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关键词： albumin   ascites   carcinoma   immunoglobulin   liver cirrhosis  

摘要： The biochemical composition of processed ascites is not well researched and may differ among institutions. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of processed ascites of 11 patients with liver cirrhosis and carcinoma who underwent cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy. The ascites due to carcinoma were more acidic and had higher lactate dehydrogenase activity than those due to liver cirrhosis. The ascites due to liver cirrhosis contained a higher amount of immunoglobulin than those due to carcinoma. Immunoglobulin preparations were approximately 2.95% IgG in liver cirrhosis ascites and 2.25% IgG in carcinoma ascites. Moreover, the concern about IgA infusion in the patient with IgA deficiency made it important to identify the source of the ascites. The present study provided fundamental information regarding the safety of cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy.

关键词： Apiaceae   Umbelliferae   Biogenesis   Essentialoil   Metabolism   Chemophenetics  

摘要： The Essential Oils (EOs) present numerous chemophenetic applications, mostly at infrageneric rank. EOs utilization for this purpose has been questioned because of the external stimulations that control their chemodiversity and quantitative composition. Therefore, they are considered as a class of natural products with questionable systematic significance. Present study exploiting the recent advances on plant volatile biogenesis aims to reestablish and expand the EOs chemophenetic significance. The presented methodology translates EO composition in a biochemical profile, through the chemical structure classification of EOs compounds that links their presence with the activation of endogenous biochemical procedures. The Apiaceae supra-generic classification was utilized to test the proposed methodology. In specific, 44 Greek indigenous Apiaceae taxa, representing all 10 tribes of Apioideae subfamily were collected, distilled and analyzed. The herein applied approach was focused in tribal rank and revealed 10 biochemical entities established on the diversification of their fundamental metabolic routes and biosynthetic pathways activation. The generated biochemical profiles were proven compatible with phenotypic and phylogenetic approaches, but also separated all tribes of Apioideae. Therefore, the proposed methodology can be considered as a promising new systematic tool, which is able to exploit the vast availability of EOs composition data.

关键词： Ajuga chamaepitys   Lamiaceae   Colitis   Ethnopharmacology   Metabolic disorder   Myeloperoxidase  

摘要： In Turkish folk medicine, aerial parts of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber subsp. chia (Schreber) are used for the treatment of diarrhea. The crude methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts;n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Effects of the methanol extract, subextracts and fractions were investigated in acetic acid-induced rat colitis model. The MeOH extract and n-BuOH subextract have regulated the caspase-3, myelopemxidase, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and antioxidant parameters. After confirmation of the activity against ulcerative colitis, n-BuOH subextract was subjected to more chromatographic separation for the isolation of compounds ajugoside (1), asperulosidic acid (2) and deacetyl-asperulosidic acid (3). As a conclusion, A. chamaepitys subsp. chia can be used in cell, tissue, or individual-specific treatments that will be developed in the future treatment of IBD, or as a complementary therapeutic agent that contributes to these treatments.

关键词： Grape seed extract   Phenolics   Antioxidants   Anthocyanin   Water deficit   Rootstock  

摘要： Pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries have shown great interest in grape seed extract due to its premium antioxidant activity with protective effects on human health. However, global climate change has already negatively affected the biochemistry and functionality of such nutraceutical crops. The present study was conducted to reveal the effects of sustained deficit irrigation on certain features of seed extracts obtained from the grape cultivar 'Prima' grafted on six genetically different rootstocks during two consecutive years. In both years, seed weight of 'Prima' grapes grafted on 5 BB significantly decreased in response to water treatments, although the other rootstocks did not impair the seed weight, except for 44-53 & x202f;M in 217. Significant decreases in antioxidant activity of the scion cultivar occurred in response to DI when grafted on 5 BB in both years and in 44-53 & x202f;M in 2017. However, the use of 99 & x202f;R, 110 & x202f;R and 140 Ru did not markedly impair the seed antioxidant activity in response to DI condition in both years. In both years, seed anthocyanins of FI vines were always higher than those of DI vines. In 2017, there were significant decreases in anthocyanins due to DI in vines grafted on 5 BB, 44-53 & x202f;M, 99 & x202f;R and 110 & x202f;R. These rootstocks also led significant decreases in anthocyanins of the second year, while the use of 140 Ru and 1613 & x202f;C rootstocks did not lead significant changes in anthocyanins in both two years. In 2017, total phenolics increased in response to DI, except for the vines grafted on 44-53 & x202f;M. Rootstock-dependent changes in total phenolics in response to irrigation treatments were insignificant for the vines grafted on 5 BB and 44-53 & x202f;M in both two experimental years. Averaged data showed that antioxidant activity showed significantly positive correlation with anthocyanins and total phenols. The findings are anticipated to guide future projects on enhancement of t

关键词： Fibrinolytic enzyme   Bacillus   Cheap substrates   Blood clot   Fibrinolytic agent  

摘要： Objectives: The main aim of this study is to isolate and characterize fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus flexus. Methods: Fish meal of Sardinella longiceps and anchovy was optimized using a two-level full factorial design (2(5)) and response surface methodology. The significant physical factors and nutrient sources (peptone, maltose, and magnesium chloride) were identified by statistical approach. The properties of a purified enzyme including their effect at different temperature, pH and the effect of metal ions were evaluated. Results: Enzyme yield was improved 3.5 fold than unoptimized medium. Central composite design optimized culture medium enhanced enzyme yield (4711 +/- 29.3 U/g of substrate). The fibrinolytic enzyme was highly active at alkaline pH (8.0), 50 degrees C and the molecular weight was 32 kDa. Conclusions: From these findings, it concludes that this fibrinolytic enzyme could be a novel potent thrombolytic agent. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

关键词： Vanadium   African giant rats   Hepatorenal toxicity   Biochemical assay   Ultrastructure  

摘要： We studied the hepatic and renal impact of sodium metavanadate (SMV) exposure in African giant rats (AGR). Twelve male AGR were used and divided into two groups. The control group received sterile water while the SMV-exposed group received 3 mg/kg SMV intraperitoneally for 14 days. SMV exposed AGR groups showed significantly decreased activities of serum AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine concentration but increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and globulin concentrations. Kidney ultrastructure examination revealed atrophy of the glomerular tuft, loss of podocytes, distortions of the endothelium and glomerular basement membrane. The liver sinusoids fenestration phenotypes were abnormal. Hepatocytes exhibited hypertrophy with uneven, crenated and dentate nuclei. SMV exposure induced activation of monocytes, as well as Kupffer and fibrous cells. Alterations in glomerular podocytes and cell-cell and cell matrix contact and inflammatory liver fibrosis are key events in progressive glomerular failure and hepatic damage due to SMV intoxication.

关键词： Heat stress   Pycnogenol   Oxidative stress   Apoptosis   Spermatogenesis  

摘要： Background: Heat stress is a condition that is due to extreme heat exposure. It occurs when the body cannot keep its temperature healthy in response to a hot climate and associated with oxidative stress. Testicular hyperthermia can induce apoptosis of sperm cells, affect sperm production and decrease sperm concentration, leading to sperm disorder, for this reason, we examined the protective impact of pycnogenol that it has a wide range of biological benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities against the oxidative alterations that happen in testicular and brain tissues due to heat stress in rats. Study design: Forty-eight Wistar male rats, approximately around 6 weeks age were allocated randomly into four groups (12 in each) of control, HS (subjected to heat stress and supplemented orally with 50 mg of pycnogenol/kg b. w./day dissolved in saline for 21 days), and pycnogenol (rats supplemented orally with 50 mg of pycnogenol/kg b. w./day dissolved in saline for 21 days). Results: Data revealed a promising role of pycnogenol as an antioxidant, natural product to successfully reverse the heat-induced oxidative alterations in testicular and brain tissues of rats through significant upregulation of superoxide dismutase-2, catalase, reduced glutathione, and anti-apoptotic gene, while downregulating proapoptotic, and heat shock protein70. Pycnogenol treatment also reversed the reproductive hormone level and spermatogenesis to their normal values. Conclusion: Pycnogenol as a natural protective supplement could recover these heat stress-induced oxidative changes in testes and hypothalamus.

关键词： Broken rice   Corn   Diet interaction   Polyphenols   Pomegranate peels   Sorghum  

摘要： This study investigated the interaction between polyphenols with different cereal sources and their effects on performance, serum biochemistry, corticosterone levels and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens reared under hot-humid environment. Newly hatched coloured broiler chicks (n = 240) were randomly divided into six groups with five replicates of two different cereal sources, namely corn and broken rice-sorghum combined, and three levels of pomegranate peel polyphenol extracts (PPP) 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg in each cereal groups. Birds were maintained under standard management conditions for six weeks during hot-humid environment (Temperature: 29-36 degrees C;Relative Humidity: 69-80%). Fortnight body weight and feed consumption were recorded and serum biochemical constituents were estimated at 28 and 42 days of age. The body weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in broken rice-sorghum diet than in corn diet. The supplementation of polyphenols increased the skin and shank pigmentation. Serum protein, lipids and minerals showed significant difference due to cereals, polyphenols and their interactions. Corn-fed birds had significantly higher visceral organs weight than the alternate grain-fed broilers. The serum corticosterone levels were significantly reduced in the PPP supplemented groups than the control, it could be concluded that, supplementation of 50 mg/kg polyphenol extract from pomegranate peels improved production performance in broilers fed broken rice-sorghum as cereal source under hot-humid conditions. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.

关键词： Clarias gariepinus   Morphological parameters   Haematology   Biochemistry   Clotrimazole   Toxicity  

摘要： Clotrimazole (CLO) is an imidazole fungicide used in human and veterinary medicine for treating fungal infection. This study evaluated the changes in morphological, haematological and biochemical indices in Clarias gariepinus juveniles exposed to CLO. After the acute exposure, the 96 h LC50 value of CLO determined by probit analysis was 38.79 mgl(-1). Based on this value, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 7.76, 3.89, 1.94 and 0.00 mgl(-1) (control) of CLO for 21 days and were allowed to recover for 7 days. The result revealed no significant effect on the hepatosomatic index and condition factor of the exposed fish. There were concentration and time-dependent significant decreases in red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) with significant increase in the white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) in the exposed group when compared with the control. A mixed trend was observed in the levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose values significantly increased, while protein levels were reduced (p < 0.05) throughout the 21-day exposure and the 7-day recovery period. The present research indicated that CLO may have potential toxic effect on non-target organisms especially fish and, therefore, should be monitored in the aquatic ecosystem.