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关键词： 人文内涵   病理学   课程思政  

摘要： 关于课堂教学,习近平总书记在之前的高校思想政治工作会议上就已经明确课堂教学的重要性,不同课程都要融合思想政治理论,形成一种特殊的体系,病理学是医学教育非常重要的基础课程,教师在进行教授医学知识的过程中对学生同样有教书育人的责任,要在教学中进行不同方式的尝试,才能完成病理学教学的突破。

关键词： 课程思政   病理学   线上线下混合式教学  

摘要： “课程思政”指以构建全员、全程、全课程育人格局的形式将各类课程与思想政治理论课同向同行,形成协同效应,把"立德树人"作为教育的根本任务的一种综合教育理念,是构建德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系和高水平人才培养体系的有效切入。因此,本文作者通过研究如何将思想政治教育元素融入《病理学》线上线下混合式教学中,形成了较为完整的《病理学》课程思政体系,并通过经典案例展现实践成效。

关键词： Fermented foods   Zebrafish   Caspase 3   8 OHdG   Hyperactivity  

摘要： Ethyl carbamate (EC, urethane). which is used as an anesthetic especially by veterinarians due to its very long duration of action, is also a naturally occurring compound in all fermented foods and beverages. Although the health problem of EC is related to its carcinogenic potential, the scarcity of current studies that can be used in the evaluation of usage limits encouraged us to do this study. In this context, zebra fish embryos were exposed to serial doses of EC. According to the results, it was observed that CC exposure caused a significant decrease in survival and hatching rates as well as significant body malformations. Whole-mount staining results showed that CC caused dose-dependent increased apoptosis. Oxidative stress caused by EC exposure was demonstrated by whole-mount staining, transcriptional and immunohistochemically. Furthermore, it has been shown histochemically that CC exposure causes necrosis and degeneration in the brain. In behavioral tests, it was observed that CC caused hyperactivity associated with these neuronal degenerations. In addition, a dramatic decrease in blood flow was detected in association with pericardial edema. In the light of the current results, it should be carefully considered that EC can be found naturally in many human diets, especially fermented foods. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sea cucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus)   Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV)   Natural infection   Target organs   Histopathological study  

摘要： Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), a unique aquatic pathogen first isolated from shrimp, has a broad host range that includes crustaceans and teleosts. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, an Echinoderm, was recently shown to be a host for CMNV. To investigate the histopathology of CMNV infection in sea cucumber, four out of 61 A. japonicus individuals that tested positive in reverse transcription nested PCR (RT-nPCR) assays were furtherly analyzed through in situ hybridization (ISH), histology, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Extensive bluish-purple positive hybridization signals of CMNV probe were found in tissues of the respiratory trees, intestine, and gonad in conjunction with a variety of pathological lesions, including vacuolation, karyopyknosis, and muscle necrosis. Also, masses of CMNV-like particles were observed through TEM in these tissues, as well as in the body wall and longitudinal muscle. Sea cucumber is important in Chinese aquaculture, and CMNV infection of gonad tissue indicates a potential for vertical transmission that could negatively impact larval rearing.

关键词： lysosomal storage disease   glycosphingolipids   alpha-synuclein   Gaucher disease   Parkinson's disease  

摘要： GBA1 mutations that encode lysosomal beta-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) cause the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease (GD) and are strong risk factors for synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Only a subset of subjects with GBA1 mutations exhibit neurodegeneration, and the factors that influence neurological phenotypes are unknown. We find that alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) neuropathology induced by GCase depletion depends on neuronal maturity, the physiological state of alpha-syn, and specific accumulation of long-chain glycosphingolipid (GSL) GCase substrates. Reduced GCase activity does not initiate alpha-syn aggregation in neonatal mice or immature human midbrain cultures;however, adult mice or mature midbrain cultures that express physiological alpha-syn oligomers are aggregation prone. Accumulation of long-chain GSLs (>= C22), but not short-chain species, induced alpha-syn pathology and neurological dysfunction. Selective reduction of long-chain GSLs ameliorated alpha-syn pathology through lysosomal cathepsins. We identify specific requirements that dictate synuclein pathology in GD models, providing possible explanations for the phenotypic variability in subjects with GCase deficiency.

关键词： Fluorescence   Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease   Hydrogen sulfide  

摘要： Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), emerging as an important gaseous signal, has attracted more and more attention for its key role in chronic fatty liver diseases. However, lacking tools for H2S-specific in situ detection, the changes of endogenous hepatic H2S levels in the pathological progression of chronic liver diseases are still unclear. To this end, we adopted a strategy of combining molecular probe design and nanofunctionalization to develop a highly selective near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, which allows in vivo realtime monitoring of hepatic H2S levels in the process of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As a proof of strategy demonstration, we first designed NIR molecular probes for H2S sensing through chemical design and probe screening and then loaded molecular probes into mesoporous silicon nanomaterials (MSNs) with surface encapsulation using poly(ethylene glycol) to construct a highly selective probe MSN@CSN@PEG, with significantly improved selectivity and photostability. Moreover, MSN@CSN@PEG exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for endogenous H2S in cells and tumors in vivo, eliminating the interference of a high concentration of biothiols and sulthydryl proteins. Furthermore, the probe was applied to in situ intravital imaging and systematic assessment of hepatic H2S levels in different stages of NAFLD for the first time, which may offer a promising tool for the future study of fatty liver diseases and other chronic liver diseases.

关键词： 病理学教育   互联网   教学方式  

摘要： 病理学作为医学生学习的重要课程之一,要求学生既要掌握系统的理论知识,又要通过病理学的学习掌握基础的临床学科技能。这就要求在病理学教学过程中,既要有理论的系统教学,又要有广泛的实操教学,但是现实中因为课程时间不足等原因,难以满足病理学的以上两个要求。随着互联网特别是移动互联网的发展和普及,病理学教学理论与实操并行的可能性大大提高,伴随着大数据、深度分析等技术的成熟,个性化订制服务推送等得以实现。在这样的互联网背景下,让病理学教学改革有了新的出路。文章结合对现有病理学教学主要模式的探讨,结合当前病例学教学中存在的主要问题,探讨在病理学教学中采取全过程管控教学模式的可能。

关键词： Green synthesis   XRD   HRTEM   larvicidal and cytotoxicity studies  

摘要： Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been synthesised using bulb extract of Ledebouria revoluta. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were characterised by structural (XRD, FTIR), morphological (HRTEM) and optical (UV-Vis) analysis. XRD shows the bioengineered TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit an average crystalline size of 47 nm with tetragonal structure. In FTIR spectra, the peak 482 cm(-1) is indicating the presence of Ti-O stretching vibration. The morphology of bioengineered TiO2 nanoparticles shows a spherical shape. Antibacterial activity of L. revoluta bulb aqueous extract and TiO2 nanoparticles were evaluated against human pathogens. The larvicidal activity of TiO2 nanoparticles showed LC50 (18.960 mg/mL) and LC90 (77.097 mg/mL) against Aedes aegypti. Anti-lung cancer activity of TiO2 nanoparticles was examined using MTT assay and it results in IC50 value of 53.65 mu g/mL. Furthermore, bioengineered TiO2 nanoparticles will be applicable to pharmaceutical applications.

关键词： Lung cancer   pathological image   multi-instance learning   subtype classification  

摘要： Objective. Subtype classification plays a guiding role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, due to the gigapixel of whole slide images (WSIs) and the absence of definitive morphological features, most automatic subtype classification methods for NSCLC require manually delineating the regions of interest (ROIs) on WSIs. Approach. In this paper, a weakly supervised framework is proposed for accurate subtype classification while freeing pathologists from pixel-level annotation. With respect to the characteristics of histopathological images, we design a two-stage structure with ROI localization and subtype classification. We first develop a method called multi-resolution expectation-maximization convolutional neural network (MR-EM-CNN) to locate ROIs for subsequent subtype classification. The EM algorithm is introduced to select the discriminative image patches for training a patch-wise network, with only WSI-wise labels available. A multi-resolution mechanism is designed for fine localization, similar to the coarse-to-fine process of manual pathological analysis. In the second stage, we build a novel hierarchical attention multi-scale network (HMS) for subtype classification. HMS can capture multi-scale features flexibly driven by the attention module and implement hierarchical features interaction. Results. Experimental results on the 1002-patient Cancer Genome Atlas dataset achieved an AUC of 0.9602 in the ROI localization and an AUC of 0.9671 for subtype classification. Significance. The proposed method shows superiority compared with other algorithms in the subtype classification of NSCLC. The proposed framework can also be extended to other classification tasks with WSIs.

关键词： Biomarkers   Prognostic markers   Biomedicine   general   Cancer Research   Epidemiology   Molecular Medicine   Oncology   Drug Resistance  

摘要： Background Immunohistochemical loss of CDX2 has been proposed as a biomarker of dismal survival in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), especially in UICC Stage II/III. However, it remains unclear, how CDX2 expression is related to central hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-based morphologic parameters defined by 2019 WHO classification and how its prognostic relevance is compared to these parameters. Methods We evaluated CDX2 expression in 1003 CRCs and explored its prognostic relevance compared to CRC subtypes, tumour budding and WHO grade in the overall cohort and in specific subgroups. Results CDX2-low/absent CRCs were enriched in specific morphologic subtypes, right-sided and microsatellite-instable (MSI-H) CRCs (P < 0.001) and showed worse survival characteristics in the overall cohort/UICC Stage II/III (e.g. DFS: P = 0.005) and in microsatellite stable and left-sided CRCs, but not in MSI-H or right-sided CRCs. Compared with CDX2, all HE-based markers showed a significantly better prognostic discrimination in all scenarios. In multivariate analyses including all morphologic parameters, CDX2 was not an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion CDX2 loss has some prognostic impact in univariate analyses, but its prognostic relevance is considerably lower compared to central HE-based morphologic parameters defined by the WHO classification and vanishes in multivariate analyses incorporating these factors.