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关键词： antioxidant capacity   paclitaxel   sperm parameters   thymoquinone  

摘要： This study was aimed to evaluate therapeutic effects of thymoquinone on male reproductive damages induced by paclitaxel. Forty-eight male rats were divided;control, paclitaxel (4 mg/kg), paclitaxel + thymoquinone (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) and thymoquinone (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg). Paclitaxel and thymoquinone were administrated intraperitoneally for 4 and 14 days respectively. Then, the testes were removed for H&E staining, sperm parameters and apoptotic genes expression assessments. Serum levels of nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity and testosterone were evaluated, and sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed. Paclitaxel significantly (p < .05) increased nitric oxide, decreased total antioxidant capacity and reduced testosterone levels than control group. Sperm motility, viability and count were significantly (p < .05) reduced in paclitaxel group than control. Co-administration of thymoquinone + paclitaxel caused decreased levels of nitric oxide and increased total antioxidant capacity, testosterone levels and reproductive parameters than paclitaxel group significantly (p < .05). Paclitaxel significantly (p < .05) increased caspase-3 and p-53 and decreased Bcl-2 genes expression than control. Sperm DNA fragmentation index was also increased significantly (p < .05) in paclitaxel group than control, and this value was decreased in whole doses of paclitaxel + thymoquinone groups than paclitaxel. Thymoquinone can alleviate the side effects of paclitaxel on the male reproductive system.

关键词： multiple sclerosis   natalizumab   plasma cells   progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)   tysabri  

摘要： Natalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha 4 subunit of the integrins alpha 4ss1 and alpha 4ss7, has been approved for the treatment of active relapsing-remitting MS. Although natalizumab is a highly beneficial drug that effectively reduces the risk of sustained disability progression and the rate of clinical relapses, some patients do not respond to it, and some are at higher risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The histopathological effects after natalizumab therapy are still unknown. We, therefore, performed a detailed histological characterization of the CNS inflammatory cell infiltrate of 24 brain specimens from natalizumab treated patients, consisting of 20 biopsies and 4 autopsies and 21 MS controls. To complement the analysis, immune cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 30 natalizumab-treated patients and 42 MS controls were quantified by flow cytometry. Inflammatory infiltrates within lesions were mainly composed of T cells and macrophages, some B cells, plasma cells, and dendritic cells. There was no significant difference in the numbers of T cells or macrophages and microglial cells in lesions of natalizumab-treated patients as compared to controls. A shift towards cytotoxic T cells of a memory phenotype was observed in the CSF. Plasma cells were significantly increased in active demyelinating lesions of natalizumab-treated patients, but no correlation to clinical disability was observed. Dendritic cells within lesions were found to be reduced with longer ongoing therapy duration. Our findings suggest that natalizumab does not completely prevent immune cells from entering the CNS and is associated with an accumulation of plasma cells, the pathogenic and clinical significance of which is not known. As B cells are considered to serve as a reservoir of the JC virus, the observed plasma cell accumulation and reduction in dendritic cells in the CNS of natalizumab-treated patien

关键词： otopathology   presbycusis   indeterminate presbycusis   cochlear conductive presbycusis   incudomalleolar joint  

摘要： Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a prevalent condition attributed primarily to inner ear dysfunction. Little is known about age-related changes in the ossicular joints or their contribution to presbycusis. Herein, we performed a histopathologic analysis of the incudomalleolar joint (IMJ) in specimens from the National Temporal Bone Registry with audiometrically confirmed presbycusis but without histologically observed sensory, neural, strial, or mixed features. Seventeen "indeterminate" presbycusis (IP) ears and 13 young, normal-hearing ears were examined. The age was 73.2 +/- 9.5 years for the IP group and 32.1 +/- 9.5 for the young group (P < .05). The joint space between the 2 ossicles was 23% wider in the IP group (139 +/- 26.2 mu m) compared to young ears (113 +/- 49.0 mu m) (P = .02). We report that IP ears have a wider IMJ than young ears. These findings have implications for understanding the etiology of presbycusis in indeterminate cases.

关键词： Lymph node   Metastasis   Urothelial carcinoma   Size of metastasis   Sum of metastasis  

摘要： Purpose Pathological evaluation of pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection (PLND) is important for management of cystectomy patients. However, challenges such as unclear interobserver variability of LN counting remain. Here, we assess interobserver variability of LN measures and their clinical utility, with a focus on variant histology. Methods We retrieved radical cystectomy cases with PLND between 2010 and 2016 and reevaluated pathological parameters;number of total and metastatic LN, LN density (LND), length of metastatic LN and metastases, extranodal extension (ENE). Results We report 96 patients: median age of 71a, 34 cases pN+, 36 cases with any extent of variant histology, median follow-up 10 months. Perivesical LN were only rarely identified, but frequently metastatic (4/9). Variant histology (34 cases) frequently exhibited LN metastasis (53% of pN+ cases). Interobserver variance was poor for total LN (kappa = 0.167), excellent for positive LN (0.85) and pN staging (0.96), and mediocre for LND (0.53). ROC analysis suggests that both LND and the sum of LN metastasis length may predict outcome (AUC 0.83 and 0.75, respectively). Conclusion Our study confirms the notion of LND as a prognostic measure, but cautions due to strong interobserver variance of LN counts. The sum length of LN metastases could be a measure that is independent of LN counts. We find that microscopically identified perivesical LN merit particular attention. In summary, our study highlights current challenges in pathological reporting of PLND, confirms previous observations and forms a basis for further studies.

关键词： Quality of life   Surgery   Medicine/Public Health   general   Urology   Reproductive Medicine   Andrology  

摘要： This article presents a retrospective descriptive analysis about female-to-male (FtM) gender-affirmation nongenital surgical procedures involving the gynecological team at the CIDIGeM (Centro Interdipartimentale Disturbi di Identita di Genere Molinette) Center in Turin. From 2004 to 2019, seventy FtM transsexual patients underwent hysteroannessiectomy: the chosen surgical technique involved a Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. The patients presented a median age of 30.5 years (range 21-53). No patients presented intraoperative complications, the median of surgery time was 80 min (range 40-150) and the hospital stay median was 5 days (range: 2-25). Histopathological examinations were negative for cancer in all patients except for one unknown case of grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy is confirmed to be the method of choice in the group of FtM transsexuals: this approach has several advantages over abdominal hysterectomy, including more rapid recovery, fewer wound or abdominal wall infections;moreover, it has enabled us to preserve the vital structures needed for reconstruction of external genitalia. Cancer risk is still considered an area of priority in transgender research;thus, we underline the importance of performing a histopathological examination of the surgical specimen.

关键词： Emigration and immigration   Jews   National Socialism   Austria   Pathology  

摘要： When Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to the German Reich in 1938, the famous Jewish oral pathologist Bernhard Gottlieb was in great distress. The Viennese university teacher immediately lost his employment and teaching authority and was forced to emigrate. While Gottlieb's exceptional scientific position in oral pathology is well documented, the complex implications of his deprivation of rights and forced emigration in the Third Reich have so far received little attention. Against this background, the present contribution poses the question of the concrete effects of this drastic event on Gottlieb's life and work. In order to clarify this question, Gottlieb's career status, his scientific success up to 1938, the concrete background of his forced emigration, as well as the further course of his life and career in the USA (his immigration country) are scrutinized. In addition, the paper analyzes the extent to which Gottlieb was able to build on his professional career after 1945 and posthumously. The work is based on a thorough analysis of Gottlieb's academic career using archival sources and a re-analysis of the relevant research literature. The study concludes that Gottlieb suffered a severe setback after his emigration. Several reasons played a role. In particular, cultural and age-related adjustment problems, difficult local conditions, and scarce financial resources hampered the seamless continuation of Gottlieb's career in the USA. Only in the last two decades have efforts been made, particularly in the environment of the University of Vienna, to bring Bernhard Gottlieb and his scientific achievements back into collectivememory.

关键词： autopsy   central nervous system   COVID-19   histology   neurological manifestation   neuropathology  

摘要： SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the new coronavirus responsible for the pandemic disease in the last year, is able to affect the central nervous system (CNS). Compared with its well-known pulmonary tropism and respiratory complications, little has been studied about SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism and pathogenesis of its neurological manifestations, but also about postmortem histopathological findings in the CNS of patients who died from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). We present a systematic review, carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review standards, of the neuropathological features of COVID-19. We found 21 scientific papers, the majority of which refer to postmortem examinations;the total amount of cases is 197. Hypoxic changes are the most frequently reported alteration of brain tissue, followed by ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. These findings do not seem to be specific to SARS-CoV-2 infection, they are more likely because of systemic inflammation and coagulopathy caused by COVID-19. More studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and to detect other possible alterations of neural tissue. Brain examination of patients dead from COVID-19 should be included in a protocol of standardized criteria to perform autopsies on these subjects.

摘要： Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) currently constitute 40% of the US population and will become the majority by 2045. Current mental health systems have not sufficiently accounted for disparities, inequities, and social determinants impacting BIPOC lives. We outline several advances that could improve mental health disparities research. Research on BIPOC requires mental health assessment accurately capturing multiple facets of one's identity, taking into account the complexities of multifaceted historical oppression. Assessing (personality) psychopathology in a dimensional and hierarchical manner could provide greater insight into mental health disparities between diverse identity individuals. We encourage studying moderators that are protective assets for BIPOC-such as resiliency and community factors-as opposed to deficit-dominant, category-based, and majority-dominant assessments.

ISBN: (纸本)9787030701251

关键词： allograft injury   contrast-enhanced ultrasound   kidney transplantation   time-intensity curve  

摘要： Objective To identify specific quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters that could distinguish kidney transplants with significant histopathological injury. Methods Sixty-four patients were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Biopsies were performed following CEUS and blood examination. Results 28 biopsy specimens had minimal changes (MC group), while 36 had significant injury (SI group). Of these, 12 had rejection (RI group) and 24 non-rejection injury (NRI group). In RI and NRI groups, temporal difference in time to peak (TTP) between medulla and cortex (Delta TTPm-c) was significantly shorter compared to the MC group (5.77, 5.92, and 7.94 s, P = 0.048 and 0.026, respectively). Additionally, RI group had significantly shorter medullary TTP compared to the MC group (27.75 vs. 32.26 s;P = 0.03). In a subset of 41 patients with protocol biopsy at 1-year post-transplant, Delta TTPm-c was significantly shorter in the SI compared to the MC group (5.67 vs. 7.67 s;P = 0.024). Area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for Delta TTPm-c was 0.69 in all patients and 0.71 in patients with protocol biopsy. Conclusions RI and NRI groups had shorter Delta TTPm-c compared to the MC group. AUROCs for both patient groups were good, making Delta TTPm-c a promising CEUS parameter for distinguishing patients with significant histopathological injury.