教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Data Systems   Neoplasms   Retrospective Studies   Thyroid Gland   Thyroid Nodule   Ultrasonography   United Kingdom  

摘要： Introduction The British Thyroid Association (BTA) recommends ultrasound assessment of thyroid nodules using the U classification. The American College of Radiologists (ACR) recommend assessment with the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS). We conduct the first UK study to compare these two systems. Methods Ultrasound (US) reports of patients who underwent surgical excision of thyroid nodules over a 10-year period in one UK centre were reviewed. US findings were collected, and the classifications were retrospectively applied. The systems were compared to histopathological diagnosis. Results 308 nodules in 296 patients are included. 135 nodules (43.8%) were malignant. U classification showed sensitivity of 88.1% in recommending FNA, significantly higher than TIRADS at 73.3% (p = .0002). The U classification showed specificity of 41.6%, significantly lower than TIRADS at 64.2% (p=<0.0001). PPV between classifications at equivalent levels showed no significant difference at U3/TR-3 (p=.81), U4/TR-4 (p=.30) or U5/TR-5 (p=.90). Discussion Classification systems enable risk stratification of potentially malignant thyroid nodules. This study shows BTA U classification has a higher sensitivity but lower specificity than TIRADS.

关键词： histopathology   oral administration   Oreochromis niloticus   oxytetracycline  

关键词： cytokines   histopathology   postbiotic   rainbow trout  

关键词： Antibiotics   Fish   Ecotoxicology   Omics analysis  

摘要： Recently, the residues of quinolones have received widespread attention. However, toxicological studies on aquatic organisms are relatively scarce, especially on the liver metabolism and immune effects of these aquatic organisms. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of carp exposed to 0, 100 ng/L, and 1 mg/L norfloxacin (NOR) at environmental concentrations for 42 days. In this study, through transcriptomics analysis, we found that some genes involved in lipid metabolism, immune response, and cytochrome P450 metabolism, especially genes accounting for the metabolism-related disorders of glucose and lipid. Defects in these genes and thus their related pathways increase the risk of coming down with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Compared to those of the control, results from the biochemical indicators of the treatment group changed significantly, including levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. Moreover, our results confirmed that NOR at environmental concentrations disordered the metabolism of glucose and lipid in the carp also resulted in hepatocellular and nuclear enlargement. Our results, therefore, confirmed that long-term exposure to NOR can induce carp liver toxicity at histological, biochemical, and transcriptional levels and provided the latest data and theoretical basis for the toxicology study of quinolones in the natural environment.

关键词： hepatitis B virus   pathological inflammation degree   pyroptosis  

摘要： The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between liver pathological inflammation degree and pyroptosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). One hundred and twenty CHB patients' liver tissue samples, including A0-A3 inflammatory grades, were selected. Six tissue sections were selected for each indicator in each inflammation grade. The results of immunohistochemical analysis on the pyroptosis-related molecules (NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase1, interleukin [IL]-1 beta, and IL-18) were determined. The correlation between the pyroptosis-related molecules and liver inflammatory activities was analyzed. The expression of NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase1, IL-18, and IL-1 beta was respectively significantly positively correlated with the grade of inflammatory activity (r(s) = 0.690, p < 0.01;r(s) = 0.681, p < 0.01;r(s) = 0.540, p < 0.01;r(s) = 0.725, p < 0.01;r(s) = 0.663, p < 0.01) and linear relationship (chi(2) = 56.763, p < 0.01;chi(2) = 55.350, p < 0.01;chi(2) = 34.776, p < 0.01;chi(2) = 62.523, p < 0.01;chi(2) = 52.521, p < 0.01) in liver tissue. The high expression of NLRP3, GSDMD, caspase1, IL-1 beta, and IL-18 may be involved in the process of liver tissue inflammation and damage, which is positively correlated with liver tissue inflammation in patients with CHB.

关键词： calreticulin   Eriocheir sinensis   gill   hepatopancreas   salinity  

摘要： The growth, development and reproduction of Eriocheir sinensis are influenced by salinity changes. In order to study the response of juvenile Chinese mitten crab to salinity, the crabs were exposed to 5 salinity conditions (0, 3, 6, 12 and 18 parts per thousand) for 48 h. The calcium content was detected in the hepatopancreas, posterior gill, intestine, haemolymph, antennal gland and carapace. The hepatopancreas, posterior gills and intestines were selected for subsequent experiments, and their histopathological changes and calreticulin (CRT) gene expression levels were evaluated. The calcium content of hepatopancreas and intestine was highest at 6 parts per thousand salinity and that of gill at 3 parts per thousand salinity. With the increase in salinity, the degree of damage was more obvious in tissues. Compared with the control group (0 parts per thousand), CRT expression in the gills decreased significantly. However, in the hepatopancreas and intestine, CRT expression increased at 3 parts per thousand salinity and decreased at 3-6 parts per thousand salinity. Overall, our results showed that juvenile E. sinensis could survive short-term exposure to saline water within a certain salinity range (<18 parts per thousand). However, a high concentration of saline water exposed the juvenile crab to excessive stress, resulting in serious tissue damage, which was not conducive to the long-term survival of juvenile crabs.

摘要： Objectives To investigate the clinical and pathological features of multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) cases. Methods The clinical data of 24 105 tumour patients admitted to Jiangsu Cancer Hospital in 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and 270 patients with MPMNs were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 101 cases of synchronous carcinoma (SC) and 92 cases of metachronous carcinoma (MC) were divided into groups for statistical analysis. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0 software. Results Among 24 105 cases, there was a male-to-female ratio of 1.45:1. Compared with MC cases, SC patients have a higher proportion of male cases. Primary neoplasms in gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, oesophageal cancer and colon cancer occupied most cases in male MPMNs, while primary breast cancer ranked first in female MPMNs. In addition, the leading secondary neoplasms were duodenal carcinoma, lung cancer and male MPMNs and lung cancer in female MPMNs. As for SC MPMNs, primary neoplasms were occupied by lung cancer, gastric cancer and oesophageal cancer, while the secondary neoplasms were mostly consisted of oesophageal cancer and lung cancer. Finally, the MC MPMNs were mostly consisted of breast cancer and gastric cancer as primary neoplasms, while lung cancer and oesophageal cancer as secondary neoplasms. Conclusions Screening for primary cancer should be strengthened over the age of 50 years for male patients with gastric cancer or female patients with breast cancer to reduce or monitor the occurrence of MPMNs.

关键词： simulation   stuttering   simulation-based learning   speech and language pathologists   student learning  

摘要： Background Research suggests that some speech-language pathologists are uncomfortable treating people who stutter. Accessing quality clinical education experiences in stuttering is difficult given the ongoing rise in students enrolled in speech-language pathology programmes and the limited number of stuttering-specific placements available. Simulation-based learning is a viable option for providing speech-language pathology students with practical experience in a safe learning environment. Whilst research has found that simulation-based learning experiences in stuttering assist in the development of students' clinical skills, students' perceptions of participating in stuttering simulation-based learning are yet to be explored. Aims To investigate speech-language pathology students' comfort, anxiety, knowledge and confidence in the management of stuttering at the commencement of an academic stuttering course and before and following participation in a stuttering simulation-based learning programme. Methods & Procedures This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Participants were 105 undergraduate and graduate entry masters speech-language pathology students enrolled at an Australian university. Students engaged in a stuttering simulation-based learning programme embedded within an existing academic course on the management of stuttering. A purposefully developed survey was administered at three time points: pre-course (T1), pre-simulation (T2) and post-simulation (T3) in order to explore students' comfort and anxiety levels, and perceptions of their knowledge and confidence in stuttering management. Descriptive statistics were used to report the medians and range of students' responses. Changes across all time points and between each of the time points were determined using the Friedman test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test, respectively. Outcomes & Results Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed on all matched survey items (n = 96) acr

关键词： Minimal associated pathological lesions   Vocal folds   Conventional microlaryngeal surgery   CO2 laser   Stroboscopic examination   Voice Handicap Index  

摘要： The aim of this study is to compare the relatively new CO2 laser microlaryngeal surgery and conventional cold dissection method in treatment of minimal associated pathological lesions of vocal folds. Eighty patients aged 20-70 years old were randomly divided into two groups, group A (40 patients) was treated by the conventional method and group B (40 patients) was treated with CO2 laser microlaryngeal surgery. Assessment procedures included GRBAS scale, stroboscopic examination, and Arabic version of voice handicap index. Results stated that improvement of quality of voice after surgery in both techniques had no significant difference. The significant difference was in operative time and bleeding because laser had less time and bleeding. Both techniques had no recurrence within 3-months follow-up.