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关键词： 生物化学实验   实验教学改革   分层次实验课程体系  

摘要： 生物化学实验是多学科多专业的重要基础及提升课程,在高校生物学教学中承担重要角色。随着生命科学与技术的发展,高校生物化学实验教学需不断改革创新,以便阶段性地跟进该领域的科技发展。在新形势下,重新审视扩展课程的知识体系、确定阶段性的教学目标和内容、建立分层次的实验教学体系和多元化的教学模块,并适时升级软硬件配套,是高校生物化学实验课程逐步提升的可行途径。

关键词： 医学   生物化学与分子生物学   慕课  

摘要： 生物化学与分子生物学是医学院校的重要基础学科之一。慕课是一种新的学习和教育方式,是对传统教育模式的重要改革和完善。该文分析了传统教学方式的现状与弊端及慕课教方式的优势,重点阐述了慕课在生物化学与分子生物学课程中的应用,为促进医学院校生物化学与分子生物学教学改革提供参考。

关键词： Arsenic   Hepatotoxicity   Redox level   Mitochondrial dysfunction   Cell death  

摘要： Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid compound commonly found in the environment, and it is usually found in combination with sulphur and metals. Arsenic is considered as a therapeutic as well as poisoning agent since ancient times. It causes toxic effects on different organs, mainly the liver. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Here we envisaged the bridge between arsenic and hepatotoxicity with particular focus on the level of hepatic enzymes such as ALT, AST, and ALP. Here, we attempted to elucidate the role of arsenic in redox imbalance on increased oxidative stress (elevated level of ROS, MDA and NO) and decreased antioxidant levels such as reduced GSH, catalase, and SOD. Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction via apoptosis (AKT-PKB, MAPK, PI3/AKT, PKC delta-JNK, AKT/ERK, p53 pathways), fibrosis (TGF-beta/Smad pathway), and necrosis and inflammation (TNF-alpha, NF-kappa B, IL-1, and IL-6). Along with that, arsenic activates caspases and Bax, decreases Bcl2 through mitochondrial dysfunction, and induces apoptosis regulatory mechanism. We believe the alteration of all these pathways leads to arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion   Zero valent iron   Iron cycle   Contaminants removal  

摘要： Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is known to be an additive in facilitating waste treatment and improving biogas production in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems. This review concentrates on the chemical cycle of iron as well as the function of the iron cycle in the removal of four kinds of pollutants: organic carbon, ni-trogen, sulphur and phosphorus, which are commonly encountered in waste treatment. In recent studies, the addition of ZVI to an AD system promoted the in-situ production of CH4 from CO2, enabling carbon capture through biotechnology. Additionally, using iron-carbon microbial electrolytic cells in AD systems in order to accelerate electron transport, as well as specific pollutant degradation mechanisms, are illustrated in the present study. Particularly, the main factors affecting the removal efficiency of contaminants in a ZVI-AD system such as pH, VFA/ Alkalinity (ALK), oxidation-reduction potential and particle size are reviewed. According to the above characteristics, combined with technical model and economic analyses, an AD system based on ZVI was considered to be an economical, efficient and carbon-neutral pollutant treatment technology. Accordingly, Iron-based AD is suggested to be a promising and sustainable approach orientated to a circular economy, which may be applied to many waste treatments fields. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 混合式“金课”   在线精品课程   生物化学与分子生物学   教学实践  

摘要： 医学生物化学与分子生物学是一门重要的医学公共基础课程,其课程改革一向都是高等医学院校的工作重心。"互联网+智慧教学"时代的到来,对我国的高等教育教学改革研究产生了深远的影响。本文立足于高等医学院校人才培养的教育教学理念,依据国家精品在线开放课程项目的建设宗旨,以高等医学院校生物化学与分子生物学课程为例,从课程设计理念变革、教学内容、课程资源、教学方法、信息化教学技术的综合应用、多元化评价与反馈等方面探索并实践了在线精品课程的建设,为实现线上线下混合式"金课"教学模式的开展,深化高等院校基础医学教学改革,为国家培养优秀的医学专门人才积累了经验。

关键词： biochemical elements   invasion metastasis cascadesin   biophysical elements   tumor cells   tumor microenvironment   change microenvironmentwhich   malignant tumor   biochemical biophysical elementstumor  

摘要： The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in malignant tumor *** a place where tumor cells survive,the tumor microenvironment contains not only tumor cells themselves but also biochemical and biophysical *** cells can change the microenvironment,which in turn affects the survival and development of tumor *** malignancy is a highly regulated pathological process following a series of complex cellular-biological events called invasion–metastasis *** this correspondence,we intend to provide a comprehensive background on the tumor environment to inspire further innovations in relevant research areas in the future.

关键词： 生物化学   在线教学   知识   能力   思维   价值  

摘要： 疫情期间在线上教学和教育部金课建设的双重背景下,我校在四年制小班课尝试对生物化学课程的部分教学内容进行优化升级。设计思路是利用慕课将部分基础知识移至课前进行自主学习,以便课堂留出时间由教师组织更能引发学生思考的高阶段教学活动。本文以"代谢整合与调节"一章为例,配合慕课的使用设计了一整套升级教学内容的实用做法,涉及4个方面:基于综合归纳的知识内化升级,以思维导图进行理论复述,或者以讨论题驱动整合提炼;基于应用分析的能力训练升级,以情境代入分析题引导学生运用所学理论知识解决实际问题;基于哲学思考的思维引导升级,以教师总结拔高的方式引导学生重视普遍联系和永恒发展对于代谢学习的指导意义;基于情感态度的价值塑造升级,从代谢的整体性和动态性出发,引导学生在分子水平重新认识集体观念和变通意识的重要价值。调查问卷显示,上述4步升级设计的教学效果总体良好,并且针对实施过程中遇到的问题进行了反思。

摘要： The authors report no conflict of interest.

关键词： Gas sensor   Skin gas   Enzyme   ppb gas sensing   Biosensor   Gas concentrator  

摘要： We developed a biochemical gas sensor (bio-sniffer) using the enzymatic reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to target ethanol in skin gas. By introducing a gas concentrator using liquid nitrogen, we constructed a highly sensitive system for skin gas measurements. The ethanol bio-sniffer was built from an optical-fiber probe employing an ADH enzyme membrane, an UV-LED light source for excitation, and a photomultiplier tube. Ethanol was measured by detecting the autofluorescence of the coenzyme NADH due to the enzymatic reaction of ADH. We established a system for measuring concentrated gases by connecting the sensor with a gas concentrator and introducing concentrated skin gas to the sensing surface. This suppressed diffusion of the concentrated gases to achieve maximum fluorescence intensity by optimizing the measurement system. The calibration curve from obtained peak values showed ethanol gas can be measured over 1-3100 ppb, which included skin gas concentrations during alcohol consumption. Finally, when applied to measurements of ethanol in skin gas following alcohol consumption, the output was found to be dependent on concentration, similarly to using standard gases. Consecutive measurements were possible using periodic sampling with 6-min intervals for 180 min of monitoring. Skin ethanol concentrations rose from 20 min after consuming the alcohol, exhibited a peak value of 25 ppb skin gas ethanol at around 60 min, and gradually declined. Thus, the system can be used for non-invasive percutaneous evaluation of human volatile organic chemicals in blood.