教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： parkinsonism   cognitive disorders   systematic review  

摘要： Mild parkinsonian signs (MPS) have been widely studied during the past 3 decades and proposed as a risk marker for neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review explores the epidemiology, clinical and prognostic associations, radiological features, and pathological findings associated with MPS in older adults free from neurodegenerative disease. We find that MPS as currently defined are strongly associated with increasing age and increased risk of development of Parkinson's disease (PD), all-cause dementia, disability, and death. Positive associations with later PD are found mainly in younger populations and those with other features of prodromal PD. There are currently no consistent radiological findings for MPS, and pathological studies have shown that MPS, at least in the oldest old, are often underpinned by mixed neuropathologies, including those associated with Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, nigral neuronal loss, and Lewy bodies. Different subcategories of MPS appear to convey varying risk and specificity for PD and other outcomes. MPS overall are not specific for parkinsonian disorders and, although associated with increased risk of PD, can reflect multiple pathologies, particularly in older individuals. "Mild motor signs" appears a more appropriate term to avoid prognostic and pathological implications, and larger future studies to prospectively examine outcomes and associations of specific MPS subcategories are required. (c) 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

关键词： feline   fibrosis   left atrium   morphometry  

摘要： Although atrial dilation is a common finding in feline cardiac disease, detailed investigations of atrial pathology are rare in cats. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between pathohistological findings, morphometric data and the degree of dilation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) in 53 cats. Based on the LAA volume, the samples were grouped into normal/control (group 0, <= 1 ml [n = 9]), mildly dilated (group 1, >1 to <= 2 ml [n = 16]), moderately dilated (group 2, >2 to <= 3 ml [n = 14]) and markedly dilated (group 3, >3 ml [n = 14]) groups, independent of the underlying disease. Samples from the LAA and the left atrium (LA) were histologically evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin- and Picrosirius red-stained sections, and morphometrically analysed using an image analysis system. The degree of endo-, myo- and epicardial fibrosis was directly correlated with increased LAA dilation. Due to cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, the mean thickness of the atrial wall was significantly greater in groups 1 and 2 than in group 0. Conversely, group 3 had a lower mean atrial wall thickness than groups 1 and 2, which was attributed to increased transmural fibrosis and cardiomyocyte atrophy. These findings reflect intensive dynamic remodelling processes during LA and LAA dilation, indicating that reversibility appears to be limited in cases of severe left atrial dilation. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Protein   Epitope   Assay   Neo-epitope   Collagen   Formation   Degradation  

摘要： Objectives: There is a need for precision medicine and an unspoken promise of an optimal approach for identification of the right patients for value-based medicine based on big data. However, there may be a misconception that measurement of proteins is more valuable than measurement of fewer selected biomarkers. In populationbased research, variation may be somewhat eliminated by quantity. However, this fascination of numbers may limit the attention to and understanding of the single. This review highlights that protein measurements (with collagens as examples) may mean different things depending on the targeted epitope - formation or degradation of tissues, and even signaling potential of proteins. Design and Methods: PubMed was searched for collagen, neo-epitope, biomarkers. Results: Ample examples of assays with specific epitopes, either pathological such as HbA1c, or domain specific such as pro-peptides, which total protein arrays would not have identified were evident. Conclusions: We suggest that big data may be considered as the funnel of data points, in which most important parameters will be selected. If the technical precision is low or the biological accuracy is limited, and we include suboptimal quality of biomarkers, disguised as big data, we may not be able to fulfill the promise of helping patients searching for the optimal treatment. Alternatively, if the technical precision of the total protein quantification is high, but we miss the functional domains with the most considerable biological meaning, we miss the most important and valuable information of a given protein. This review highlights that measurements of the same protein in different ways may provide completely different meanings. We need to understand the pathological importance of each epitope quantified to maximize protein measurements.

关键词： Childhood maltreatment   Intimate relationships   Psychopathology   Anxious attachment   Avoidant attachment   Mediation  

摘要： Background: Adults with a history of childhood maltreatment are more likely to experience distrust, feel distant from others, and develop an insecure attachment style which may also affect relationship quality. Furthermore, childhood maltreatment has been linked to several mental health problems;including, depression, anxiety, and alcohol dependance severity, that are also known to relationship quality. Objective: The current study was designed to investigate to what extent childhood maltreatment is associated with adult insecure attachment and intimate relationships and whether this association is mediated by psychopathology. Participants and Method: In a study comprised of 2035 adults aged 18-65, we investigated whether childhood maltreatment was associated with insecure adult attachment styles and the quality of intimate relationships and whether this was mediated by depression, anxiety, and alcohol dependence severity (based on repeated assessments of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report, Beck Anxiety Index, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test respectively). Results: The path model showed an acceptable fit, RMSEA = 0.05, and suggested full mediation of the association of childhood maltreatment with quality of intimate relationships by depression severity and a) anxious attachment (13 = -4.0 * 10-2;95% CI = -5.5 * 10-2, -2.7 * 10-2) and b) avoidant attachment (13 = -7.2 * 10-2;95% CI = -9.6 * 10-2, -4.9 * 10-2). Anxiety and alcohol dependence severity were not significant mediators. Conclusions: Childhood maltreatment is associated with a lower quality of intimate relationships, which is fully mediated by depression severity and insecure attachment styles.

关键词： machine learning   magnetic resonance imaging   radiomic   craniopharyngioma  

摘要： Background Preoperative, noninvasive discrimination of the craniopharyngioma subtypes is important because it influences the treatment strategy. Purpose To develop a radiomic model based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive discrimination of pathological subtypes of craniopharyngioma. Study Type Retrospective. Population A total of 164 patients from two medical centers were enrolled in this study. Patients from the first medical center were divided into a training cohort (N = 99) and an internal validation cohort (N = 33). Patients from the second medical center were used as the external independent validation cohort (N = 32). Field Strength/Sequence Axial T-1-weighted (T-1-w), T-2-weighted (T-2-w), contrast-enhanced T-1-weighted (CET1-w) on 3.0 T or 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanners. Assessment Pathological subtypes (squamous papillary craniopharyngioma and adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma) were confirmed by surgery and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Optimal radiomic feature selection was performed by SelectKBest, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, and support vector machine (SVM) with a recursive feature elimination algorithm. Models based on each sequence or combinations of sequences were built using a SVM classifier and used to differentiate pathological subtypes of craniopharyngioma in the training cohort, internal validation, and external validation cohorts. Statistical Tests The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the radiomic models. Results Seven texture features, three from T-1-w, two from T-2-w, and two from CET1-w, were selected and used to construct the radiomic model. The AUC values of the radiomic model were 0.899, 0.810, and 0.920 in the training cohort, internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. The AUC values of the clinicoradiological model were 0.677, 0.655, and 0.671 in the training cohort, internal and e

关键词： depression   eating disorders   gender   prevalence   PTSD   race   shame   veterans  

摘要： Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) are a well-studied public health issue in the general population. Less is known, however, about the prevalence of such conditions and levels of comorbid psychopathology among military and veteran populations. The current study sought to describe the probable prevalence of EDs and levels of comorbid psychopathology using a racially diverse treatment-seeking sample of US veteran men and women. Method: Veterans (N =254) presenting for routine clinical care completed self-report questionnaires assessing EDs, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and shame. Results: Thirty-one percent of the sample met probable criteria for either bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder, or purging disorder. Although overall ED prevalence estimates were similar across men and women, estimates of BN were higher among Black veterans compared to White veterans or veterans who identified as a race other than Black or White. Further, mean levels of psychopathology were significantly higher in veterans with a probable ED compared to those without. Discussion: This study extends previous research and highlights the importance of establishing dedicated ED screening programs within the Veterans Health Administration.

关键词： Magnifying endoscopy   Histopathology  

摘要： Recent advances in magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging/blue laser imaging have aided in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions. However, it requires knowledge of the relationship between magnifying endoscopic and histopathological images. We propose a novel method which makes possible a complete correspondence between magnifying endoscopic and histopathological images at the single glandular duct level. The KOTO method II enables three-dimensional visualization of the correlation between the endoscopic surface pattern of the mucosa and histopathological images. This method may be helpful in the development of diagnosis using magnifying endoscopy.

关键词： growth   histology   jewel cichlid   pigmentation   red pepper  

摘要： This study was conducted to investigate effects of different ratios of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), hepatopancreas histopathology, skin and tail coloration of jewel cichlid (Hemichromis guttatus). Five isonitrogenous (370 g/kg(1)) and isoenergetic (3831 kcall/kg(-1)) experimental diets were prepared by adding of 3%, 7%, 11% and % 15 red peppers to diet. In the experiment, fifteen fish (initial weight 3.43 +/- 0.03 g) were stocked into each aquarium as three replicate. The fish were fed as ad libitum for 90 days. The end of the experiment, growth performances and FCR of fish fed diet containing red pepper showed no significant differences when compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p > 0.05). However, fish fed a diet containing 3% and 7% red pepper meal showed higher growth values than fish fed with 11% and 15% red pepper meal (p < 0.05). Addition of red peppers at a different ratio to diet improved coloration of jewel cichlid. Redness (a*) values in the skin and tail were increased in fish fed red pepper supplemented to diet. (b*) values in skin of fish fed with red pepper supplemented diets were higher than in the control group. At the histopathological examination of the hepatopancreas, there were no pathological findings in the control and 3% pepper added groups. Slight to moderate lipidosis was observed in 7, 11 and 15% pepper added groups. These results suggested that 3% red pepper in diet can be used to obtained good coloration without affecting jewel cichlid health.

关键词： phylogenic tree   Shandong   surveillance   wild swan  

摘要： In January 2021, an outbreak of H5N8 subtype avian influenza was identified from wild mute swans (Cygnus olor) in an overwintering site located within Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve in Shandong, China, for the first time. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genome segments of the virus, named A/mute swan/Shandong/1/2021 (H5N8), and explored the genetic characterization and comparative phylogenetic analysis to track its origin. The wild swans prior to death showed nervous signs accompanied by a twisted neck. The major pathological changes of the heart, lung, trachea, kidney, spleen, and glandular stomach were hemorrhage, and extensive necrotic lesions in the liver and pancreas were also observed. Further analysis of the HA and NA phylogenetic trees generated by H5N8 strains isolated worldwide revealed that the isolate has a close genetic relationship with the H5N8 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) recently isolated in Korea and Japan from 2020 to 2021, suggesting the potential role of mute swans in the global dissemination of the H5N8 subtype AIVs along the migration routes. Therefore, enhanced active surveillance in wild and domestic birds is required to monitor the introduction and spread of the H5N8 subtype AIV by migratory birds in order to decrease the risk of H5N8 outbreaks.