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关键词： dog   excisional biopsy   lymphadenectomy   lymphocyte   morphotype  

摘要： Core-needle biopsy (CNB) is now widely used to diagnose and classify human lymphoma. Few studies, how-ever, have reported the use of CNB in veterinary medicine for dogs with suspected lymphoma. The present study evaluated the efficacy of CNB sample collection to diagnose canine multicentric lymphoma morphol-ogy. 16 dogs of varying breeds with generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy and cytopathologic features suggestive of lymphoma were enrolled in the study. CNB followed by lymphadenectomy of the left popliteal lymph node was performed. Both samples underwent histopathologic evaluation. Among the 16 dogs, 14 had lymphoma. CNB was positive for lymphoma in 12 (85.7%) of these 14 dogs. CNB analysis for diagnosing dogs with multicentric lymphoma exhibited a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%. CNB was effective in generalized lymphadenopathies toward achieving a differential diagnosis and microscopic evaluation of multicentric lymphoma in dogs, revealing essential features for morphologic classification, such as cell size, histopathologic type, and grade. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Eye   Tumor   Ocular surface   Anterior segment optical coherence tomography   AS-OCT   Ocular surface squamous neoplasia   OSSN   Histopathology  

摘要： Purpose To assess the correlation between clinical and anterior segment optical coherence tomographic (AS-OCT) details and histopathological changes in various ocular surface lesions. Methods Prospective case series of 70 lesions in 65 patients. Results AS-OCT revealed epithelial changes in OSSN (n = 19;44%), squamous papilloma (n = 3;60%), nevus (n = 1;33%), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 1;33%), granular dystrophy (n = 1;100%) and granulation tissue (n = 1;100%);subepithelial changes in chronic inflammation (n = 4, 100%), lymphoma (n = 3;100%) and arteriovenous malformation (n = 1;100%);combined epithelial and subepithelial changes in OSSN (n = 24;56%), squamous papilloma (n = 2;40%), PEH (n = 3;100%), nevus (n = 2;67%), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 2;67%), solar elastosis (n = 1;100%), lobular capillary hemangioma (n = 1;100%) and sebaceous carcinoma (n = 1;100%). Epithelial involvement on AS-OCT paralleled the histopathological findings in 98% (n = 69) and subepithelial involvement in 83% (n = 58). The correlation of clinico-tomographic diagnosis with histopathology diagnosis was seen in 77% (n = 54) lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of AS-OCT as a diagnostic tool for detection of epithelial involvement were 100% and 92% and for subepithelial involvement was 98% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion The correlation between AS-OCT and histopathology features determining epithelial and subepithelial involvement is excellent. It is a useful adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of ocular surface lesions.

关键词： Non-small-cell lung cancer   Medicine/Public Health   general   Pathology   Laboratory Medicine  

摘要： For neoadjuvant therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the major pathologic response of primary tumors may be an assessable and reliable surrogate measure of survival. Few studies have examined the pathologic evaluation of metastatic lymph node responses and their prognostic significance. This retrospective study enrolled 336 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, n = 216;adenocarcinoma, n = 120) treated with neoadjuvant therapy including chemotherapy (n = 316) and targeted therapy (adenocarcinoma, n = 20). The treatment response of the primary tumor and lymph node metastases (LNM) were pathologically assessed according to the multidisciplinary recommendations of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. The relationship of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with the responses of the primary tumor or LNM was analyzed. The optimal cutoff value of the residual viable tumor (%RVT) of the primary tumor was 12% for both OS (P < 0.001) and DFS (P < 0.001). The pathologic assessment identified LNM in 208 patients. The optimal %RVT cutoff value in LNM was 8% for both OS (P = 0.003) and DFS (P < 0.001). The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between primary tumors and corresponding LNM was 0.487 for %RVT (P < 0.001), which indicated a positive correlation. On multivariable analysis, an RVT of the primary tumor <= 12% was an independent prognostic factor for improved OS (P = 0.024), whereas an RVT of LNM <= 8% was an independent prognostic factor for increased DFS (P = 0.018). Furthermore, in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, the optimal %RVT cutoff values for OS in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in the primary tumor were 12% and 58%, respectively. Considering its convenience and operability in clinical application, a 10% threshold RVT value can be used for prognostic evaluation of LNM and primary tumors of squamous cell carcinoma histology;further studies are neede

关键词： CDH17   CDX2   hepatocellular carcinoma   SATB2   survival  

摘要： Aims Data regarding expression of intestinal markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited. We determined the clinicopathological associations of cytokeratin (CK)19, a progenitor liver epithelial cell marker as well as biliary epithelial marker, and intestinal immunohistochemical markers expression in HCC and assessed their prognostic value. Methods and results Tissue sections and/or tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 202 known HCCs were immunostained using CK19, CK20, CDH17, CDX2 and SATB2 antibodies. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides were reviewed for tumour grading. Clinical and oncological outcomes were retrieved. Associations of staining with clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were evaluated. CK19, CK20, CDH17, CDX2 and SATB2 were positive in 12.8, 5.4, 10.3, 8.6 and 59.9%, respectively. All but SATB2 were strongly associated with higher tumour grade and AFP levels > 400 ng/ml (P < 0.05). CK19-positive HCC were more likely to express CDX2 (P = 0.001), CDH17 (P < 0.001) and/or CK20 (P = 0.012). CK20, CDX2 and CDH17 co-expression was seen in five cases (2.5%). CK19 and SATB2 positivity, tumour size >= 5 cm, background cirrhosis, AFP > 400 ng/ml and having no treatment were associated with decreased overall survival by log-rank test and univariable proportional hazards regression. However, in a multivariable model, CK19 and SATB2 positivity were not independent predictors of decreased survival while their association with known poor prognosticators in HCC was evident. Conclusions HCC can express markers of intestinal differentiation. This phenotypical aberrancy correlates with variable clinicopathological parameters, some of which are independent predictors of poor survival.

关键词： Rectal neoplasms   Radiomics   Delta-radiomics   Pathological complete response   Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy  

摘要： Rationale and Objectives: To investigate the capability of delta-radiomics to predict pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 165 consecutive patients with LARC (training set, n =116;test set, n = 49) who received nCRT before surgery. All patients underwent pre-and post-nCRT MRI examination from which radiomics features were extracted. A delta-radiomics feature was defined as the percentage change in a radiomics feature from pre-to post-nCRT MRI. A data reduction and feature selection process including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was performed for building T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) delta-radiomics signature. Logistic regression was used to build a T2WI and DWI combined radiomics model. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to assess diagnostic performance. Delong method was used to compare the performance of delta-radiomics model with that of magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG). Results: Twenty-seven of 165 patients (16.4%) achieved pCR. T2WI and DWI delta-radiomics signature, and the combined model showed good predictive performance for pCR. The combined model achieved the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.85-0.98) and 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.83-0.99) in the training and test sets, respectively (significantly greater than those for mrTRG;training set, p < 0.001;test set, p = 0.04). Conclusion: MRI-based delta-radiomics can help predict pCR after nCRT in patients with LARC with better performance than mrTRG.

关键词： clodronate   osteoradionecrosis   pentoxifylline   tocopherol  

摘要： Aim: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws is a debilitating complication of radiotherapy (RT), frequently used in the management of head and neck cancer (HNC). Medical management using pentoxifylline, tocopherol (vitamin E) (PENTO) and clodronate (PENTOCLO) has slowly increased in popularity as a treatment strategy for ORN. Though encouraging results have been reported there remains high levels of scepticism about its use in severe ORN. The current article highlights Notani grade III osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws, all with pathological fractures managed effectively with either PENTO or PENTOCLO using case examples. Materials & Methods: Eight cases of severe ORN managed by medical management are retrospectively reported with three case reports detailed further including radiographs. Results: All cases show positive outcomes with healing of ORN with either bony or fibrous union of fractured jaws with medical management. Conclusion: These case examples provide clinical evidence that medical management can provide an alternative strategy even in the most extreme cases of ORN. © 2020 The British Association of Oral Surgeons and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

关键词： Arsenic   Zinc   Liver   Kidney   Antioxidant defense system  

摘要： Consumption of arsenic-contaminated drinking water has become major global health concern. One of the major mechanism responsible for the toxicity of arsenicals is the generation of oxidative stress. Zinc, a nutritional antioxidant, plays key role in maintaining various cellular pathways. The present study was aimed at elucidating the effects of zinc supplementation on hepatic and renal tissue damage caused by arsenic exposure to rats. Rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control;As administered;Zn supplemented;combined zinc;and arsenic supplemented. Arsenic exposure resulted in significantly elevated accumulation of arsenic in the liver and kidney tissue. In the liver, exposure to arsenic reduced the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), total glutathione (TG), redox ratio, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas lipid peroxidation (LPO), inflammation markers, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were elevated with no significant change in catalase (CAT) activity. Arsenic exposure also enhanced the serum levels of liver functional indices and histological abnormalities in liver sections. In the kidney, a significant increase in NO levels and decrease in SOD activity was observed, with no significant changes in the rest of the parameters. The administration of zinc- to arsenic-intoxicated animals significantly improved their hepatic function parameters, arsenic burden, and histological changes which were associated with the restoration of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system as compared to their intoxicated counterparts. In the kidney also, the NO levels and SOD activity were restored. This data reveals that zinc is effective in ameliorating the toxic effects inflicted by chronic arsenic toxicity.

关键词： areca nut   betel quid   oral lichenoid lesions   oral submucous fibrosis  

摘要： Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition of the oral cavity associated with habitual chewing of quid, with a high incidence among populations of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Clinically, its initial manifestation may mimic oral lichen planus or lichen sclerosus. If the habit is not halted, the mucosa gets leathery and thickened, and fibrous bands form causing significant morbidity. Microscopically, it is characterized by atrophic epithelium, loss of rete ridges, and hyalinization of lamina propria. Of note, these hallmark histopathological features may be overlooked in the unusual presence of lichenoid interface changes, which may lead to the wrong diagnosis. We present herein five cases in which the rare joint appearance of OSF and lichenoid reaction features posed a diagnostic challenge. Due to its progressive nature and malignant potential, the presence of oral lichenoid changes overlying submucous hyalinization, in the right clinical and demographic setting, should raise suspicion of OSF and prompt actions directed at quid-chewing discontinuation.

关键词： hyperhidrosis   osmidrosis   microwave energy‐   based device   sweat glands   eccrine glands   apocrine glands   histopathological changes  

摘要： Background and Objectives To analyze histopathological changes and degree of damage to the axillary tissue due to single- and double-pass irradiation therapy using a microwave energy-based device. Study Design/Materials and Methods We included 15 axillary hyperhidrosis and axillary osmidrosis patients who received microwave irradiation therapy between March 2017 and March 2019. Ten patients underwent single-pass irradiation and five underwent double-pass irradiation, after which skin samples were collected from the right and left axillae for pathological analysis. Samples were taken in a consistent manner from Patient 6 onwards and a comparative study of five single-pass and five double-pass patients was conducted (n = 10). Results Histopathological analysis showed destruction and fibrosis in addition to necrosis and damage to the adipose tissue in apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. In the superficial microvasculature, blood vessel wall damage and thrombus formation were observed as well as damage in the hair follicles and hair bulbs. No obvious damage was observed in the epidermis and nerves. The amount of damage to sweat glands was higher in patients undergoing double-pass instead of single-pass irradiation. Conclusion From a histopathological point of view, microwave energy-based irradiation therapy can be considered efficient, as there was no damage to epidermis and nerves and favorable destruction of apocrine and eccrine glands. As the amount of damaged sweat glands was higher after double-pass irradiation, it can be considered more effective than single-pass irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. (c) 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.