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关键词： common bacterial blight of bean   Phaseolus vulgaris   Xanthomonas  

摘要： Background: Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans (Xcf) and Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli (Xpp) are the causal agents of common bacterial blight of bean (CBB), an important disease worldwide that remains difficult to control. These pathogens belong to distinct species within the Xanthomonas genus and have undergone a dynamic evolutionary history including the horizontal transfer of genes encoding factors probably involved in adaptation to and pathogenicity on common bean. Seed transmission is a key point of the CBB disease cycle, favouring both vertical transmission of the pathogen and worldwide distribution of the disease through global seed trade. Taxonomy: Kingdom: Bacteria;phylum: Proteobacteria;class: Gammaproteobacteria;order: Lysobacterales (also known as Xanthomonadales);family: Lysobacteraceae (also known as Xanthomonadaceae);genus: Xanthomonas;species: X. citri pv. fuscans and X. phaseoli pv. phaseoli (Xcf-Xpp). Host range: The main host of Xcf-Xpp is the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and members of the Vigna genus (Vigna aconitifolia, Vigna angularis, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, and Vigna umbellata) are also natural hosts of Xcf-Xpp. Natural occurrence of Xcf-Xpp has been reported for a handful of other legumes such as Calopogonium sp., Pueraria sp., pea (Pisum sativum), Lablab purpureus, Macroptilium lathyroides, and Strophostyles helvola. There are conflicting reports concerning the natural occurrence of CBB agents on tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata). Symptoms: CBB symptoms occur on all aerial parts of beans, that is, seedlings, leaves, stems, pods, and seeds. Symptoms initially appear as water-soaked spots evolving into necrosis on leaves, pustules on pods, and cankers on twigs. In severe infections, defoliation and wilting may occur. Distribution: CBB is distributed worldwide, meaning that it is frequently encountered in most places where bean is cultivated in the Ameri

关键词： Phoxinus lagowskii   Transcriptome analysis   Immunity genes   Tetrahymena pyriformis  

摘要： Phoxinus lagowskii is a widely distributed and predominantly cultured species in the northeast of China. P. lagowskii is highly susceptible to the infection of Tetrahymena in cultivation. Fast increased cell number of Tetrahymena in water for lab farming fish and fish death showed P. lagowskii were seriously infected by T. pyriformis. The fish histological, physiology, and molecular response to T. pyriformis infections is still largely unknown. Therefore, this research was performed to evaluate P. lagowskii infected by T. pyriformis with parameters of mortality, behavior, hematology parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and transcription analysis. P. lagowskii showed spin, jump, cluster, sluggish swim, and the big breath after Tetrahymena infection. Histological observation of the gills confirmed that the lamella area was increased, which was beneficial for maintaining respiration. WBC, RBC, Hct, and Hb were generally lower in the infection group when compared to the control group, demonstrated the impairment in the generation of erythrocytes, thus altering the red blood cells' proper functioning. An increase in the gill lamella surface area observed in the present study suggests the hypoxia-like condition in P. lagowski after ciliate infection. Enzyme activity of SOD and GST in the gills was significantly increased compared to control but not in the tissue of liver and spleen, demonstrating the gills playing key roles in the anti-oxidation. To understand the knowledge of immune response against T. pyriformis, transcriptome analysis of gill in P. lagowskii at 48 h post-infection was performed. After the challenge of T. pyriformis, 87 genes were identified as remarkably upregulated, and 76 genes were downregulated. DEGs are associated with innate immune molecules, including oxidation-reduction, innate immune molecules, anti-inflammation, apoptosis-related molecules, and chemokine signaling pathways. Moreover, the expression regulation of seven genes was further

关键词： clinical severity   COVID-19   cycle threshold value   morphological changes   peripheral blood smear  

摘要： Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV2 can present from mild flu-like symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is multi-organ involvement;particularly, hematopoietic system can be associated with morphological changes in blood cells of COVID-19 patients. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 50 COVID-19 patients, confirmed on RT-PCR with documented cycle threshold (Ct) value. Peripheral blood sample of these patients was collected and examined for complete blood counts (CBC) on automated haematological analyser as well as Leishman-stained blood smears to look for morphological changes in blood cells. Morphological changes were evaluated with reference to clinical severity and Ct value. Additionally, association between Ct value and clinical severity was also performed. Statistical tests were performed, and P value Mean age of our study group was 42.16 +/- 15.55 years, with male preponderance. Most commonly observed peripheral blood changes were hypolobation (P value = .002) and toxic granules (P value = .005) in neutrophils, atypical granules with nucleolar prominence in lymphocytes, cytoplasmic granulation with clumped nuclear chromatin in monocytes, giant platelets and thrombocytopenia and normocytic normochromic anaemia. Conclusion No association was found between clinical severity and Ct value as well as peripheral blood morphological changes with Ct value. We conclude that examination of peripheral smear coupled with complete blood count (CBC) is only partially supportive of disease pathogenesis and to assess the viral load other parameters should be utilised instead of relying solely on Ct value.

关键词： 18s rDNA   Myxobolus   pathogenicity   River Jhelum   Schizothorax esocinus  

摘要： During the present study, we describe a novel myxozoan that forms plasmodia in the gill filament of Schizothorax esocinus collected from River Jhelum of Kashmir Himalayan region (n = 26). Description of the new species is based on morphology of the myxospore and on partial 18S rDNA gene. The results showed that the plasmodia were large, visible with naked eye, elongate in shape, whitish in colour, 8mm in diameter, at the centre of gill filament, histozoic, single or two in number per gill, but too big in size and filled by 1,000-1,400 myxospores. The myxospores measure 13.4 (length) x 9.5 mu m (width), short oval in frontal view, blunt at both in anterior and posterior, but somewhat narrowing towards the posterior end. Shell valves measure 0.45 mu m in thickness. No parietal folds were recorded. Two polar capsules equal in size, pyriform in shape were measured 7.3 x 4.2 mu m (L x W). The 18S rDNA of this species (accession number MK785257) clustered phylogenetically with other related myxozoan parasites and showed maximum homogeneity of 98.63% with M. sp. SKBU-RC1 (MK412937) and M. sp. SKBU-RC2 (MK412937) infecting gills of Labeo rohita from India followed by 92.51% with M. pronini (MH329619) infecting abdominal cavity of Carassius gibelio from China. The study of histopathological changes of the gills revealed hypertrophy, hyperplasia, uplifting of cellular elements and severe damage to gill filaments resulting in suffocation of fish. By its unique myxospore morphology and its 18S rDNA sequence, we propose naming this species as Myxobolus szekelyianus n. sp.

关键词： Dipetalonema evansi   Histomorphometry   Histopatology   Microfilariae  

摘要： Camels are important sources of milk, meat, wool and leather, and are widely used in transportation in arid and semi-arid areas. But their illnesses, especially parasitic diseases, have not been taken into consideration. The Dipetalonema evansi microfilariae are in the blood. Adult nematode is only dedicated to camels and disrupts spermatic arteries, lung arteries, right atrium, and testicles. This study was carried out on testicular samples of camels infected with D. evansi referred from slaughterhouse. In each of the control and contaminated groups, 5 samples were examined. In this study, in addition to the qualitative description of parasite histopathologic lesions, the spermatogenesis process was evaluated quantitatively including spermatogenesis process, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and Johnsen ranking and compared with the control group. Histopathological examination of infected testis with D. evansi showed lumen obstruction of testicular blood vessels by parasites, hypertrophy of blood vessels, degenerative and necrosis changes in the tubules, decreased spermatogenetic activity, increased interstitial space tubules, destruction of the spermatogenic cells. Also, there was a significant difference in the control and contaminated groups in the parameters of spermatogenesis, diameter of the seminiferous tubules and Johnsen score. © 2021, Indian Society for Parasitology.

关键词： 病理学   实验教学   PBL教学法   应用效果  

摘要： 明确在病理学实验教学中应用以问题为导向的教学方法(Problem-Based Learning method, PBL)对学生掌握教学内容的促进作用。方法:在2019年4月~2021年4月期间入院进行学习的医学生中选取120例进行研究并分为两组,对照组采用常规模式进行教学,研究组采用PBL教学法进行教学,对比两组医学生对医学知识掌握水平、实验教学满意度的差异。结果:经过在病理学实验教学中应用PBL教学法,研究组医学生的知识掌握能力和实验操作能力均得到了提升,且研究组考核得分高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组对于实验教学工作的满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在病理学实验教学中,通过PBL教学法的应用,有利于提高学生对教学知识的掌握水平,增强学生对教学方式的满意度,更好的学习医学知识,一定程度上推动病理学实验教学模式的多元化发展。

关键词： 阴道镜   病理学检测   宫颈癌   病变   一致性  

摘要： 随着科学技术的发展,我国医疗技术更加先进,本文意在探究宫颈癌前病变筛查中,阴道镜与病理检测的应用价值。方法:实践中,选取2020年2月至2021年3月间,某妇幼保健院120名宫颈液基细胞学检测异常者为研究对象,在临床组织病理学检查结果为标准的前提下,探究阴道镜与病理学检测结果,对宫颈癌前病变的应用价值,并且分析活检结果情况一致性。结果:120名研究对象中,阴道镜检查结果呈阳性的有84名,所占比例高于70%,其病变种类包括高度鳞状上皮内病变,低度鳞状上皮内病变,即可疑癌,其中高度状上皮内病变与可疑癌病变又占总病变人数的20%以上。通过统计学计算,最终得到数据,阴道镜和病理学检测一致性约为75%。结论:现阶段,临床宫颈癌前病变诊断中,阴道镜下可以活检是其重要途径,也是最有效的方法之一,具有准确率高的特点,阴道镜检查中四象限活检降低了宫颈癌前病变临床漏诊率,对宫颈癌前病变筛查和后期预防具有重要意义和应用价值。

关键词： 病理学教学   临床医学   基础医学   微课  

摘要： 随着互联网技术和计算机技术的飞速发展,这些技术在各行各业均有应用。在社会对人才要求日益升高的背景下,应用传统教学法培养出来的人才已经难以满足社会的实际需求。病理学教学涉及的疾病内容、操作方法比较多,也是将基础医学和临床医学有效衔接的重要学科。但这一门学科的学习难度较高,涉及大量重点和难点,学生学习起来比较吃力,若依然采用传统教学法,无法保证学生的实际学习效果。在此基础上,教学中引入了“微课”这一新兴教学理念,并利用互联网技术、计算机技术将这一教学理念变成一个个微课视频,辅助病理学教学,具有显著的应用价值。

关键词： Stroke   Endothelin-1   Middle cerebral artery occlusion   Depression   Flinders  

摘要： Patients with depression have an increased risk for stroke, higher mortality rates following stroke and worse functional outcomes among survivors. Preclinical studies may help to better understand the underlying mechanisms linking these two diseases, but only a few animal studies have investigated the effects of prestroke depression. The present study investigates whether Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, a genetic depression model, respond differently to focal ischemic stroke compared to control strains (Flinders Resistant Line [FRL] and Sprague-Dawley [SD]). Male adult FSL, FRL and SD rats received a unilateral injection of either vehicle or Endothelin-1 (ET-1) adjacent to the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Motor function was assessed at 48 h followed by euthanasia and infarct volume measurement using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and image analysis. In a separate cohort behavior was assessed using standard tests for motor function, locomotor activity, cognition, anxiety- and depression-like behavior beginning at 10 days post-injection followed by infarct quantification. We found that ET-1-induced MCA occlusion produced significant infarcts in all three strains. Stroke animals had slightly impaired motor function, but there was no clear interaction effects between strain and stroke surgery on behavioral outcomes. We conclude that FSL rats show no increased susceptibility to brain damage or behavioral deficits following ET-1-induced focal ischemic stroke compared to controls.

关键词： Solea solea   Post-larvae weaning   Soybean protein concentrate   Growth performance   Oxidative stress   Histopatholical investigation  

摘要： An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of soybean protein concentrate (SPC) meal as a partial replacement for fishmeal (FM) protein at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (SPC0, SPC25, SPC50, SPC75, and SPC100 groups, respectively) in weaning diets (similar to 55% crude protein) for post-larvae of common sole (Solea solea). During the weaning period, larvae were fed on the experimental diets simultaneously with the life food for 15 days. After completing the weaning period, post-larvae (5.5 mg) were fed with the experimental diets for further 30 days in triplicates. No significant (P > 0.05) variations were recorded in the growth performance and survival rate up to the 50% SPC level, after which the larvae growth and survival rates were significantly (P < 0.05) declined. A gradual decrease in carcass protein simultaneously with significant increases in carcass lipid, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was observed as SPC levels in diets increased. SPC induced significant (P < 0.05) increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferases activities, and their highest values were observed in the SPC75 and SPC100 groups. The oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels) showed their highest values in postlarvae fed the SPC100 diet. Histological investigations showed esophagus inflammation and stomach hyperplasia in SPC75 and SPC100 groups with no pathological intestinal signs. Hepatocyte infiltration and massive lipid accumulations with signs of necrosis were recorded in fish fed with 75% and 100% SPC diets. The second-order polynomial regression between the inclusion levels of SPC and growth indices recommends replacing FM protein with 35% SPC in weaning diets for common sole post-larvae.