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关键词： Prostate cancer   Staging   pT3   Biochemical recurrence   Gleason score   Lymph node metastasis  

摘要： The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system subdivides prostatic pT3 tumors into pT3a, which includes cases with extraprostatic extension (EPE) and pT3b, which is defined by the presence of seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) with or without EPE. Yet, it is not established whether combined SVI and EPE impart a worse prognosis compared to SVI alone. We studied a cohort of 69 prostatectomy patients with SVI with or without EPE. Patient age at the time of radical prostatectomy was documented and Gleason score and presence or absence of EPE and/or SVI were determined. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as a PSA rise > 0.2 ng/mL. The frequency of BCR was 33.9% in cases with combined EPE and SVI versus 12.5% in cases with SVI alone (relative risk = 2.71). An additional cohort of 88 patients also showed a higher frequency of lymph node metastasis of 29% in patients with combined SVI and EPE at the time of radical prostatectomy versus a 10% frequency of lymph node metastasis in patients with SVI alone (relative risk = 2.9). Based on our data, we propose further subdividing pT3 prostate cancers into three groups: EPE alone (pT3a), SVI alone (pT3b), and combined EPE and SVI (pT3c). This classification system would more accurately identify patients with pT3 prostate cancer who are more likely to experience worse outcomes and provide clinicians with additional information to aid in follow-up and postoperative treatment decisions.

关键词： C-reactive protein   gamma-glutamyl transferase   glucose   lipids   polygenic risk scores   risk stratification  

摘要： Mortality risk is known to be associated with many physiological or biochemical risk factors, and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) may offer an additional or alternative approach to risk stratification. We have compared the predictive value of common biochemical tests, PRSs and information on parental survival in a cohort of twins and their families. Common biochemical test results were available for up to 13,365 apparently healthy men and women, aged 17-93 years (mean 49.0, standard deviation [SD] 13.7) at blood collection. PRSs for longevity were available for 14,169 study participants and reported parental survival for 25,784 participants. A search for information on date and cause of death was conducted through the Australian National Death Index, with median follow-up of 11.3 years. Cox regression was used to evaluate associations with mortality from all causes, cancers, cardiovascular diseases and other causes. Linear relationships with all-cause mortality were strongest for C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose and alkaline phosphatase, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.16 (95% CI [1.07, 1.24]), 1.15 (95% CI 1.04-1.21), 1.13 (95% CI [1.08, 1.19]) and 1.11 (95% CI [1.05, 1.88]) per SD difference, respectively. Significant nonlinear effects were found for urea, uric acid and butyrylcholinesterase. Lipid risk factors were not statistically significant for mortality in our cohort. Family history and PRS showed weaker but significant associations with survival, with HR in the range 1.05 to 1.09 per SD difference. In conclusion, biochemical tests currently predict long-term mortality more strongly than genetic scores based on genotyping or on reported parental survival.

关键词： Somatic Embryogenesis   Carbohydrate   Protein   Pyrus communi   Genetic stability  

摘要： Carbon source plays an important role in the induction of embryogenic callus (EC). Therefore it is necessary to determine the effective carbohydrate for improving this process. In this study, different carbohydrates as sucrose, maltose, and sorbitol with different levels (0-30.g/L) were tested in the callus induction ofPyrus communis. At first, in solid culture, calli were divided in relation to their morphological appearance in EC and non-EC. EC was white or yellow with the granular aspect. The morphological study revealed the highest frequency of EC (28.5%) obtained at 30 g/L sucrose. Biochemical analyses showed EC exhibited both soluble sugar and protein high contents, while the starch was at the lowest level. As well as flow cytometry showed EC were genetically similar to donor explants. With transferring the EC into the liquid culture, then, subculturing calli along with 2 ml cell suspension on solid medium led to the globular embryo.

关键词： breath isopropanol   biosensor   NADH   secondary alcohol dehydrogenase   volatile organic compounds   gas sensor  

摘要： Our groups have previously developed a biochemical gas sensor to measure isopropanol (IPA) in exhaled air and have applied it for breath IPA investigation in healthy subjects and diabetes patients. In this study, the original bio-sniffer was modified with a series of components that improved the limit of detection (LOD). First, the modified IPA bio-sniffer used a C8855-type photomultiplier tube (PMT) that performed well in the photon sensitivity at the peak wavelength of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence. Second, the multi-core bifurcated optical fiber, which incorporated 36 fibers to replace the previous dual-core type, enhanced the fluorescence collection. Third, the optical fiber probe was reinforced for greater width, and the flow-cell was redesigned to increase the area of the enzyme-immobilized membrane in contact with the air sample. These modifications lowered the detection limit to 0.5 ppb, a significant increase over the previous 1.0 ppb. Moreover, the modified bio-sniffer successfully analyzed the IPA concentration in exhaled air from a volunteer, which confirmed its capability for real-world sample detection. The modified bio-sniffer is more applicable to breath measurement and the detection of other extremely-low-concentration samples.

关键词： gallbladder   kidney   liver   macaque   serum biochemistry   ultrasound  

摘要： Background Serum biochemistry and ultrasonography can be useful diagnostic tools in evaluating the general health condition of long-tailed macaques in rescue and rehabilitation centers. Methods This study was conducted to determine and correlate the serum biochemistry profile of 24 apparently healthy male and female rescued long-tailed macaques (LTM) with the body weight, crown-rump length, and ultrasonic histogram of liver parenchyma, gallbladder lumen, and renal cortices. Results There were no sex-related differences in serum biochemistry values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and total protein. Creatinine was positively correlated with body weights and crown-rump length. Multiple weak positive and negative correlations of organ-specific serum parameters and mean ultrasonic histogram of liver, gallbladder, and kidneys were observed. Conclusion This study established the correlations of serum biochemistry profile with ultrasonic histogram of liver, gallbladder, and kidneys and morphometry of rescued LTM.

关键词： Haematological parameters   Biochemical parameter   Blood cell morphology   K(2)EDTA   Lithium heparin   Schizopyge plagiostomus  

摘要： The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of lithium heparin and K(2)EDTA on haematology, biochemical parameters and blood cell morphology of snow trout Schizopyge plagiostomus inhabiting in Kashmir Himalayan region. The haematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cellcount (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte indices;mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), produced certain significant differences in their values with respect to both anticoagulants. Higher values of Hct, MCH and MCV while lower RBC count and MCHC values were recorded with a sample treated with K(2)EDTA compared to sample treated with lithium heparin. However, no significant change in Hb and WBC count was observed in the values of samples treated with both the anticoagulants. In the present study, the effect of two anticoagulant in biochemical parameters revealed that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST) produced significant (P < 0.05) differences. Higher AST and lower ALP activity were recorded in the sample treated with K(2)EDTA compared to overall values in serum. Morphometric analysis showed an increase in the RBC perimeter area in samples treated with K(2)EDTA as compared to samples treated with lithium heparin. On the basis of above findings, it is recommended that in fish blood analysis heparin as anticoagulant could be useful as compared to K(2)EDTA.

关键词： Modulation of receptor-mediated delivery   Tumor reprogramming   Reactive oxygen species   Interparticle plasmon coupling   Gamma glutamyl transferase  

摘要： Here we report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can reprogram cancer cells to increase the expression of specific receptors and modulate the delivery of nanomaterials. Gold and gamma-polyglutamic acid (gamma-PGA) hybrid nanoparticles (PGANP) were prepared via a facile single-step process. Gold nanoclusters in PGANP were dispersed within the tangled gamma-PGA matrix of the nanoparticles. The condensed assembly of gold nanoclusters in gamma-PGA matrix enabled the interparticle plasmon coupling effect, which lacks in single gold nanoparticles. Compared with gold nanoparticles of the similar sizes, PGANP showed significantly higher absorbance at near infrared (NIR) wavelength and light-to-heat converting ratios, resulting in greater temperature increase upon NIR light irradiation. Pretreatment of HeLa cancer cells with methylene blue (MB) generated reactive oxygen species. The ROS reprogrammed the cancer cells to express higher cell membrane levels of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), which is known to bind to gamma-PGA of PGANP. MB pretreatment significantly enhanced delivery of PGANP to cancer cells. Cancer cells internalized PGANP to a greater extent and, were highly susceptible to irradiation with NIR light, which reduced cell viability to near zero. In vivo, MB pretreatment of HeLa xenograft mice increased the expression of GGT in tumor tissues. In mice pretreated with MB and exposed to NIR irradiation, PGANP treatment resulted in complete tumor ablation. The strategy of actively reprogramming tumor membrane levels of target receptors could be widely applied to overcome the heterogeneity of cancer cells. Although we used interparticle plasmon coupling effect-based PGANP for proving the concept of receptor-modulated delivery, this strategy could be broadly applicable to the active modulation of the receptor-mediated delivery of anticancer nanomaterials.

关键词： 28-day mortality   acute respiratory distress syndrome   long noncoding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1   microRNA-125a   sepsis  

摘要： Background Sepsis is one of the main contributors to in-hospital deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) and microRNA (miR)-125a in sepsis. Methods LncRNA NEAT1 and miR-125a in plasma samples from 102 sepsis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In sepsis patients, general disease severity was assessed by acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Meanwhile, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurrence and mortality during 28 days were recorded. Results LncRNA NEAT1 was increased, but miR-125a was decreased in sepsis patients compared to HCs, and in ARDS sepsis patients compared to non-ARDS sepsis patients. The receiver's operative characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that higher lncRNA NEAT1 or lower miR-125a had certain predictive value for ARDS risk. Further multivariate logistic regression revealed miR-125a but not lncRNA NEAT1 was correlated with ARDS risk independently in sepsis patients. Additionally, lncRNA NEAT1 was positively, but miR-125a was negatively correlated with APACHE II score and SOFA score in sepsis patients. Moreover, higher lncRNA NEAT1 and lower miR-125a were observed in 28-day deaths compared to 28-day survivors and were correlated with increased accumulating mortality in sepsis patients. Conclusion LncRNA NEAT1 high expression and miR-125a low expression correlate with increased ARDS risk, enhanced disease severity, higher 28-day mortality, and negatively associate with each other in sepsis patients.

关键词： Drug delivery   Endocrine disorder   Gonadotropins   Herbal medicine   Insulin resistance   Lipid profile  

摘要： There is a renewed interest in the application of chitosan-based drug delivery systems over the last few years. In this study, the ionic gelation method was used to prepare chitosan-engaged tripolyphosphate ions, as the cross linking molecule, (Chit-TPP) and concurrent loading of the biomolecules of the ethanolic extract of fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, seed (FEC@NBC). The samples were characterized by SEM, DLS, TGA, FTIR, XRD, GC-MS, and zeta potential, and their effects on the related hormonal and biochemical factors of the rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were assessed. The estradiol valerate-induced PCOS in female rats was confirmed by vaginal smear test and subsequent histological screening. The PCOS-induced rats were treated by fennel seed extract (FSX), Chit-TPP, and FEC@NBC. The process of treatment was monitored by measuring the serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride after 16 days of treatment and compared with healthy control and untreated PCOS-control groups. The FEC@NBC administration contributed to the remarkable hormonal, glucose, and lipid profile regulation in the rats with PCOS. The significance of FEC@NBC performance in dealing with PCOS complications compared to that of the only extract could be resulted from the effective targeted delivery and stability of phytomolecules when encapsulated in Chit-TPP.