protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum albumin notably decreased due to ammonia exposure. Fish exposed to different UIA concentrations for 96-h displayed several histopathologic alterations in the gill and kidney tissues. Gill tissues showed several lamellar deformations, while kidney tissues showed significant changes at the level of the glomerulus and tubular epithelium. The NOEL or safe concentration of UIA for this particular fish species was found to be 0.07 mg l- 1. The observed patho-physiological alterations in the present study establish the most detail insights of UIA stress in O. belangeri and will enhance the international literature on UIA toxicity.

关键词： preoperative chemotherapy   prognosis   response   Wilms' tumor  

摘要： In the SIOP Wilms' tumor (WT) studies, preoperative chemotherapy is used as primary treatment, and tumors are classified thereafter by pathologists. Completely necrotic WTs (CN-WTs) are classified as low-risk tumors. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a subset of regressive type WTs (RT-WTs) (67%-99% chemotherapy-induced changes [CIC]) showing an exceptionally good response to preoperative chemotherapy had comparably excellent survivals as CN-WTs, and to establish a cut-off point of CIC that could define this subset. The study included 2117 patients with unilateral, nonanaplastic WTs from the UK-CCLG and GPOH-WT studies (2001-2020) treated according to the SIOP-WT-2001 protocol. There were 126 patients with CN-WTs and 773 with RT-WTs, stages I-IV. RT-WTs were subdivided into subtotally necrotic WTs (>95% CIC) (STN-WT96-99) (124 patients) and the remaining of RT-WT (RR-WT67-95) (649 patients). The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for CN-WTs were 95.3% (+/- 2.1% SE) and 97.3% (+/- 1.5% SE), and for RT-WTs 85.7% (+/- 1.14% SE, P < .01) and 95.2% (+/- 0.01% SE, P = .59), respectively. CN-WT and STN-WT96-99 groups showed significantly better EFS than RR-WT67-95 (P = .003 and P = .02, respectively), which remained significantly superior when adjusted for age, local stage and metastasis at diagnosis, in multivariate analysis, whereas OS were superimposable (97.3 +/- 1.5% SE for CN-WT;97.8 +/- 1.5% SE for STN-WT96-99;94.7 +/- 1.0% SE for RR-WT67-95). Patients with STN-WT96-99 share the same excellent EFS and OS as patients with CN-WTs, and although this was achieved by more treatment for patients with STN-WT96-99 than for patients with CN-WT, reduction in postoperative treatment of these patients may be justified.

关键词： status epilepticus   sex differences   neuronal death   astrocyte   GABA  

摘要： epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological disorder that causes neuronal death and glial activation. Studies have explained the clinical side effects and lack of effectiveness of neurological disorder treatments based on sex-related differences in brain structure and function. However, the sex-specific outcomes of seizure disorders and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We compared SE-induced behavioral and pathophysiological changes in male and female mice. The time taken to reach stage 6 seizure following pilocarpine injection was shorter in male mice than in female mice, and the prevalence of SE was higher in male mice than in female mice. Fluoro-Jade B staining revealed more extensive SE-induced hippocampal neuronal death in male mice than in female mice. Glial cells were more activated in male mice than in female mice. In contrast, astrocyte-derived c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunostaining was less expressed in male mice than in female mice. Moreover, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines released from activated glial cells were higher in male mice than in female mice. Notably, the mRNA level of astrocytic c-aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT-3) involved in extracellular GABA uptake was lower in female mice than in male mice, while the mRNA levels of glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST (EAAT1)) and glutamate transporter (GLT-1 (EAAT2)) involved in extracellular glutamate uptake were higher in female mice. Our findings suggest that male mice are more vulnerable to SE than female mice, resulting in more extensive neuronal cell death and glial activation in male mice, partly due to increased GAT-3 expression that subsequently leads to reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive GABA content assessed with anti-GABA antibodies. (c) 2021 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural circuit   In vitro model   Brain physiology   Neuropathology   Biomimetic  

摘要： The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling, motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the growing demand for the unraveling of the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, their fundamental investigation is hampered because of the inability to access the components of neural circuits and the complex microenvironment. As an alternative approach, in vitro human neural circuits show principles of in vivo human neuronal circuit function. They allow access to the cellular compartment and permit real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in reconstituted in vitro neural circuits using engineering techniques. To this end, we provide an overview of the fabrication techniques and methods for stimulation and measurement of in vitro neural circuits. Subsequently, representative examples of in vitro neural circuits are reviewed with a particular focus on the recapitulation of structures and functions observed in vivo , and we summarize their application in the study of various brain diseases. We believe that the in vitro neural circuits can help neuroscience and the neuropharmacology. Statement of significance Despite the growing demand to unravel the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, the studies on the in vivo neural circuits are frequently limited due to the poor accessibility. Furthermore, single neuron-based analysis has an inherent limitation in that it does not reflect the full spectrum of the neural circuit physiology. As an alternative approach, in vitro engineered neural circuit models have arisen because they can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of in vivo neural circuits. These in vitro neural circuits allow the mimicking of dysregulation of the neural circuits, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain in

关键词： Multiple Sclerosis   Herpesvirus   HERVs   Inflammation   Hills postulates  

摘要： Herpesviruses like Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-1, VZV, and human endogenous retroviruses, have an age-old clinical association with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system wherein the myelin sheath deteriorates. The most popular mode of virus mediated immune system manipulation is molecular mimicry. Numerous herpesvirus antigens are similar to myelin proteins. Other mechanisms described here include the activity of cytokines and autoantibodies produced by the autoreactive T and B cells, respectively, viral de ' j`a vu, epitope spreading, CD46 receptor engagement, impaired remyelination etc. Overall, this review addresses the host-parasite association of viruses with MS.

关键词： Mitochondrial permeability transition pore   Apoptosis   Ageratum conyzoides   Monosodium glutamate   Cancer  

摘要： Ethnopharmacological relevance: Several pathological disorders have been attributed to either oxidative stress or defect in apoptotic signaling pathway. Some bioactive compounds elicit their antiproliferative properties by induction of apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening. Aim of study: The present study therefore investigated the effects of various fractions of methanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. (MEAC) on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and the possible protective potential of the most potent against monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced hepatic damage and uterine pathological disorder. The plant is folklorically used in the treatment of cancer and gynecological disorder. Materials and methods: The MEAC was partitioned in succession and concentrated at 40 degrees C to obtain chloroform (CFAC), ethylacetate(EFAC) and methanol(MFAC) fractions. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. The opening of mPT pore, mATPase activity and hepatic DNA fragmentation were assessed spectrophotometrically. Caspases 9 and 3, SOD and GSH-Px activities and MDA level were determined using ELISA technique. Histological assessment of the liver and uterine sections and GC-MS analysis of the most potent fraction were carried out. Results: The investigation showed that oral administration of the fractions caused induction of mPT pore opening, enhanced mATPase activity, upregulated the activities of caspases 9 and 3 and also, caused hepatic DNA fragmentation with CFAC being the most potent. The CFAC reversed severe MSG-induced hepatic damage and uterine hyperplasia. The MSG-induced oxidative stress was normalized by CFAC. The GC-MS analysis of CFAC revealed the presence of some pharmacologically relevant phytochemicals. Conclusion: These findings therefore suggest that fractions of Ageratum conyzoides induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, CFAC, which is the most potent has a promising antioxidant and antiproliferative pot

关键词： Anti-inflammatory   Celecoxib   Pyrazole   Pyrazoline   Isoxazole   Cyclooxygenase   Docking study   Histopathology   ADME study  

摘要： Novel anti-inflammatory pyrazole derivatives (4a,b, 5a,b, 6a,b, 7a,b, 8a,b, 11a-c, 12a-c, 13a-c and 14a-c) were designed as coxib analogues, synthesized and evaluated for both in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity. Compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, 6a, 6b, 13a-c and 14a-c were the most COX-2 selective compounds (Selectivity Index) = 242.52, 235.32, 234.50, 462.91 and 334.25, 277.18, 229.07, 243.83, 287.51, 237.03, 236.22 respectively) in comparison with the COX-2 selective reference drug celecoxib (Selectivity Index) = 313.12). Also, compounds 6a and 6b (possess SO2NH2 as selective COX-2 pharmacophore) presented the highest anti-inflammatory activity (ED50 = 136 and 126 mu Mol/kg, sequentially) in addition, they have the lowest ulcerogenic liability (Ulcer Index = 1.25 and 1.00, respectively) reflecting their expected safe GI profiles. Moreover, the different binding mode of interactions between the synthesized compounds and COX-2 active site were elucidated through molecular docking analysis. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.