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关键词： 胃癌   不同部位   临床病理学   预后  

摘要： 目的对比分析不同部位胃癌的临床病理学特点及预后。方法选取2017年6月至2021年6月在我院内一科接受临床治疗的58例胃癌患者作为研究对象,其中全胃癌18例,胃上部癌20例,胃中部癌13例,胃下部癌7例,对患者进行术后临床病理学特点及预后情况的收集并加以对比分析。结果统计发现,患者在性别、年龄方面相比无明显差异(P>0.05);转移情况(淋巴结转、移肝转、移腹膜转)、生长方式(团块、巢状、弥漫性)、组织分型(低分化腺癌、印戒细胞癌、管状腺癌、黏液细胞癌、乳头状癌)、病理分期(Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期)结果对比,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论临床认识不同胃癌部位的临床病理特点,能够指导治疗,从而为患者提供个体化治疗,对提高患者预后具有重要的指导意义。

关键词： 乳腺癌/诊断   病理学   病理申请单   标本取材   前哨淋巴结   免疫组化   共识  

摘要： 乳腺癌的发病率位居女性恶性肿瘤的首位。随着医疗水平的提高,乳腺癌已经成为疗效最佳的实体肿瘤之一。而规范化的乳腺癌病理报告,对于临床选择适合而有效的手术方式及治疗方案尤为重要。但在病理诊断工作中仍然存在不规范的情况,特别是新辅助治疗后的标本取材及病理诊断等方面。为推动河南省乳腺癌规范化诊治,由河南省肿瘤诊疗质量控制中心乳腺癌专家委员会参照国内外的乳腺癌相关诊疗指南制定了本共识。

关键词： 乳腺超声   乳腺疾病   体检筛查   病理学   乳腺钼靶  

摘要： 目的:探讨乳腺超声女性乳腺疾病的筛查效果。方法:选取2018年1月-2020年1月100例于笔者所在医院实施健康体检的疑似患有乳腺疾病的患者为研究对象。所有患者均实施乳腺钼靶检查和乳腺超声检查,以临床随访结果为金标准,比较两种检查方法的诊断符合率,分析乳腺疾病的超声征象。结果:临床随访结果显示,100例患者中乳腺增生28例,占比28%,乳腺囊肿21例,占比21%,乳腺纤维瘤14例,占比14%,乳腺炎32例,占比32%,乳腺癌5例,占比5%。而乳腺超声的乳腺炎诊断符合率87.50%,乳腺增生92.85%,乳腺囊肿90.47%,乳腺纤维瘤92.85%,乳腺癌100%,明显高于乳腺钼靶的65.62%、87.85%、61.90%、57.17%及40.00%(P<0.05)。超声征象方面,乳腺增生超声诊断可见腺体有不均匀回声,且明显增厚,边界清晰,组织内存在单个或数个低回声结节;乳腺囊肿与乳腺纤维瘤则呈现为囊状均匀回声,结构边界与层次清晰,内部可见低回声圆形或椭圆形肿块,回声均匀,边界清晰,包膜完整;乳腺癌边界模糊,肿块回声较强,且有毛刺征。结论:乳腺超声筛查女性乳腺疾病的效果较好,具有较高的诊断符合率,可将其作为妇女乳腺疾病筛查的依据,应予以推广。

关键词： Diffusion weighted imaging   Apparent diffusion coefficient   Indices of anisotropy   Cerebellum   Hippocampus   Cerebral cortex  

摘要： Presented is a diffusion weighted imaging protocol with measures of apparent diffusion coefficient which when registered to a 3D MRI rat brain atlas provides site-specific information on 173 different brain areas. This protocol coined "in vivo neuropathology" was used to follow the progressive neurotoxic effects of trimethyltin on global gray matter microarchitecture. Four rats were given an IP injection of 7 mg/kg of the neurotoxin trimethyltin and imaged for changes in water diffusivity at 3-and 7-days post injections. At 3 days, there was a significant decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient, a proxy for cytotoxic edema, in several cortical areas and cerebellum. At 7 days the level of injury expanded to include most of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory system, and cerebellum/brainstem corroborating much of the work done with traditional histopathology. Analysis is achieved with a minimum number of rats adhering to the laws and regulations around the humane care and use of laboratory animals, providing an alternative to the traditional tests for assessing drug neurotoxicity. "In vivo neuropathology" can minimize the cost, expedite the process, and identify subtle changes in site-specific brain micro architecture across the entire brain. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： 间皮瘤   腺样结构   核染色质   气喘症状   肺腺癌   非小细胞肺癌   胸腔积液   纤维组织  

摘要： 目的探讨具有间皮瘤样生长方式的肺腺癌的临床病理学特征。方法收集3例具有间皮瘤样生长方式的肺腺癌患者的临床病理资料,并复习相关文献。结果 3例患者均为男性,年龄68~73岁,平均年龄70岁,均有咳嗽、胸闷及气喘症状,2例伴胸腔积液,CT显示胸膜不均匀增厚,而肺内均未见明确肿块。镜下观察3例均见纤维组织中大量上皮样肿瘤细胞浸润,呈实性片状分布,部分区域可见腺样结构,胞质丰富、略嗜碱性,核圆形或卵圆形,核染色质较疏松,部分细胞可见核仁,核分裂象偶见。免疫组织化学显示肿瘤细胞均表达广谱细胞角蛋白、细胞角蛋白(CK)7、甲状腺转录因子1、表面活性蛋白B、上皮细胞膜抗原,局部表达Napsin A,均不表达CK5/6、p40、D2-40、WT1、结蛋白、HBME1、Calretinin、PAX8,SMARCA4、SMARCB1均无缺失。3例患者非小细胞肺癌相关基因检测均未发现突变。结论具有间皮瘤样生长方式的肺腺癌,临床表现及形态学与恶性胸膜间皮瘤相似,预后差,确诊依赖胸腔镜胸膜活检病理诊断。

关键词： 卵巢性索肿瘤   子宫肿瘤   卵巢颗粒细胞瘤   病理学检查   免疫组化检查  

摘要： 类似卵巢性索肿瘤的子宫肿瘤(UTROSCT)是一种病因尚不明确的具有低度恶性潜能的子宫良性病变。UTROSCT临床罕见,合并卵巢性索间质肿瘤者更为特殊,目前国内外报道尚不足20例。本文回顾性分析2020年湘西自治州人民医院收治的1例UTROSCT合并卵巢颗粒细胞瘤患者的病历资料,总结其诊疗经过,以提高临床医生对本病的认识,并为本病的诊治提供参考。

摘要： Purpose/Objective(s) Pathological T2-4 N1 M0 prostate cancer (Pca) has a heterogeneous natural history. So far, only one randomized control trial has established the current standard of care of immediate androgen deprivation (ADT) after prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. The role of pelvic radiation (RT) for this cohort of patients remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to perform a retrospective review of our institutional experience to provide much-needed information that may improve the outcome of these very high-risk patients. Materials/Methods We identified patients with pT2-4 N1 M0 disease treated in our institution from 2006 to 2016. We reviewed ADT and RT records in addition to patient and disease characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analyses were utilized to evaluate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS, defined as either biochemical or clinical evidence of disease recurrence). Results We identified a total of 94 patients with pT2-4N1M0 Pca with patient demographic and disease characteristics shown in the table. A total of 72 patients had postoperative RT with a median follow-up of 85.9 months (range 15 to 175 months). Among patients receiving RT, 54/72 (75%) received ADT concurrently (median duration of 24 months, range 4 -36 months). The median time from prostatectomy to RT initiation was 6 months (range 3-90 months). RT of 7 patients was initiated after PSA progression. For patients without RT, 15/22 (68%) received ADT (median duration of 24 months, range 3 to 96 months); the median follow-up was 91 months (range 9 to 164 months). The estimated 5-year OS for patients with RT and without RT were 100% and 85.7%, respectively (P  = 0.04). The estimated 5-year PFS for patients with RT and without RT were 80.9% and 62.8%, respectively (P  = 0.19). Among patients who received ADT, the estimated 5-year PFS was 82.3% with RT and 63.8% without RT, respectively (P  = 0.26). Conclusion For a select group of patients with pT2-4N1M0 Pca, pos

关键词： 供器官   组织病理学   冷冻切片术   石蜡切片  

摘要： 目的探究快速石蜡切片较之冷冻切片在器官捐献供器官的组织病理学评估中的优劣。方法收集2017年至2021年间华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院器官移植研究所的5例供肝标本和8例弃用供肾标本, 对供器官活检组织分别采用冷冻切片、快速石蜡切片和常规石蜡切片方法制片, 经苏木精-伊红染色后, 从供肾和供肝镜下的基本形态以及相关供器官评分的差异方面进行比较。结果快速石蜡切片在反映肾小球硬化比例(18.6%±22.3%)、小动脉透明样变(43.7%±23.8%)和小动脉狭窄(47.9%±29%)方面与常规石蜡切片相似。冰冻切片中观察到的肾小球硬化比例(0.8%±2.2%)、小动脉透明样变比例(4.9%±7.4%)和小动脉狭窄(5.3%±7.5%)比例均低于快速石蜡切片。另外快速石蜡切片对肝细胞坏死和水变性的判断也更为准确。结论快速石蜡切片较冷冻切片镜下组织结构更清晰、完整。在评分方面能更准确地反映供器官的组织病理学改变。

摘要： Purpose/Objective(s) Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Factors associated with pCR remain incompletely defined. The goal of this study was to identify the factors correlated with pCR and to explore the impact of these factors on survival. Materials/Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patients with esophageal cancer from a single institution treated with nCRT plus esophagectomy between July 2017 and June *** response was categorized by a 3-point tumor regression grade (TRG) system for surgical specimens. Disease-free survival (DFS)and overall survival (OS) were defined as the interval between surgery and the date of recurrence or death from any cause. Results A total of 192 patients were included for analysis in the study with 64 (33.33%) achieved pCR. Follow-up time ranged from 0.4 to 41.4 months from surgery, with a median follow-up of 17.8 months. Patients with pCR had significantly improved DFS (log-rank P  = 0.002) and OS (log-rank P  = 0.015) compared with patients with non-pCR. On univariate analysis, gender (male), histologic type (squamous carcinoma), therapy sequence (concomitant chemoradiotherapy), radiation dose (≥40Gy), and interval time to surgery (≥66 days) were associated with a higher rate of pCR. On multivariable analysis, female (adjusted odds ratio (adjusted OR): 4.89; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.90 to 12.58; P  = 0.001), radiation dose ≥40Gy (adjusted OR: 10.50; 95% CI: 1.23 to 89.75; P  = 0.032), and interval time to surgery ≥66 days (adjusted OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.10 to 4.46; P  = 0.026) were independently associated with a higher rate of pCR. Further increasing the dosage of radiation more than 45 Gy (≥46) resulted in the decreasing of pCR rate (45.6% vs. 23.8%; 2 = 6.093, P  = 0.014). Further prolonging the timing of esophagectomy to 80 days after completion of nCRT did not result in a significant higher rate of pCR (35.1

关键词： 学术刊物   植物生理学   分子生物学   病理学   相关学科   生态学   技术与方法   投稿  

摘要： 本刊是植物科学领域的综合性学术刊物,主要刊登植物生理学、生态学、分子生物学、病理学及相关学科的研究报告、综述、技术与方法等,欢迎投稿。