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关键词： Ordinary differential equations  

摘要： Biochemical molecules interact through modification and binding reactions, giving raise to a combinatorial number of possible biochemical species. The time-dependent evolution of concentrations of the species is commonly described by a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). However, the analysis of such high-dimensional, non-linear system of equations is often computationally expensive and even prohibitive in practice. The major challenge towards reducing such models is providing the guarantees as to how the solution of the reduced model relates to that of the original model, while avoiding to solve the original model. In this paper, we have designed and tested an approximation method for ODE models of biochemical reaction systems, in which the guarantees are our major requirement. Borrowing from tropical analysis techniques, we look at the dominance relations among terms of each species' ODE. These dominance relations can be exploited to simplify the original model, by neglecting the dominated terms. As the dominant subsystems can change during the system's dynamics, depending on which species dominate the others, several possible modes exist. Thus, simpler models consisting of only the dominant subsystems can be assembled into hybrid, piecewise smooth models, which approximate the behavior of the initial system. By combining the detection of dominated terms with symbolic bounds propagation, we show how to approximate the original model by an assembly of simpler models, consisting in ordinary differential equations that provide time-dependent lower and upper bounds for the concentrations of the initial model's species. The utility of our method is twofold. On the one hand, it provides a reduction heuristics that performs without any prior knowledge of the initial system's behavior (i.e., no simulation of the initial system is needed in order to reduce it). On the other hand, our method provides sound interval bounds for each species, and hence ca

关键词： Formal specification  

摘要： We present the second generation of a rule-based language called Biochemical Space Language (BCSL) that combines the advantages of different approaches and thus makes an effort to overcome several problems with existing solutions. The key aspect of the language is the level of abstraction it uses, which allows scalable and compact hierarchical specification of biochemical entities. This abstraction enables unique analysis techniques to reason about properties of models written in the language on the semantic and syntactic level. © 2020 The Author(s)

关键词： 生物化学与分子生物学   MOOC   教学改革   混合教学  

摘要： 目的探讨通过MOOC的混合式教学新模式在生物化学与分子生物学教学中效果。方法选取安徽中医药大学中西医结合专业2018级和2019级两个年级的本科生263名作为研究对象,2018级129名学生为对照组,2019级134名学生为实验组。对照组给予传统教学法,实验组给予基于MOOC的混合式教学模式,比较两组学习效果及满意度。结果实验组的总成绩及优良率显著高于对照组。实验组知识收获情况、学习效果评价、学习满意度均达到95%以上。与传统的教学方法相比,学生更加偏爱基于MOOC的混合式教学的新模式。结论基于MOOC的混合式教学模式应用于生物化学与分子生物学课程有助于提高学生自主学习能力和教学质量。

关键词： Aflatoxin B-1   essential oil   mode of action   nanoparticles   in-silico  

摘要： The antifungal and aflatoxin B-1(AFB(1)) inhibitory effect of chemically characterisedCallistemon lanceolatusessential oil (CLEO), chitosan nanoparticles, and CLEO loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CLEO-ChNPs) were investigated. Scanning electron microscope observation exhibited the spherical shape of prepared CLEO-ChNPs with an average range of 20-70 nm. Anin-vitrorelease study revealed the controlled volatilisation of CLEO from CLEO-ChNPs. The CLEO-ChNPs caused complete inhibition of growth (4.5 mu l/ml) and AFB(1)(4.0 mu l/ml) production byA. flavusat a low dose compared to free CLEO (5.0 mu l/ml). The antifungal and AFB(1)inhibitory toxicity of CLEO-ChNPs were elucidated using biochemical (effect on ergosterol biosynthesis, membrane cations, mitochondrial membrane potential, C-sources utilisation and cellular methylglyoxal level) and in-silico (interaction with the gene product Erg 28, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va, Omt-A, Ver-1, and Nor-1) approaches.

关键词： Ectonucleotidases   NTPDases   Extracellular nucleotides   Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells   Vascular diseases  

摘要： Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit a high degree of plasticity when they undergo the progression from a normal to a disease condition, which makes them a potential target for evaluating early markers and for the development of new therapies. Purinergic signalling plays a key role in vascular tonus control, ATP being an inductor of vasoconstriction, whereas adenosine mediates a vasodilation effect antagonising the ATP actions. The control of extracellular ATP and adenosine levels is done by ectonucleotidases, which represent a potential target to be evaluated in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we analysed the basal activity and expression of the ectonucleotidases in aortic rat VSMCs, and we further performed in silico analysis to determine the expression of those enzymes in conditions that mimicked vascular diseases. Cultured in vitro VSMCs showed a prominent expression of Entpd1 followed by Entpd2 and Nt5e (CD73) and very low levels of Entpd3. Slightly faster AMP hydrolysis was observed when compared to ATP and ADP nucleotides. In silico analysis showed that the ectonucleotidases were modulated after induction of conditions that can lead to vascular diseases such as, hypertensive and hypotensive mice models ( Nt5e);exposition to high-fat (Entpd1 and Entpd2) or high-phosphate (Nt5e) diet;mechanical stretch (Entpd1, Entpd2 and Nt5e);and myocardial infarction (Entpd1). Our data show that VSMCs are able to efficiently metabolise the extracellular nucleotides generating adenosine. The modulation of Entpd1, Entdp2 and Nt5e in vascular diseases suggests these ectoenzymes as potential targets or markers to be investigated in future studies.

关键词： 生物化学工程技术   绿色食品   生产   应用  

摘要： 绿色食品生产是生态农业的发展方向,利用现代生物化学工程技术,通过改造农作物的基因,改良品种增强农作物抗病虫害能力,解决养分供给,提高营养成分,并有效地减少农药、化肥用量,在提高产量的原则下,生产出安全、优质、高营养的绿色食物,实现经济效益与生态效益双丰收。

关键词： carbon nanotube   fiber   flexible   organic electrochemical transistor  

摘要： Precise and continuous monitoring of biochemicals by biosensors assists to understand physiological functions for various diagnostics and therapeutic *** implanted biosensors,small size and flexibility are essential for minimizing tissue damage and achieving accurate ***,the active surface area of sensor decreases as the sensor becomes smaller,which will increase the impedance and decrease the signal to noise ratio,resulting in a poor detection *** advantages of local amplification effect,organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)constitute promising candidates for high-sensitive ***,their detections in deep tissues are rarely ***,we report a family of implantable,fiber-shaped all-in-one OECTs based on carbon nanotube fibers for versatile biochemical detection including H2O2,glucose,dopamine and *** fiber-shaped OECTs demonstrated high sensitivity,dynamical stability in physiological environment and antiinterference *** implantation in mouse brain,7-day dopamine monitoring in vivo was realized for the first *** fiber-shaped OECTs could be great additions to the"life science"tool box and represent promising avenue for biomedical monitoring.

关键词： 生物化学   理论教学   实验教学   教学质量  

摘要： 生物化学理论教学与实验教学是培养大学生理论联系实际的有效教学方式。本文对生物化学教学目前存在的问题进行了分析,并对理论教学、实验教学和考核方法进行了相应的探讨,以期增强学生在教学过程中的主体地位,大力培养学生的自主学习、发现问题和解决问题的能力,提高课程的教学质量和学生的综合素质。

关键词： “互联网+”模式   医学生物化学   形成性评价  

摘要： “互联网+”模式已然成为当代医学教育体系的重要一环。教师应该充分利用网络资源和在线平台构建优质的网络化医学生物化学教学平台,完善医学生物化学教学体系,使医学生物化学教学方式更加丰富多样,利用网络平台进行学生学习数据分析,对学生的学习效果进行准确、精细化评价,将形成性评价与终结性评价相结合,使教学效果考核评价更加细致客观。

关键词： 生物化学实验   以本为本   多举措   教学改革  

摘要： 基于"以本为本"的教育方针,结合我院"生物化学实验"课程特点,我们采取了一系列改革措施以提升教学质量,在课程教学计划与内容设计、教学方式方法创新、教学团队建设、教学资源建设、课程评价体系优化等方面开展了教学改革探索与实践。结果表明,分专业制定教学计划,根据学科发展及时调整实验内容,是适于我院不同专业学生的生物化学实验的教学模式;不断丰富教学资源,采用先进的教学方式方法,是激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲的有效途径;优秀科研人才深入教学一线促进实验教学与科研的结合,有助于培养学生的创新思维能力;多元化评价体系的采用提高了学生自主学习能力和独立思考能力。以上举措有效提升了生物化学实验的教学质量。