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关键词： energy extraction   fat storage   gut microbiata   lipid oxidation   obesity  

摘要： Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract is colonized with trillions of bacteria that are specialized of numerous physiological and immunological functions. The gut microbiata have been shown to impact nutrients processing and energy extraction. Accordingly, a link between obesity and the diversity and size of gut microbiata has been established. This review discussed the possible biochemical mechanisms through which gut micobiota might impact obesity and fat storage regulations and processing. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Inc.

关键词： Buffalo   Egypt   Gentamicin   Prostaglandin   Days open   First estrus  

摘要： Improving reproductive performance of repeat breeder buffalo cows due to clinical endometritis is crucial in overcoming infertility problems in buffalo cows. The aim of the present study was to use PGF2 alpha and/or gentamicin 10% for treatment of endometritis and to determine biochemical parameters in serum that could be used to diagnose endometritis in buffalo cows. A total of 64 anestrous buffalo cows were assigned into one of five treatment groups: group one (n = 9) buffalo cows were physiological normal cows and served as a control group;group 2 buffalo cows had endometritis, but were not treated (n = 10);group 3 buffalo cows had endometritis and were treated with intrauterine delivery of 100 ml of a 10% gentamicin sulfate solution in three times within 1 week (n = 15);group 4 buffalo cows received two I.M. doses of PGF2 alpha (2 ml Estrumate IM) at the time of corpus luteum dominance (n = 15) (treatment 4 does not make sense as you stated that the cows were in anestrus) on the ovary;group 5 buffalo cows received two IM doses of PGF2 alpha at an 11 day interval and the 10% gentamicin solution as described for group 3. Serum samples were collected from control, pre-treated, and post-treated buffalo cows with endometritis to evaluate the diagnostic biochemical parameters. The days to first estrus (DFE), number of services per conception (S/C), days open (DO), and pregnancy rate (Preg) were the measures for determining reproductive performance for the buffalo cows. The buffalo cows treated by gentamicin and PGF2 exhibited their first estrus earlier than cows in the other four groups of cows. The number of days open for control cows was greater (P < 0.05) than for the other groups and the control cows, as were the number of services per conception (P < 0.05) and pregnancy rate (30%:P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify biochemical parameters in serum to predict endometritis. Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferas

关键词： Hyaluronic acid   Periodontics   Periodontitis   Periodontal treatment  

摘要： Background Recent studies reported that hyaluronic acid (HA) has anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, and anti-bacterial activities in dentistry, particularly in gingival disorders caused by subgingival plaque microorganisms. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the early term effects of HA as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on clinical parameters, periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), and adenosine deaminase (ADA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in periodontitis. Methods A total of 24 periodontitis patients per group were included in this randomized-controlled study. The study population was divided into four groups: in Group 1: SRP+ saline;in Group 2: SRP + HA gel;in Group 3: SRP+ HA mouth rinse;and in Group 4: SRP + HA mouth rinse + HA gingival gel were applied. At baseline and week 4, clinical parameters and PISA were calculated. Also, biochemicals' (ADA, CAT, and GSH) levels were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Results There was a statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters and PISA in all four groups in control sessions (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in ADA in GCF and significant increases in CAT and GSH levels after SRP (p < 0.05) in all four groups. The groups that were administered only gel (2nd and 4th) were different from other groups in terms of ADA, CAT, and GSH levels at 1st week (p < 0.05). Conclusion HA application as an adjunct to SRP did not affect the clinical results, although, in the control sessions following the application, the results were favorable for the biochemical data in gel-applied groups.

关键词： bariatric surgery   guidelines   nutrition   micronutrients  

摘要： Bariatric surgery is recognized as the most clinically and cost-effective treatment for people with severe and complex obesity. Many people presenting for surgery have pre-existing low vitamin and mineral concentrations. The incidence of these may increase after bariatric surgery as all procedures potentially cause clinically significant micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, preparation for surgery and long-term nutritional monitoring and follow-up are essential components of bariatric surgical care. These guidelines update the 2014 British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society nutritional guidelines. Since the 2014 guidelines, the working group has been expanded to include healthcare professionals working in specialist and non-specialist care as well as patient representatives. In addition, in these updated guidelines, the current evidence has been systematically reviewed for adults and adolescents undergoing the following procedures: adjustable gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch. Using methods based on Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology, the levels of evidence and recommendations have been graded. These guidelines are comprehensive, encompassing preoperative and postoperative biochemical monitoring, vitamin and mineral supplementation and correction of nutrition deficiencies before, and following bariatric surgery, and make recommendations for safe clinical practice in the U.K. setting.

关键词： Biochemical indices   ImmunoWall   Mucosal immunity   Persian sturgeon   Oxidative status   Prebiotic supplement  

摘要： The present study aims to shed light on the effects of yeast cell wall (ImmunoWall (R)) supplementation on biochemical indices, oxidative status, serum and mucus immune responses as well as disease resistance of juvenile Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). For this purpose, one hundred fifty three juvenile Persian sturgeons (47.78 0.39 +/- g) were distributed into nine tanks (500 L) and fed with basal diets containing two levels of yeast cell wall (YCW) 0.5% (T1) and 1% (T2) and a diet without YCW as control (0%). As shown by the results obtained at the end of 56-day feeding trial, YCW had no significant effect on glucose, cortisol, SGOT, lysozyme and IgM in serum (P > 0.05) albeit an enhancement of cholesterol, LDH, ALP and SOD and ACH50 was observed in fish fed YCW supplemented diets. However, plasma triglyceride levels were lower in fish fed YCW compared with the control group. Also, total protein content, lysozyme and protease activities in skin mucus were unaffected by the supplemented diets (P > 0.05) and only total immunoglobulin and ALP enzyme activity were significantly increased in T-1 and T-2 groups (P > 0.05). The cumulative mortality of the fish fed supplemented diets at the end of disease challenge was 100% where cumulative mortality of those fed the control diet was 75% (P < 0.05). The present study shows that increasing immune parameters in serum and mucus of juvenile Persian sturgeon by YCW dietary supplementation did not improve resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. According to the obtained results, the YCW supplementation at 0.5 and 1% in the juvenile Persian sturgeon diet is not recommended.

关键词： AMF   conventional till   labile carbon and nitrogen   long-term no-till (NTL)   microbial biomass carbon   microbial community structure   PLFA   short-term no-till (NTS)   soil enzymes  

摘要： Tillage activities play a crucial role in impacting soil physical and chemical properties, which in turn alter soil biochemical activities and microbial community structure. In this study, responses of soil biochemical activities and microbial community structure to short-term (NTS, <5 years) and long-term (NTL, >10 years) no-till (NT) systems were studied in comparison with conventional till (CT) at four different locations (Garretson, Crooks, Beresford and Mitchell) in South Dakota, USA. Data showed that the NTL resulted in increased soil labile and microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compared with the CT treatment at the Garretson, Crooks and Beresford sites. At the Crooks and Beresford sites, soils under NTL and NTS had significantly increased the beta-glucosidase, urease, arylamidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase enzyme activities compared with those under CT treatment. The beta-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase enzyme activities showed significant correlations with the microbial biomass content of the soils. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed increased PLFA content in NTL soils compared with the CT. The content of total bacterial, actinobacterial, Gram-positive bacterial, total fungal, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) and saprophyte PLFAs was consistently increased in the NTL and NTS compared with the CT soils at the Garretson site. These differences were more pronounced between NTL and CT systems than between NTS and CT systems in most of the studied sites. The findings suggest that usage of NT for a longer duration is highly beneficial to soil labile C and N pool retention and enzyme activities, and provides less disturbance to soil microbial activities and their functions, which in turn regulates nutrient transformation. Our results also suggest that converting CT soils into NT can improve some soil health indicators even over a short duration, and hence adopting NT can enhance soil microbi

关键词： antioxidant enzyme   ber   polyamines   quality   shelf life   spray  

摘要： The effects of the preharvest application of calcium chloride (1 and 2%), salicylic acid (1 and 2 mM), and putrescine (1 and 2 mM) on the quality attributes and biochemical changes of two ber (Ziziphus mauritianaLamk.) genotypes ("Sibi" and "Khormaee") were investigated at harvest and after 30 days of storage (5 +/- 1 degrees C and 85 +/- 5% RH). The results showed that softening and weight loss in the treated fruit were significantly lower in comparison with the control. The antioxidant capacity of the fruit was higher in treated fruit than the control. Moreover, all the treatments significantly reduced the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, increased the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and prevented the quick color change of ber fruit. The best overall visual quality (OVQ) was observed in the fruit treated with calcium chloride (1.5%) and putrescine (2 mM). Compared to the two genotypes, "Khormaee" showed a better appearance, relative to the "Sibi" genotypes. Practical applications Ber (Ziziphus mauritianaLamk.) fruit is a popular fruit which is cultivated widely in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world, due to its high nutritional value. It is rich in bioactive compounds and minerals. However, Indian jujube as a climacteric fruit is highly perishable and have a limited shelf life due to softening, browning, and shrinking. So that, the researchers still need more challenge to keep the quality of this fruit for consumers. In this study, the results showed that the preharvest application of calcium chloride (1.5%), putrescine (2 mM), and salicylic acid (2 mM) effectively kept the total quality of the Indian jujube fruit during storage by improving the firmness of the fruit, retarding the color change and browning, increasing the antioxidant enzymes such as;CAT and POD, and preserving the higher ascorbic acid. Therefore, these treatments can be useful to maintain the quality of Indian jujube during storage.

关键词： cylindrospermopsin   Egeria densa   uptake   oxidative stress   pigment contents   phytoremediation  

摘要： Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is being detected in surface waters more commonly and frequently worldwide. This stable, extracellular cyanotoxin causes protein synthesis inhibition, thus posing a risk to aquatic biota, including macrophytes, which serve as primary producers. Nevertheless, data regarding the effects caused by environmental concentrations of CYN is still limited. In the presented study, the uptake of CYN at environmental concentrations by the submerged macrophyte Egeria densa was investigated. Bioaccumulation, changes in the plant biomass, as well as shoot-length were assessed as responses. Variations in the cellular H2O2 levels, antioxidative enzyme activities, as well as concentrations and ratios of the photosynthetic pigments were also measured. E. densa removed 54% of CYN within 24 h and up to 68% after 336 h;however, CYN was not bioaccumulated. The antioxidative enzyme system was activated by CYN exposure. Pigment concentrations decreased with exposure but normalized after 168 h. The chlorophyll a to b ratio increased but normalized quickly thereafter. Carotenoids and the ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophylls increased after 96 h suggesting participation in the antioxidative system. Growth stimulation was observed. The ability to remove CYN and resistance to CYN toxicity within 14 days proved E. densa as suitable for phytoremediation;nonetheless, prolonged exposure (32 days) resulted in adverse effects related to CYN uptake, which needs to be studied further.