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关键词： diabetes mellitus   enzyme activity   liver   zinc  

摘要： Diabetes mellitus is a serious worldwide metabolic disease, which is accompanied by hyperglycaemia and affects all organs and body system. Zinc (Zn) is a basic cofactor for many enzymes, which also plays an important role in stabilising the structure of insulin. Liver is the most important target organ after pancreas in diabetic complications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective role of Zn in liver damage in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus. There are four experimental groups of female Swiss albino rats: group I: control;group II: control + ZnSO4;group III: STZ-induced diabetic animals and group IV: STZ-diabetic + ZnSO4. To induce diabetes, STZ was injected intraperitoneally (65 mg/kg). ZnSO4(100 mg/kg) was given daily to groups II and IV by gavage for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were killed under anaesthesia and liver tissues were collected. In the diabetic group, hexose, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid levels, arginase, adenosine deaminase, tissue factor activities and protein carbonyl levels increased, whereas catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities decreased. The administration of Zn to the diabetic group reversed all the negative effects/activities. According to these results, we can suggest that Zn has a protective role against STZ-induced diabetic liver damage.

关键词： Marine mysid   Microplastic   Growth   Population   20-Hydroxyecdysone   Oxidative stress  

摘要： In this study, a marine mysid, Neomysis awatschensis, was exposed to 1 x 10(3)-5 x 10(5) particles mL(-1) of polystyrene microbeads (1 and 10 mu m). Exposure to microplastics (MPs) resulted in ingestion and egestion in feces. MPs exposure during the early stage resulted in mortality and oxidative stress, while more mature stages were increasingly tolerant to MPs. Feeding rates were inhibited by MPs, and age-specific oxidative stress was observed. Growth parameters were significantly affected by MPs with lower 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) concentrations and longer intermolt durations. The number of hatched juveniles from females that were exposed to MPs was significantly lower than the control treatment, but no significant differences were observed between survival rates of newly hatched juveniles in the different treatments. Our results suggest that the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to MPs could be age- and size-specific and harmful for the maintenance of mysid populations.

关键词： ACE2   cardiovascular disease   COVID-19   pandemia   pharmacological agents   vaccine  

摘要： COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 first appeared in the Wuhan City of China and began to spread rapidly among people. Rapid progression of the outbreak has led to a major global public health problem of a potentially fatal disease. On January 30, 2020, WHO declared the pandemic as the sixth public health emergency of the world. Upon this, the whole country has started to take the necessary precautions. The new coronavirus uses membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter into the cells, such as SARS-CoV, and mostly affects the respiratory tract. Symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever (93%), fatigue (70%), cough (70%), anorexia (40%) and dyspnoea (34.5%). The elderly and people with underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and higher mortality. Currently, a large number of drugs and vaccines studies are ongoing. In this review, we discussed the virology, epidemiological data, the replication of the virus, and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases on COVID-19 pandemics, treatment and vaccines. Thereby, this study aims to neatly present scientific data in light of many regarding literature that can be a clue for readers who research this disease prevention and treatment. Significance of the study This review summarized current information on COVID-19 (epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory, cardiovascular diseases, ACE2 and pharmacological agents) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system, pharmacology, dysregulation of cellular function in disease, molecular and cell biology and physiology in the regulation of tissue function in health and disease.

ISBN: (纸本)9787312051333

ISBN: (纸本)9787561866719

关键词： 土壤污染   根际生物化学特性   TBECH降解   TBCO降解  

摘要： 新型溴代阻燃剂(NBFRs)作为传统溴代阻燃剂的替代品，是市场上新出现或最近在环境中检测到的一类含溴的有机污染物。NBFRs种类繁多，结构的多样导致了其与环境相互作用的复杂性。目前，NBFRs相关的研究主要集中于其环境分布、生物毒性以及光降解和生物转化等方面。土壤是污染物重要的汇，NBFRs在土壤中的检出种类和检出量逐年增加，因此NBFRs在土壤中的环境行为及效应需引起重视。根际是土壤-植物系统生物化学过程最活跃的区域，根际中复杂的化学与生物多样性的分子耦合有助于阐释土壤污染物转化与效应的微观机理，但目前的研究大多停留在根际影响传统溴代阻燃剂分布和转化现象的描述上，根际影响NBFRs降解和转化的分子机制还不清楚。且根际效应影响污染物迁移转化的机制研究还依赖于方法学的进一步提升。本文拟搭建基于组学方法研究根际化学多样性与生物多样性及其关联耦合，以1，2-二溴-4-（1，2-二溴乙基）环己烷(TBECH)和1，2，5，6-四溴环辛烷(TBCO)两种典型的手性NBFRs为目标污染物，通过植物盆栽和微宇宙培养实验探究根际过程对新型溴代阻燃剂转化与效应的作用。具体研究进展如下:　　(1)以黄瓜、玉米和黑麦草为模式生物，基于高分辨质谱技术结合高通量测序研究了典型植物非根际和根际土壤可溶性有机质(DOM)的化学分子组成以及微生物群落结构的多样性和独特性，进而通过共现网络分析建立了根际化学组分和微生物种群之间的耦合关联。结果表明，根际土壤DOC含量高于非根际，植物介导的过程降低了土壤的pH值，增加了根际土壤的阳离子交换量。FT-ICR-MS表征发现种植不同种属植物后土壤有机质组成具有特异性，且根际中含有非根际未鉴定出的有机分子2200个。总得说来，根际土壤DOM分子包含更多的杂原子（N、S和P）、较强的亲水性、更大的芳香性以及更多的难降解有机物，表现出了高而复杂的化学多样性特征。高通量测序表明植物类型能够显著改变根际土壤微生物种群的组成和相对丰度，变形菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门为土壤中的优势菌群。根际较非根际土壤存在其独有的微生物类群，根际与非根际土壤微生物群落结构在纲水平和门水平均表现为显著差异。进而，根际土壤有机质分子和微生物种群的网络关系显示根际土壤的DOM分子与特定的微生物类群之间存在强而显著的耦合关联（P＜0.05，|R|≥0.9）。黄瓜根际土壤中，酸杆菌和Methylomirabilota菌与木质素类和单宁类化合物呈负相关，髌骨细菌则呈正相关;玉米根际放线菌与木质素类和单宁类分子呈负相关，变形菌与脂质类分子呈负相关;而黑麦草根际中细菌菌门和DOM分子之间更多的是独特的对应关系，而非多种细菌菌门和DOM分子复杂的网络关系。以上结果强调了根际土壤有机质的异质性和微生物群落多样性之间联系，在分子水平探索了典型植物根际化学与生物的耦合关联机制，为深入研究植物-土壤-微生物的相互作用提供了依据。　　(2)利用微宇宙培养实验研究了根系分泌物对土壤中新型溴代阻燃剂TBECH和TBCO异构体和对映体的降解转化动态过程的影响;为揭示根系分泌物调控土壤中新型溴代阻燃剂消减转化的分子机理，应用FT-ICR-MS和高通量测序甄别了根际与污染物降解相关的标志性组分，筛选根际微生物优势菌群，解析了根系分泌物介导的污染土壤中可溶性有机质和微生物群落的动态效应及其两者的分子互作关系。结果表明，根系分泌物促进了土壤中TBECH和TBCO异构体和对映体的消减转化。土壤中发生了α-、β-TBECH向γ-、δ-TBECH的异构转化以及α-TBCO向β-TBCO的转化;且土壤中观测到了α-TBECH和β-TBCO的手性转化，α1-TBECH较α2-TBECH更易在土壤中累积，而β1-TBCO较β2-TBCO更易在土壤中降解和转化。持续添加根系分泌物后土壤DOM分子组成的多样性显著增加，且随时间延长呈现出(1)分子量增大，(2)杂原子化合物含量增加，(3)疏水性增强，(4)芳香性增强和难降解类化合物的累积趋势。高通量测序发现添加根系分泌物后土壤微生物群落多样性显著增加。在门水平，放线菌门和绿弯菌门在土壤中的相对含量随时间延长而增加;变形菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对含量却随时间逐渐降低。根系分泌物介导下，TBECH和TBCO污染土壤中特定的DOM分子和细菌菌门之间能够形成独特的互作关系，两者相互作用的复杂性随时间而增强，且逐渐形成不同的网络中心。皮尔森相关分析表明TBECH和TBCO的异构体和对映体的降解转化分别与特定的DOM标识性组分和细菌菌门相关联。本文明确了根系分泌物介导的TBECH和TBCO降解和转化的生物和非生物作用机制，为根际修复土壤新型溴代阻燃剂污染提供了支持。

关键词： 项目式学习   中等职业教育   生物化学   课程改革  

摘要： 中等职业教育为我国培养了大量的高素质技能型人才,国家也大力发展中职教育。项目式学习作为一种探究性教学方法,其致力于培养学生的综合能力和专业素养,与中职教育的培养目标具有高度的一致性,因而受到中职学校和教师的欢迎。《生物化学》是中职多个专业的基础课,对于学生的学习起到奠定基础的作用,但笔者经查阅文献,发现关于项目式学习在《生物化学》课程中的应用研究较少,且基本为期刊文章,没有具体的课堂实践过程。本文基于此背景对项目式学习在中职《生物化学》课程中的应用展开了研究。本研究通过学习项目式学习的相关理论,然后根据《生物化学》课程的特点,依据项目式学习的一般方式,开发项目式学习案例,探究实践效果。首先,本研究通过对中职学校《生物化学》课程教学现状进行调查分析,发现中职《生物化学》课程教学中存在授课方式单一、理论知识讲解时间过多、课堂互动较少和评价方式不合理等问题,究其原因,还是因为教学方法运用的问题,而项目式学习的优势和对传统教学的有益补充,使得项目式学习在中职《生物化学》中的应用具有可行性。其次,在明确了项目式学习在中职《生物化学》中应用的大致框架后,以教材相关内容开发了适合中职学生的项目式学习案例—项目“科学认识艾滋病”和“三聚氰胺毒奶粉事件调查”。实践结果分析表明,在《生物化学》课堂中学生对项目式学习的方法接受程度和总体评价都很高,通过项目式学习活动,学生对生物化学知识的理解程度、课堂注意力和团队合作能力都大幅提高,提升了学生对《生物化学》的学习兴趣和学习效果。最后,笔者梳理了此次研究的研究成果、研究局限性和对未来的展望,并对实践过程中出现的问题提出一些建议:1.提升教师自身素质2.确定评价标准,严格执行标准3.选择真实的项目教学材料4.及时表扬激励学生5.采用灵活的时间安排,合理安排项目探究时间。

摘要： 《生物化学与生物物理进展》拟于2022年1月出版主题为"蛋白质与多肽的检测和治疗(Protein and Peptide Diagnostics and Therapeutics)"的基础研究专刊。现诚邀海内外科研工作者来稿,稿件形式为研究报告或者综述,稿件文字中英文皆可。

关键词： 速课平台   微课辅助   生物化学  

摘要： 基于速课平台，采用课堂讲授和微课辅助的方式构建新型教学模式，对照传统教学模式，进行普通班与实验班的对比研究，结果显示实验班的平均成绩优于普通班，问卷结果显示多数学生满意微课辅助教学模式。借助速课平台构建的微课辅助教学是常规生物化学教学的有力补充，显著提高了教学质量，有助于不断优化生物化学教学模式。