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关键词： Attitudes toward biochemistry   biochemistry learning   inquiry   meaningful learning   practical skills  

摘要： Biochemistry learning in higher education not only aims to allow students to remember the concepts learned, but also to achieve meaningful learning. This study examines the implementation of the multilevel inquiry approach in order to achieve meaningful biochemistry learning. Such as approach begins with a structured inquiry, leading to a guided inquiry, and ending with an open inquiry on topics that are connected to each other. A posttest-only control group design was employed, with a total sample of 87 students taking biochemistry courses. The control class consisted of 43 students, with 44 students in the experimental class. The variables tested were learning outcomes, practical skills, and attitudes toward biochemistry, while the effect of the implementation of multilevel inquiry on these three variables was analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results show that the class that applied the multilevel inquiry approach achieved higher scores in all three variables than the control class. The MANOVA test shows that the implementation of this approach has a positive effect on the three variables, which represent the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains, and that multilevel inquiry was able to foster meaningful learning in biochemistry courses. (c) 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2019.

关键词： Allium cepa L   Antioxidant   Chromosomal aberrations   Copper   Genotoxicity   Lipid peroxidation   Micronucleus   Resveratrol  

摘要： Excessive copper (Cu) exposure ultimately results in toxicosis in all organisms. The protective potential of resveratrol compound against the CuCl2 toxicity was evaluated in Allium cepa L. root tip cells. For this aim, A. cepa bulbs were divided into six groups and the groups were treated with tap water, 400 mg/L resveratrol, 800 mg/L resveratrol, 20 mu M CuCl2, 400 mg/L resveratrol + 20 mu M CuCl2, and 800 mg/L resveratrol + 20 mu M CuCl2 solutions, respectively for 72 h. The first group irrigated with tap water was accepted as control. All groups were screened for the germination percentage, root elongation, total bulb weight gain, micronucleus (MN) frequency, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations, and anatomical changes. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation were investigated. It was found that CuCl2 exposure alone triggered a definite negative effects on all parameters examined. On the other hand, the groups treated with resveratrol did not have statistically different values compared to the control group. Resveratrol doses induced a remarkable recovery in growth parameters including germination percentage, root elongation, and total bulb weight gain when applied with CuCl2. In these groups, MN frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and anatomical abnormalities were alleviated, whereas the MI levels increased significantly. Moreover, lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant enzyme activities showed a marked amelioration when resveratrol and CuCl2 were applied together. Copper compounds have become common pollutants due to their direct uses as pesticides in agricultural areas as well as their spreading to natural areas from industrial fields. The study clearly demonstrated the therapeutic potential of resveratrol against the harmful effects of CuCl2 exposure in Allium roots. So, resveratrol could be considered as a plant-derived restorative agent for th

关键词： dietary fiber   gluten-free   minor cereals   sorghum   teff  

摘要： Background and objectives Most commonly used gluten-free cereals, as rice and corn, are reputed to be inferior in their nutritional value, particularly regarding dietary fiber and proteins content. The use of minor cereals has been limited also because of their reduced technological and sensory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate five food-grade sorghum hybrids and three teff genotypes (brown and white grain), for their technological, biochemical, and nutritional characteristics, and to test their suitability for the formulation of innovative wholegrain, gluten-free products of high nutritional value. Findings Both sorghum and teff revealed a protein and total dietary fiber content of 9%-12% (w/w), and good technological properties. Conclusions The present study indicated that these niche cereals manifest their technological and nutritional potential, also in Italian pedo-climatic conditions, constituting promising raw materials for enhancing the diversification in nutrition, contributing to the development of healthier foods and sustainable agriculture. Significance and novelty Sorghum and teff could meet the need of gluten-intolerants and health-conscious consumers and encourage the use of niche crops also in Western Countries.

关键词： periodontal ligament   orthodontic tooth movement   Raman spectroscopy   proteins   CH2 and CH3 modes  

摘要： The aim of the study was to examine the biochemical and structural changes occurring in the periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic-force application using micro-Raman spectroscopy (mu-RS). Adolescent and young patients who needed orthodontic treatment with first premolar extractions were recruited. Before extractions, orthodontic forces were applied using a closed-coil spring that was positioned between the molar and premolar. Patients were randomly divided into three groups, whose extractions were performed after 2, 7, and 14 days of force application. From the extracted premolars, PDL samples were obtained, and a fixation procedure with paraformaldehyde was adopted. Raman spectra were acquired for each PDL sample in the range of 1000-3200 cm-1 and the more relevant vibrational modes of proteins (Amide I and Amide III bands) and CH2 and CH3 modes were shown. Analysis indicated that the protein structure in the PDL samples after different time points of orthodontic-force application was modified. In addition, changes were observed in the CH2 and CH3 high wavenumber region due to local hypoxia and mechanical force transduction. The reported results indicated that mu-RS provides a valuable tool for investigating molecular interchain interactions and conformational modifications in periodontal fibers after orthodontic tooth movement, providing quantitative insight of time occurring for PDL molecular readjustment.

关键词： Imazethapyr herbicide formulation   Lethality   Genotoxicity   Oxidative stress   Morphological and behavioral alterations  

摘要： Genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects on Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles were evaluated after exposure to an imazethapyr (IMZT)-based commercial herbicide formulation, Pivot (R) H (10.59% IMZT). A determination of the value of the lethal concentration (LC50) was determined as a toxicological endpoint. Alterations in animal behavior and morphological abnormalities as well as cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were employed as individual sublethal endpoints. Micronuclei frequencies (MNs), binucleated cells (BNs), blebbed nuclei (BLs), lobed nuclei (LBs), notched nuclei (NTs), erythroplastids (EPs), and evaluation of DNA strand breaks were employed as genotoxic endpoints. All biomarkers were evaluated after 48 and 96 h of exposure to concentrations of IMZT within 0.07-4.89 mg/L. LC50(96h) values of 1.01 and 0.29 mg/L IMZT were obtained for Gosner stages 25 and 36, respectively. Irregular swimming, diamond body shape, and decreased frequency of keratodonts were detected at both sampling times. Results showed that IMZT increased GST activity and MN frequency at 48 and 96 h of exposure. Other nuclear abnormalities were also observed in the circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles, i.e., NT and BL values after 48 h, and LN, BL, and EP values after 96 h. Finally, results showed that IMZT within 0.07-0.22 mg/L increased the genetic damage index in tadpoles exposed for both exposure times (48 and 96 h). This study is the first to report the sublethal biochemical effects of IMZT in anurans and is also the first report using L. latinasus tadpoles as a bioindicator for ecotoxicological studies.

关键词： 生物化学   高等职业教育   教材  

ISBN: (纸本)9787568058308

摘要： 本书是全国高职高专医药院校“十三五”规划教材。全书共分十三章，内容包括绪论，蛋白质的结构与功能，核酸的结构与功能，维生素，酶，生物氧化，糖代谢，脂类代谢，氨基酸代谢，核苷酸代谢，肝的生物化学，水、无机盐代谢及酸碱平衡，基因信息的传递和表达。教材的理论部分后附有实验指导，共有六个实验，理论联系实际，具有指导意义。本书根据新教学改革的要求和理念，结合我国高等职业教育发展的特点，按照相关教学大纲的要求编写而成，内容、全面，详略得当。本书以二维码的形式增加了网络增值服务，内容包括教学ppt、具体任务分析答案、直通护考答案，提高了学生学习的趣味性。本书适用性、实用性、可读性强，主要适合于护理、助产等学生使用。

关键词： acute kidney injury   angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor   angiotensin receptor blocker   chronic kidney disease   heart failure  

摘要： Aims Therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) is a mainstay of treatment for heart failure (HF), diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These agents have been associated with development of acute kidney injury (AKI) during intercurrent illness. Risk factors for AKI in patients prescribed ACEi/ARB therapy are not well described. Methods We captured the incidence of AKI in patients commencing ACEi/ARB during 2009-2015 using anonymised patient records. Hospital-coded AKI was defined from hospital episode statistics;biochemical AKI was ascertained from laboratory data. Risk factors for biochemically detected and hospitalised AKI were investigated. Results Of 61,318 patients prescribed ACEi/ARB, with 132 885 person years (py) follow-up, there were 1070 hospitalisations with AKI as a diagnosis recorded and a total of 4645 AKI events, including AKI episodes indicated by biochemical KDIGO-based creatinine change criteria. Incidence of any AKI event was 35.0 per 1000-py, hospital-coded AKI was 7.8 per 1000-py and biochemical AKI was 33.7 per 1000-py. Independent risk factors in a multivariable model for hospital-coded AKI events were age, male gender, HF, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, socioeconomic deprivation, diuretic or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory use (all P < 0.001). Conclusion In patients prescribed ACEi/ARB, the highest risk of AKI is associated with conditions which are considered strong evidence-based indications for their prescription. Socio-economic status is an under-reported risk factor for AKI with these agents. Strategies targeted at prevention of AKI may be of benefit, such as enhanced awareness based on higher risk comorbidities.

关键词： Aeribacillus pallidus   lipase   oil biodegradation   thermo alkaliphilic  

摘要： Treatment of oily wastewater is constantly a challenge;biological wastewater treatment is an effective, cheap and eco-friendly technology. A newly thermostable, haloalkaline, solvent tolerant and non-induced lipase from Aeribacillus pallidus designated as GPL was purified and characterized of biochemical and molecular study for apply in wastewater treatment. The GPL showed a maximum activity at 65 degrees C and pH 10 after 22 h of incubation, with preference to TC4 substrates. Pure enzyme was picked up after one chromatographic step. It displayed an important resistance at high temperature, pH, NaCl, at the presence of detergents and organic solvents. In fact, GPL exhibited a prominent stability in wide range of organic solvents at 50% (v/v) concentration for 2 h of incubation. The efficiency of the GPL in oil wastewater hydrolysis was established at 50 degrees C for 1 h, the oil removal efficiency was established at 96, 11% and the oil biodegradation was confirmed through fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The gene that codes for this lipase was cloned and sequenced and its open reading frame encoded 236 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acids sequence of the GPL shows an important level of identity with Geobacillus lipases.

关键词： East Mediterranean Water Masses   Sub-basins   Seasonal variability   Nutrient distributions   Oxygen consumption   Biochemical and optical properties   Particle dynamics   Nitrogen stable isotopes  

摘要： Multidisciplinary surveys were conducted in October 2014, May 2015 and December 2015 in three major deep basins of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMED) - the north Aegean Sea, the south Aegean (Cretan Sea) and its straits, and the south Ionian Sea - providing the most recent information on physical, biochemical and particle dynamics, along with nitrogen stable isotope composition. A north-south gradient in oligotrophy was observed, presumably related to more pronounced nutrient supply through the inflow of Black Sea Water and riverine inputs in the surface waters of the north Aegean Sea, coinciding with the relatively higher productivity in this area. Consumption rates of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in the deep waters of the north Aegean Sea reveal the physical dynamics of the subsurface layers. According to this, it seems that no deep water formation has occurred in the Athos basin after 2008. In the Cretan Sea, the Transitional Mediterranean Water mass was identified at the layer 700-1200 m showing a slight decrease in its core depth, when compared with previous studies in the area. Seasonal variations of DO and salinity in the deep waters of the Ionian Sea indicate the intrusion of more oxygenated and less saline waters of Adriatic origin in the bathypelagic layer of the south Ionian Sea. Detailed determination of stable isotope ratios for nitrate (delta N-15-NO3) and suspended particulate nitrogen (delta N-15-PN) in various water column depth of the three basins showed a further decrease of the overall low EMED delta N-15 signal, when compared with previous studies in the area. This trend can be attributed to the onward atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic N to the EMED. The delta N-15-PN depth profiles exhibited clear Rayleigh-type isotope fractionation and associated with remineralisation throughout the water column, implying that the unique, isolated oceanic basins of the Eastern Mediterranean serve as important marine observatories of anthropogenic influences o

关键词： Seizure   Postictal syndrome   Epilepsy   Todd paralysis  

摘要： Postictal syndrome (PIS) encompasses the clinical, biological, electroencephalographic (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs that follow the termination of a seizure. These signs occur as soon as the epileptic discharge ends, but might remain for a substantially long period of time, making them amenable to clinical observation. As a direct consequence, neurologists and intensivists are more frequently attending patients with PIS than during their seizure. Moreover, careful PIS documentation may help physicians to diagnose epileptic seizure from other non-epileptic disorders. Careful analysis of PIS could also be helpful to better characterize the seizure (seizure subtypes, and to some extent, the localization and/or lateralization of the seizure). This article aims to review the main clinical, biological, EEG and MRI components of PIS, discuss differential diagnoses and propose a general clinical attitude, based on the acronym "WAITTT": W for "Watch", to monitor and investigate PIS in order to provide relevant information on seizure, AIT for "Avoid Inappropriate Treatment", to underscore the risk carrying out unnecessary drug injections and intensive care procedures in the setting of a self-limited symptomatology, and TT for "Take Time", to keep in mind that time remains the clinician's best ally for treating patients with PIS. (C) 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.