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关键词： CD146   T-cells   MCAM   Cytokines   Psoriatic arthritis  

摘要： Background CD146 (MCAM-melanoma cell adhesion molecule) is a cell surface adhesion molecule for Laminin 411. T cells expressing MCAM are mainly responsible for IL-17 production. IL-17 secreting T helper cells (Th17 cells) are critical for the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Here we hypothesized enrichment of CD146(+)IL-17(+) memory T cells in PsA synovium and studied the association of CD146 expression and CD4(+)IL-17(+) activated memory (CD11a(+)CD45RO(+)) T cells in synovial fluid and blood of PSA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA, a positive control) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Methods Hi-D FACS studies were done to identify IL-17 in CD4(+)CD146(+)CD45RO(+) and CD8(+)CD146(+)CD45RO(+) T cells. Results We observed that effector CD146(+)(MCAM(+)) T cells are enriched at the synovial inflammation site in PsA. Conclusion As CD146(+) T cells are a key resource for IL-17 it is likely that the enrichment of these MCAM(+) pathologic cells are critical for the disease process of PsA.

关键词： Pathology   Fatty liver   Liver cirrhosis   Reye syndrome   Ultrasonography  

摘要： Although new ultrasound (US) methods able to quantitatively assess liver fat content have been recently developed, B-mode US is still the major method for detecting liver steatosis during medical checkups. However, some pathological cases yield false-positive or false-negative liver steatosis results using B-mode US. In addition, histologically, the degree of fat deposits and the size of fat droplets in the liver can affect the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of liver steatosis using B-mode US. As B-mode US evaluation of fatty liver relies on operator expertise, the operator should be aware that there are some cases of liver steatosis that are difficult to evaluate with B-mode US. Here, we describe the pathological findings of liver steatosis that is difficult to evaluate with US.

关键词： P.amaryllifolius   Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)   Antioxidant   Hepatoprotective  

摘要： The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents of Pandanus amaryllifolius as well as to evaluate its ability to protect against acute hepatic damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. In animals pre-treated with *** and intoxicated with CCl4, biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used to assess hepatic damages. Histopathological assessment was also done to evaluate the CCl4 mediated hepatic injury in rats. *** antioxidant activity was measured using free radical scavenging DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The stable DPPH level was lowered by P. amaryllifolius extract. The value of the half-maximum inhibitory level (IC50) was 46.8 mu g/ml. Phytochemical screening of P. amaryllifolius extract showed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and flavonoids except pholabatannins and cardiac glycosides. The total phenolic content (TPC) was 35.99 +/- 0.04 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content (TFC) was 59. 96 +/- 0.013 mg CAE/g of extract. *** pre-treated groups displayed significantly increased catalase antioxidant enzyme activity relative to the CCl4 treated group (57-82%, P < 0.05). *** was found to moderately reduce serum ALT and AST levels (4-34%, P < 0.05). The formation of MDA due to lipid peroxidation was greatly reduced (29-70%, P < 0.05) when compared to the CCl4 treated group, while GSH was raised in a dosage dependent way (94-100%, P < 0.05). Reduced histological changes in the liver were clear evidence of P. amaryllifolius protective effect. According to the research findings, the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of P. amaryllifolius may be responsible for its hepatoprotective benefits. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

关键词： Endoscopy   Endoscopic resection   Barrett's esophagus   Cancer   Esophageal adenocarcinoma  

摘要： Background and aims Multimodal endoscopic treatment for Barrett's esophagus (BE) related high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is safe and effective. However, there is a paucity of data to predict the response to endoscopic treatment. This study aimed to identify predictors of failure to achieve complete eradication of neoplasia (CE-N) and complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all HGD/EAC cases treated endoscopically at a tertiary referral center. Only patients with confirmed HGD/EAC from initial endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) were included. Potential predictive variables including clinical characteristics, endoscopic features, and index histologic parameters of the EMR specimens were evaluated using multivariate Cox regression. Results A total of 457 patients were diagnosed with HGD/EAC by initial EMR from January 2008 to January 2019. Of these, 366 patients who underwent subsequent endoscopic treatment with or without RFA were included. Cumulative incidence rates at 3 years for CE-N and CE-IM were 91.4% (95% CI 87.8-94.2%) and 66.8% (95% CI 61.2-72.3%), respectively during a median follow-up period of 35 months. BE segment of 3-10 cm (HR 0.45;95% CI 0.36-0.57) and > 10 cm (HR 0.25;95% CI 0.15-0.40) were independent clinical predictors associated with failure to achieve CE-N. With respect to CE-IM, increasing age (HR 0.88;95% CI 0.78-1.00) was another predictor along with BE segment of 3-10 cm (HR 0.37;95% CI 0.28-0.49) and > 10 cm (HR 0.15;95% CI 0.07-0.30). Lymphovascular invasion increased the risk of CE-N and CE-IM failure in EAC cases. Conclusion Failure to achieve CE-N and CE-IM is associated with long-segment BE and other clinical variables. Patients with these predictors should be considered for a more intensive endoscopic treatment approach at expert centers.

关键词： Enneking   Pathological fracture   Benign bone lesions   Conservative   Surgical interventions   Simple bone cyst   Non-ossifying fibroma  

摘要： Background: Presentation of benign lesions with a pathological fracture may be confusing to general orthopedic surgeons regarding missing a fracture in a pathological bone, the need for special care for these lesions, and the potential for healing of these fractures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the treatment of patients with stages 1 and 2 Enneking benign bone-tumors presented with pathological fractures. Methods: This retrospective study included 66 patients who presented with a pathological fracture through stage 1 or 2 Enneking benign bone lesions and were received at the emergency unit of the orthopedic department between 2014 and 2018. Demographic data and patient's evaluation were collected. Lesion-size (length, width, and depth) was calculated from the X-ray. Surgical intervention was planned in 28 patients. The indication for surgery was either fracture fixation or curettage of the lesion with or without augmentation. There were no repeated surgeries or local recurrences. The filling of the cavity was classified according to modified Neer's classification. Results: Sixty-six patients, 45 males, and 21 females were included. Forty-two affections were right while 24 were left. The mean age was 14.9 +/- 8.6 (range, 3-40) years. The most common radiological diagnoses were simple bone-cysts 43.9% (n = 29), followed by non-ossifying fibroma 27.3% (n = 18). The mean length of the lesions was 4.4 +/- 2.6 (range, 1 -12) cm, width was 1.6 +/- 0.8 (range, 0.3-4.5) cm, and depth was 1.8 +/- 0.9 (range, 0.3 -5) cm. The mean follow-up was 24.15 +/- 18.7 months. Minor complications occurred in 7 patients (10.6%). Fifty-four out of 65 lesions (83%) showed either almost complete or partial filling of the lesions. There was no significant difference regarding the filling of the lesions according to the modified Neer's classification between those who were treated conservatively and those who underwent surgical intervent

关键词： SARS-CoV-2   Covid-19   Acute respiratory failure   Transbronchial biopsy   Pathology   Lung histology  

摘要： We present results from clinical, radiologic, gas exchange, lung mechanics, and fibre-optic bronchoscopy-guided transbronchial biopsies in a case of acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). This report highlights the pulmonary, immunological, and inflammatory changes found during acute diffuse alveolar damage and the later organizing phase. An early diffuse alveolar damage pattern with predominant epithelial involvement with active recruitment of T cells and monocytes was observed followed by a late organizing pattern with pneumocyte hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration, prominent endotheliitis, and secondary germinal centers. The patient's deterioration paralleling the late immuno-pathological findings based the decision to administer intravenous corticosteroids, resulting in clinical, gasometric, and radiologic improvement. We believe that real-time clinicopathological correlation, along with the description of the immunological processes at play, will contribute to the full clinical picture of Covid-19 and might lead to a more rational approach in the precise timing of anti-inflammatory, anti-cytokine, or steroid therapies.

关键词： COVID-19   College student   Depressive symptoms   Anxiety   Substance use  

摘要： College students have experienced significant disruptions related to COVID-19, and limited international data suggest they may be at elevated risk for mental health symptom increases related to COVID. Given their potentially elevated risk, our aim was to evaluate differences from pre-college closures to post-closure in mental health symptoms, alcohol, and cannabis use. Participants (N = 4749) were from seven U.S. public universities/colleges. They were 70.1 % female and 48.5 % white, non-Hispanic/Latino, with 48.1 % in their first college/ university year. 30-day retrospective assessments of alcohol and cannabis use, and past 2-week retrospective assessments of anxiety, depression, anger, and insomnia were captured at the time of the survey. We examined differences between those providing data pre- and post-university closure via linear and negative binomial regressions. Alcohol and cannabis use days were 13 % and 24 % higher, respectively, from pre-to post-university closure;also, prevalence of any 30-day alcohol use and alcohol use consequences were both higher in the post-closure sample (odds ratios = 1.34 and 1.31, respectively). In contrast, days of binge alcohol use were 4 % lower in the post-closing sample. Depressive symptoms and anger were both modestly higher in post-closing participants (d < 0.1), with no differences in anxiety symptoms or insomnia. The modest differences in substance use and mental health from pre-closure through two months post-college closure suggest unexpected resilience in a large and diverse sample of students. College health providers will need to identify those students experiencing the greatest increases in mental health symptoms and substance use, using innovative outreach and treatment.

关键词： antioxidants   fibrillin-1   hyperthyroidism   ovary   oxidants   rats   vitamin D  

摘要： Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of vitamin D on oxidative damage and fibrosis in rat ovaries induced by experimental hyperthyroidism. Methods This study is a comparative, prospective experimental rat study. Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into four groups. Only distilled water was given to the rats in group 1 for 25 days. In group 2, 100 mu g/day L-thyroxine was given to rats for 25 days. In Group 3, 100 mu g/day L-thyroxine and 200 IU/day vitamin D were given to rats for 25 days. In group 4, only 200 IU/day vitamin D was administered for 25 days. Results This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of vitamin D against ovarian damage caused by experimental hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism caused fibrotic degenerative changes in the ovaries and an increase in the fibrillin 1 score. It caused serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to increase and serum E2 levels to decrease. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels increased in rats with hyperthyroidism. Vitamin D decreased MDA and TOS values and increased total antioxidant status (TAS) values in rats with hyperthyroidism. It also increased TSH values by causing a decrease in TT3 and TT4 values. It decreased fibrosis, follicle degeneration, stromal degeneration, and fibrillin 1 score in ovarian tissue. Conclusion Vitamin D has positive histopathological and biochemical effects on the oxidative stress and follicle damage caused by hyperthyroidism in ovarian tissue. Human studies with larger case populations should be conducted to evaluate the effects and clinical applications of vitamin D.