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关键词： digital histopathology   intraoperative histopathology   label-free imaging   photoacoustic microscopy  

摘要： During cancer resection surgeries, intraoperative histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen is crucial for tumor margin identification. A conventional frozen-section analysis requires complex tissue processing, which prolongs surgery and potentially introduces interpretation errors. Here, as a novel approach to label-free intraoperative histopathology, a high-speed reflection-mode ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy (UV-PAM) system employing a waterproof 1-axis microelectromechanical systems scanner is demonstrated. Label-free nuclear imaging is photoacoustically verified using tissue sections excised from mice and humans. Moreover, by imaging clinical specimens from cancer patients and numerically quantifying the histopathologic results, it is successfully demonstrated that the proposed UV-PAM system has great potential as an alternative intraoperative histopathology method with minimal tissue preparation processes.

关键词： Breast cancer   Neo-adjuvant therapy   Pathologic complete response   Clinical trials  

摘要： Purpose Pathologic complete response is associated with longer disease-free survival and better overall survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. We, therefore, evaluated factors influencing pathologic complete response. Methods Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2015 to 2018 at the Saarland University Hospital were included. Patients' age, tumor stage, tumor biology, genetic mutation, recurrent cancer, discontinuation of chemotherapy, and participation in clinical trials were extracted from electronic medical records. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the influence of these factors on pathologic complete response. Results Data of 183 patients were included. The median patient's age was 54 years (22-78). The median interval between diagnosis and onset of chemotherapy was 28 days (14-91);between end of chemotherapy and surgery 28 days (9-57). Sixty-two patients (34%) participated in clinical trials for chemotherapy. A total of 86 patients (47%) achieved pathologic complete response. Patient's age, genetic mutation, recurrent cancers, or discontinuation of chemotherapy (due to side effects) and time intervals (between diagnosis and onset of chemotherapy, as well as between end of chemotherapy and surgery) did not influence pathologic complete response. Patients with high Ki67, high grading, Her2 positive tumors, as well as patients participating in clinical trials for chemotherapy had a higher chance of having pathologic complete response. Patients with Luminal B tumors had a lower chance for pathologic complete response. Conclusion Particularly patients with high risk cancer and patients, participating in clinical trials benefit most from chemotherapy. Therefore, breast cancer patients can be encouraged to participate in clinical trials for chemotherapy.

关键词： Public Health   Health Psychology   Psychology   general   Rehabilitation   Psychiatry   Community and Environmental Psychology  

摘要： Insufficient treatment facilities exist for such patients in Japan. [...]many of these gamblers are unable to receive treatment (Moriyama 2008). An interview questionnaire administered by a professional who is unaware of the intervention a participant has received has a lower likelihood of being biased toward the research results than patients’ self-reported measures. [...]the availability of a validated, professionally administered questionnaire for assessing the variables related to gambling disorder is a necessary preliminary step toward any research on the effectiveness of psychological therapy for patients with gambling disorder in Japan. Adaptation of a Japanese version of the PG-YBOCS (PG-YBOCS-J) could be useful for evaluating treatment effects for gambling disorder and facilitating more research in Japan. [...]in Japan, many disordered gamblers do not seek treatment for gambling problems because of treatment motivation, accessibility, and financial problems (Moriyama 2008). Given these unique issues, recruiting a sample from subclinical settings (e.g., web-based sampling and/or web advertisement) would be important in acquiring a representative sample of disordered gamblers in Japan. [...]the current study examines the factor structure, inter-rater reliability, and validity of the PG-YBOCS-J in a Japanese subclinical web-based population who have problems with gambling.

关键词： cervix   endometrium   female genital tract   FIGO Cancer Report   gynecological cancer   pathology   tubo-ovarian   vagina   vulva  

摘要： This review covers the significant new developments in the pathological classification of gynecological tumors. Many of these were included in the updated World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tract Tumours, published in 2020. Topics include the compelling evidence that a large majority of extrauterine high-grade serous carcinomas arise from the fallopian tube;the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Classification of endometrial carcinomas;the discovery that most so-called synchronous endometrial and ovarian endometrioid carcinomas represent metastasis from the endometrium to the ovary;and the division of cervical, vaginal, and vulval carcinomas into clinically meaningful HPV-associated and HPV-independent types. Newly described tumor types are covered, including endometrial and ovarian mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma, uterine sarcoma types associated with specific molecular abnormalities, and gastric (gastrointestinal)-type adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and vagina. Important molecular events in ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are also discussed.

关键词： angiofibromas   fibrous papule   histopathology   pathology  

摘要： Background Angiofibromas are common benign skin lesions that are diagnosed clinically and histopathologically. Fibrous papule (FP) is one of the clinical types of angiofibromas located primarily on the nose. Methods The cases with the confirmed diagnosis of angiofibroma were enrolled. Demographic features of the patients and clinical characteristics of the lesions were extracted. Moreover, histopathological features of the available slides were microscopically reviewed. Results From 83 cases of cutaneous angiofibromas, 57 (69%) had lesions consistent with FP. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.7 +/- 16.3 years and the most common site of involvement was the nose (53% of cases). Regarding the histopathological evaluation of 71 slides, most cases represented vascular changes (97%) and dermal fibroplasia (87%). Melanin incontinence (41%), acanthosis (31%), and lichenoid features (25%) were other common histopathological findings. Moreover, a sparse inflammatory cell infiltrate was present in 68% of cases. The most prevalent inflammatory cells were lymphocytes (61%) and histiocytes (34%). Conclusion This study presented the histopathological findings of a series of cutaneous angiofibromas. Dermatopathologists should be aware of these features, especially those that are less common, to better diagnose and differentiate them from malignant neoplasms.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging   Hepatocellular    carcinoma   Gadobenic acid  

摘要： Purpose To evaluate the value of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI in predicting the pathologic grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods Patients with pathologically proven HCC who underwent preoperative gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced dynamic MRI were included. Two radiologists blinded to pathology results evaluated images in consensus. Lesions were evaluated quantitatively in terms of ratio of enhancement (RE), and qualitatively based on image features related to tumor aggressiveness. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were used to determine the value of these parameters to predict pathologic grade. Results In total, 221 patients (194 males, 27 females, aged 52.9 +/- 11.7 years) with 49 poorly differentiated HCCs and 172 well/moderately differentiated HCCs were evaluated. Features significantly related to poorer pathologic grade at univariate analysis included lower RE in the early arterial phase (EAP) (p = 0.001), nonsmooth margins (p = 0.001), absence of capsule (p < 0.001), arterial peritumoral hyperenhancement (p < 0.001), higher AFP (p = 0.004), multiple tumors (p = 0.026), and larger tumor size (p = 0.028). At multivariate analysis, lower RE (EAP) (OR = 0.144, p = 0.002), absence of capsule (OR = 0.281, p = 0.004), and arterial peritumoral hyperenhancement (OR = 4.117, p < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for poorer pathologic grade. ROC analysis showed lower RE (EAP) was predictive of poorer pathologic grade (AUC = 0.667). AUC increased to 0.797 when combined with absence of capsule and presence of peritumoral hyperenhancement. Conclusions Lower RE (EAP), absence of capsule, and arterial peritumoral hyperenhancement were predictive biomarkers for poorer pathologic grade of HCC on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced dynamic MRI.

关键词： Physical function   Neuroimaging   Cerebrovascular disease   Amyloid  

摘要： Imaging markers of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are implicated in mobility impairment in older adults, but few studies have examined these relationships longitudinally in a racially-diverse population-based sample. At Visit 5 (2011-13) of the ARIC Study, 1859 participants had usual pace gait speed (cm/s) assessed and brain MRI (mean age = 76.3, 28.5% Black) and PET (n = 343;mean age = 75.9, 42.6% Black) measures including total/regional brain volume (cm(3)), white matter hyperintensities (WMH;cm(3)), infarcts (present/absent), microbleeds (count) and global beta-amyloid (A beta). Participants returned at Visit 6 (n = 1264, 2016-17) and Visit 7 (n = 1108, 2018-19) for follow-up gait speed assessments. We used linear regression to estimate effects of baseline infarct presence, higher microbleed count, and a one interquartile range (IQR) poorer measures of continuous predictors (-1 IQR total brain volume, temporal-parietal lobe meta region of interest(ROI);+1 IQR WMH volume, global A beta SUVR) on cross-sectional gait speed and change in gait speed adjusting for age, sex, education, study site, APOE e4, estimated intracranial volume, BMI, and cardiovascular risk factors. Cross-sectionally, slower gait speed outcome was associated with higher WMH volume, -3.38 cm/s (95%CI:-4.71, -2.04), infarct presence, -5.60 cm/s (-7.69, -3.51), microbleed count, -2.20 cm/s (-3.20, -0.91), smaller total brain volume, -9.26 cm/s (-12.1, -6.43), and smaller temporal-parietal lobe ROI -6.28 cm/s (-8.28, -4.28). Longitudinally, faster gait speed outcome decline was associated with higher WMH volume, -0.27 cm/s/year, (-0.51, -0.03) and higher global A beta SUVR, -0.62 cm/s/year (-1.20, -0.03). Both cerebrovascular and AD pathology may contribute to mobility decline commonly seen with aging.

关键词： biocompatibility   Cardioband   mitral annuloplasty   mitral regurgitation   tissue reaction   transcatheter mitral valve repair  

摘要： Surgical implantation of a complete or incomplete ring to reduce the valve annulus and improve leaflet coaptation is the mainstay of mitral valve surgery. The Cardioband (R) system (Edwards Lifesciences) was designed to address the pathophysiological mechanism of annular dilatation through a catheter-based approach. We present the histopathological workup of a Cardioband (R) device, which had been implanted 21 months earlier in a 34-year-old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Device examination demonstrate a well-positioned and securely anchored device. The described tissue reactions may have an impact on choice of device and timing in case of re-do surgery.

关键词： Cadmium chloride   Moringa oleifera   Oxidative stress   Biochemical changes   Histopathological changes   Clarias gariepinus  

摘要： Cadmium aquatic environmental pollution poses great threats to fish and their would-be consumers. The present work investigated the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Moringa oleifera leaves (EAEMOL), vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures on calcium and metallothionein levels, oxidative stress, and gill histopathological changes in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub-lethal cadmium (CdCl2) for 28 days. Fish were exposed to CdCl2 only (1.048 mg/L) as well as co-exposed with EAEMOL (20 mg/L), vitamin C (5 mg/L), and taurine (5 mg/L) separately. There was significant (p < 0.05) deterioration in fish water quality with increasing exposure period but no significant (p > 0.05) changes occurred between the exposed groups. However, the co-exposure of EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the CdCl2-induced fish water quality deterioration. Sub-lethal exposure to CdCl2 only caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver metallothionein (MT) levels with significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum catalase activity only. However, EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures did not significantly (p > 0.05) improve the MDA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione activities, as well as MT and calcium (Ca2+) levels, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and gill histopathological changes induced by the CdCl2 exposure. Similarly, none of the present exposures, CdCl2 only or its co-exposures with EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine significantly (p > 0.05) altered the normal functioning of the gills despite the observed histopathological changes based on the degree of tissue change protocol. Therefore, EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures, as administered in the present case, did not considerably alter the physicochemical parameters of the experimental fish water. However, outside significantly (p < 0.05) increasing MDA level, EAEMOL, vitamin C, and taurine co-exposures did not significantly (p >