教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： 胸腹水沉渣   石蜡包埋切片   恶性肿瘤   病理学   诊断价值  

摘要： 探讨在诊断恶性肿瘤过程中采用胸腹水沉渣石蜡包埋切片的诊断效果。方法:选取2019年1月—2019年12月于我院收治的疑似恶性胸腔积液病例50份胸腹、腔积液标本,将细胞病理学检查作为金标准、分别进行石蜡包埋切片以及细胞涂片检查,对比两种检测方式的诊断价值。结果:病理学共检出36份胸腔恶性积液;40份腹腔恶性积液;石蜡包埋切片在腹腔、胸腔积液中的阳性检出率(80.6%,87.5%)较细胞涂片(58.3%,65.0%)更高(P<0.05);石蜡包埋切片诊断胸腔积、腹腔积液的灵敏度、特异度以及准确度(80.6%,85.7%,82.0%)均较涂片组(58.1%,50.0%,56.0%)更高(P<0.05)。结论:采用石蜡包埋切片的方式对胸腹腔积液标本进行检查整体准确率较高,可为临床诊断疾病提供一定的参考。

关键词： 肝脏肿瘤   上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤   病理特征  

摘要： 探讨肝上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的病理学特征,并分析其诊断和鉴别的要点。方法:共收集8例肝内上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的组织标本,用HE染色与免疫组化方法分析标本。结果:8例患者中,肝右叶肿瘤5例,肝左叶2例,肝门区1例,均行手术治疗,术后未见复发。肿瘤直径3.3~11cm,平均(7.03±1.36)cm。肿瘤切面实性,质地中等偏软,呈灰白、灰褐色。病理结果显示,肿瘤组织主要由上皮样细胞构成,呈结节状、弥漫片状分布,有一定异型性,易见核仁,胞质丰富,嗜酸性,免疫组化学显示, 8例上皮血管平滑肌脂肪瘤细胞均表达HMB45,,6例肿瘤细胞特征性表达Melan-A,占比75%。CD34、 S100、CK、Glypican-3、Hepatocyte不表达,ki67 增 殖 指 数 1%~ 9%。结论:肝上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤无特异性临床表现与影像学特征,易出现假阳性,依赖病理学检查可确诊,且其有一定恶变潜能,术后应当长期随访。

关键词： 支架式教学   病理学实验   教学方法  

摘要： 本文主要探讨了支架式教学在《病理学实验》课程教学中的应用,并分析其教学效果。支架式教学模式体现以学生为中心,提高了学生的自主学习能力,团队协作和沟通表达能力,激发了学生学习兴趣,提高了教学效果。

关键词： 数字网络显微互动系统教学模式   数字切片系统   病理学切片   显微镜   病理学实验教学  

摘要： 探讨使用数码显微互动实验教学模式在病理学实验教学改革中应用效果。方法:选取在我院正在学习的2019级临床医学(全科乡村医生方向)专业学生100人为研究对象,2019级临床医学1班学生人数51为实验组;2019级临床医学2班学生人数49为对照组。实验组选用数字网络显微互动实验教学模式进行病理学实验教学;对照组只选用传统教学模式(显微镜、病理学切片)进行病理学实验教学;结果:实验组课程结束后实验病理切片考试、期末理论考试均优于对照组(p<0.05),学生应用数码显微互动实验教学模式在病理学实验教学中的教学效果的满意度评价显著高于只选用显微镜、病理学切片进行病理学实验教学。结论:数码显微互动实验教学模式开展病理学实验教学,可以教师实时监控学生实验进度,有利于师生互动交流,促进教学相长;使原来效率较低的“点对点”教学模式转变为高效率的“点对面” 模式,实现资源共享。在今后临床医学(全科乡村医生方向)专业学生病理学实验教学中加以完善及推广。

关键词： amyloid formation   biological phase transitions   intrinsically disordered proteins   membraneless organelles   stop codon mutation  

摘要： Biomolecular condensation via liquid-liquid phase separation of intrinsically disordered proteins/regions (IDPs/IDRs) along with other biomolecules is proposed to control critical cellular functions, whereas aberrant phase transitions are associated with a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that a disease-associated stop codon mutation of the prion protein (PrP) at tyrosine 145 (Y145Stop), resulting in a truncated, highly disordered, N-terminal IDR, spontaneously phase-separates into dynamic liquid-like droplets. Phase separation of this highly positively charged N-terminal segment is promoted by the electrostatic screening and a multitude of weak, transient, multivalent, intermolecular interactions. Single-droplet Raman measurements, in conjunction with an array of bioinformatic, spectroscopic, microscopic, and mutagenesis studies, revealed a highly mobile internal organization within the liquid-like condensates. The phase behavior of Y145Stop is modulated by RNA. Lower RNA:protein ratios promote condensation at a low micromolar protein concentration under physiological conditions. At higher concentrations of RNA, phase separation is abolished. Upon aging, these highly dynamic liquid-like droplets gradually transform into ordered, 11-rich, amyloid-like aggregates. These aggregates formed via phase transitions display an autocatalytic self-templating characteristic involving the recruitment and binding-induced conformational conversion of monomeric Y145Stop into amyloid fibrils. In contrast to this intrinsically disordered truncated variant, the wild-type full-length PrP exhibits a much lower propensity for both condensation and maturation into amyloids, hinting at a possible protective role of the C-terminal domain. Such an interplay of molecular factors in modulating the protein phase behavior might have much broader implications in cell physiology and disease.

关键词： iPSC   Alzheimer’s   LOAD   PRS   PP1   MAPT   Aβ   neuron   tau   genetics  

摘要： We have generated a controlled and manipulable resource that captures genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease: iPSC lines from 53 individuals coupled with RNA and proteomic profiling of both iPSC-derived neurons and brain tissue of the same individuals. Data collected for each person include genome sequencing, longitudinal cognitive scores, and quantitative neuropathology. The utility of this resource is exemplified here by analyses of neurons derived from these lines, revealing significant associations between specific Ab and tau species and the levels of plaque and tangle deposition in the brain and, more importantly, with the trajectory of cogni-tive decline. Proteins and networks are identified that are associated with AD phenotypes in iPSC neurons, and relevant associations are validated in brain. The data presented establish this iPSC collection as a resource for investigating person-specific processes in the brain that can aid in identifying and validating mo-lecular pathways underlying AD.

关键词： RNA   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   frontotemporal dementia   small molecules   repeat expansion   microsatellite disorders   quinazoline   bistable RNA   NMR spectroscopy   repeat associate non-ATG (RAN) translation  

摘要： The hexanucleotide repeat expansion GGGGCC [r(G(4)C(2))(exp)] within intron 1 of C9orf 72 causes genetically defined amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, collectively named c9ALS/FTD., the repeat expansion causes neurodegeneration via deleterious phenotypes stemming from r(G(4)C(2))(exp) RNA gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms. The r(G(4)C(2))(exp) RNA folds into both a hairpin structure with repeating 1 x 1 nucleotide GG internal loops and a G-quadruplex structure. Here, we report the identification of a small molecule (CB253) that selectively binds the hairpin form of r(G(4)C(2))(exp). Interestingly, the small molecule binds to a previously unobserved conformation in which the RNA forms 2 x 2 nucleotide GG internal loops, as revealed by a series of binding and structural studies. NMR and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the r(G(4)C(2))(exp) hairpin interconverts between 1 x 1 and 2 x 2 internal loops through the process of strand slippage. We provide experimental evidence that CB253 binding indeed shifts the equilibrium toward the 2 x 2 GG internal loop conformation, inhibiting mechanisms that drive c9ALS/FTD pathobiology, such as repeat-associated non-ATG translation formation of stress granules and defective nucleocytoplasmic transport in various cellular models of c9ALS/FTD.

关键词： 慢性乙型肝炎   丙氨酸氨基转移酶   肝纤维化   肝组织炎症活动度  

摘要： 目的分析高HBV DNA病毒载量、ALT水平正常或轻度升高的CHB患者临床和组织病理学特征。方法纳入2016年1月至2020年9月珠海市人民医院诊治的CHB患者378例,男性206例,女性172例,年龄(34.8±6.4)岁。采用Scheuer评分系统、组织学活动指数评价患者肝纤维化分期(F0~F4)及肝组织炎症活动度分级(G0~G4)。计量资料采用t检验;计数资料采用卡方检验。结果CHB患者中

摘要： Purpose/Objective(s) Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) have an enhanced prognosis Watch and wait is appropriate treatment strategy after patients achieving clinical complete response, but the proportion is small. We aimed to identify optimal neoadjuvant strategy based on pCR rates in LARC by network meta-analysis. Materials/Methods This network meta-analysis (NMA), based on phase II and phase III studies, involving patients with LARC, indirectly compared seven strategies including short course radiotherapy (SCRT) + immediate surgery, SCRT + delayed surgery, SCRT + consolidation chemotherapy + surgery, induction chemotherapy + long course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT) + surgery, LCCRT + consolidation chemotherapy + surgery, LCCRT + delayed surgery and standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Studies were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and abstracts found in ASTRO and ASCO. The primary endpoint pathological complete response (pCR) with odds risk (OR) were pooled according to frequentist network meta-analytical techniques. Results Fifteen trials, involving 4424 patients met our eligibility criteria. For LARC patients, the pCR-NMA was based on all 15 trials. In terms of pCR, all other treatments performed significantly better than SCRT + immediate surgery. SCRT + consolidation chemotherapy + surgery, LCCRT + consolidation chemotherapy + surgery, and LCCRT + delayed surgery performed significantly better than SCRT + delayed surgery. SCRT + delayed surgery performed significantly better than SCRT +immediate surgery (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.29). SCRT + consolidation chemotherapy + surgery performed significantly better than standard neoadjuvant LCCRT (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–5.0). Interestingly, SCRT + consolidation chemotherapy + surgery had superior trends to the remaining six treatment models. By direct and indirect comparison, we obtained a ra

关键词： 动物病理学   课程思政   教学案例  

摘要： 动物病理学是研究疾病的病因、发病机制、病理改变和转归的兽医学基础学科。将思政元素融入动物病理学课程教学,实现动物病理知识体系与思政内容的有效结合,是当前教学亟须探究的课题。该文初步探索动物病理学课程思政改革教学案例。