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关键词： 学生能力培养   大学生物化学   教学改革  

摘要： 生物化学作为一门基础性且必修的课程,理论概念性较强,内容相对抽象,代谢途径错综复杂,知识时常革新。高 校生在综合学习生物化学理论知识的同时,还需时刻掌握该领域中的最新应用技术与理论成果,从而有效培育高校生的综合能 力。因此,笔者基于学生能力培养视角下,研究探析了有助于提升教学效率的各个环节,从而更好地取得培育综合型应用人才的 教学目标。

关键词： Glycolysis   Pyruvate kinase   Enzymatic characterization   CD and fluorimetric analysis   Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations  

摘要： Entamoeba histolytica infection is highly prevalent in developing countries across the globe. The ATP synthesis in this pathogen is solely dependent on the glycolysis pathway where pyruvate kinase (Pyk) catalyzes the final reaction. Here, we have cloned, overexpressed and purified the pyruvate kinase (EhPyk) from E. histolytica. EhPyk is the shortest currently known Pyk till date as it contains only two of the three characterized domains when compared to the other homologues and our phylogenetic analysis places it on a distinct branch from the known type I/II Pyks. Our purification results suggested that it exists as a homodimer in solution. The kinetic characterization showed that EhPyk has maximum activity at pH 7.5 where it exhibited Michaelis-Menten's kinetics for phosphoenolpyruvate with a of 0.23 mM, and it lost its activity at both the acidic pH 4.0 and basic pH 10.0. We also determined the key secondary structural elements of EhPyk at different pH values. MD simulation of EhPyk structure at different pH values suggested that it is most stable at pH 7.0, while least stable at pH 10.0 followed by pH 4.0. Together, our computational simulations correlate well with the experimental studies. In summary, this study expands the current understanding of the EhPyk identified earlier in the amoebic genome and provides the first characterization of this bacterially expressed protein.

摘要： The use of renewable waste feedstocks is an environment-friendly choice contributing to the reduction of waste treatment costs and increasing the economic value of industrial by-products. Glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol), a simple polyol compound widely distributed in biological systems, constitutes a prime example of a relatively cheap and readily available substrate to be used in bioprocesses. Extensively exploited as an ingredient in the food and pharmaceutical industries, glycerol is also the main by-product of biodiesel production, which has resulted in a progressive drop in substrate price over the years. Consequently, glycerol has become an attractive substrate in biotechnology, and several chemical commodities currently produced from petroleum have been shown to be obtained from this polyol using whole-cell biocatalysts with both wild-type and engineered bacterial strains. Pseudomonas species, endowed with a versatile and rich metabolism, have been adopted for the conversion of glycerol into value-added products (ranging from simple molecules to structurally complex biopolymers, e.g. polyhydroxyalkanoates), and a number of metabolic engineering strategies have been deployed to increase the number of applications of glycerol as a cost-effective substrate. The unique genetic and metabolic features of glycerol-grown Pseudomonas are presented in this review, along with relevant examples of bioprocesses based on this substrate - and the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies implemented in bacteria of this genus aimed at glycerol valorization.

关键词： Fatty acids   Lipid classes   Metal bioaccumulation   Tunisian lagoons   Venerupis decussata  

摘要： The present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical status of Venerupis decussata collected seasonally from two Tunisian coastline lagoons (Ghar El Melh and Boughrara) submitted to different anthropogenic levels. Trace elements were significantly higher in clams from Boughrara, especially during the warm season. Fatty acids, proximate compositions, and nutritional value of both clam populations were higher, appearing to be the best for human consumption principally during the spring season. The principal component analysis was determined, including phospholipids and reserve lipids, revealing a great variation with the exogenous and endogenous factors. Generally, clams from Boughrara had a significant alteration in biochemical composition principally due to the anthropogenic levels and physicochemical fluctuation of this lagoon. Our results reflected the healthy benefit of clam consumption and the use of energy reserves and essential fatty acids as a great biomarker to assess ecological risk in lagoons and other coastal ecosystems.

关键词： 生物化学   研究生   入学考试   自学参考资料  

ISBN: (纸本)9787536977549

摘要： 书中提炼最新版生物化学教材所有重点内容，以简练容易理解的文字重新诠释，极大提高复习效率；标记第九版教材新增内容，方便没时间看最新教材的同学使用。由于生物化学考试需要记忆内容极多，本书借用同音记忆法，表格记忆法及联想记忆法等，帮助同学们在短时间内牢记更多的内容。本书在知识点均标记真题考试年份及题号，考生使用本书可有效把握高频考点，还原到教材，并在课程中介绍预测考点。是适合考研学生的实用参考书。

关键词： Upper-Division Undergraduate   General Public   Chemical Education Research   Biochemistry   Curriculum   Laboratory Instruction   Inquiry-Based/Discovery Learning   Testing/Assessment   Proteins/Peptides   Computational Chemistry  

摘要： A course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) is a teaching approach aimed at developing students' ability to conduct novel research. Although students' perceptions of their learning during CUREs may not reflect actual student learning, such surveys provide a convenient and useful metric for course evaluation. Instructors can use survey findings both to improve instruction and to identify areas of student difficulty. Although various reports have presented data on student perceptions of CUREs, these have not delved deeply into students' perceived knowledge, experience, and confidence (KEC) regarding specific research abilities that instructors anticipate students will develop. This study addresses this issue by investigating changes in students' perceived KEC regarding previously identified anticipated learning outcomes (ALOs) for the biochemistry authentic scientific inquiry laboratory (BASIL) CURE. The following research questions were addressed: How do students' perceptions of KEC for specific ALOs change during a BASIL CURE course? How do student perceptions of their KEC regarding specific BASIL ALOs vary across different implementations of BASIL CURE courses? To answer these questions, a participant perception indicator (PPI) survey was used to measure students' KEC for the BASIL ALOs. Participants were students in one of 10 courses implementing the BASIL CURE at seven different academic institutions. Student pooled response data across all implementations showed significant gains in their KEC, with large effect sizes. Furthermore, differences in students' KEC were detected between course implementations. These findings will provide instructors of the BASIL CURE and potentially other CUREs with a useful framework for the focus of assessment design and the consequent identification and remediation of student difficulties related to the various research abilities or ALOs.

关键词： Oligomerization   Genetics   Monomers   Oligomers   Nucleic acid structure  

摘要： The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-binding protein (PLPBP) is an evolutionarily conserved protein linked to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-binding. Although mutations in PLPBP were shown to cause vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy, its cellular role and function remain elusive. We here report a detailed biochemical investigation of human PLPBP and its epilepsy-causing mutants by evaluating stability, cofactor binding, and oligomerization. In this context, chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry unraveled an unexpected dimeric assembly of PLPBP. Furthermore, the interaction network of PLPBP was elucidated by chemical cross-linking paired with co-immunoprecipitation. A mass spectrometric analysis in a PLPBP knockout cell line resulted in distinct proteomic changes compared to wild type cells, including upregulation of several cytoskeleton- and cell division-associated proteins. Finally, transfection experiments with vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy-causing PLPBP variants indicate a potential role of PLPBP in cell division as well as proper muscle function. Taken together, our studies on the structure and cellular role of human PLPBP enable a better understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanism of this important protein.

关键词： Alternaria blight   Disease resistance   Histopathology   Necrotrophs   PR-proteins   ROS  

摘要： Alternaria blight is one of the most devastating diseases of rapeseed-mustard caused by a necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicae. Lack of satisfactory resistance resource in Brassica is still a main obstruction for developing resistance against Alternaria. In this study, we have selected Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba and Camelina sativa to understand and unravel the mechanism of disease resistance against Alternaria. Histopathological studies showed early onset of necrosis in B. juncea (1 dpi) and delayed in S. alba (2 dpi) and C sativa (3 dpi) respectively. Early and enhanced production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was observed in C sativa and S. alba (6 hpi) when compared to B. juncea (12 hpi). An increase in catalase activity was observed in both C. sativa (36 % at 6 hpi) and S. alba (15 % at 12 hpi), whereas it significantly decreased in B. juncea at 6 hpi (23 %), 12 hpi (30 %) and 24 hpi (8 %). Gene expression analysis showed induction of PR-3 and PR-12 genes only in C sativa and S. alba when compared to B. juncea suggesting their vital role for Alternaria resistance. In contrast, SA marker genes were significantly expressed in B. juncea only which provides evidence of hormonal cross talk in B. juncea during Alternaria infection thereby increasing its susceptibility. (C) 2019 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： biochemistry for nonscience majors   curriculum development   evaluating sources   integration of research into undergraduate teaching   learning and curriculum design   primary literature   skill development including cognitive skills teaching and learning techniques methods and approaches  

摘要： One of the goals for requiring all college students to take science courses is to develop critical thinking about scientific issues they will encounter as citizens, consumers, and patients. This article integrates skill development activities targeting civic scientific literacy skills in a nonscience majors (liberal arts) biochemistry course, but similar principles could be integrated into nursing and major levels biochemistry courses. Strategies include teaching information acquisition, source analysis argument analysis, and civic engagement. These can be integrated into classroom activities, homework assignments, and outside of class projects. The impact of these activities was assessed through performance on the activities, open ended exam questions, and an end of course survey. Students gained both biochemical content and skills in evaluating claims with evidence, and reported the course helped them better understand what scientists do and how to make decisions based upon scientific evidence without detracting from the typical content learning goals of the course.

关键词： Atherosclerosis   biomarkers   biorepository   coronary heart disease   genetics   Qatar   risk factors  

摘要： Background: We aimed to describe the creation and challenge of a DNA and plasma biorepository (Qatar Cardiovascular Biorepository) with linkage to the electronic health record of cardiovascular risk factors to facilitate discovery of novel genetic and proteomic biomarkers for coronary heart disease in Qatari individuals. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted between October 2013 and February 2018. CHD was defined as a history of an acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction [MI]/unstable angina) or coronary revascularization. Controls were identified from blood donors who had no history of coronary heart diesase. After informed consent, blood samples were obtained for DNA and plasma. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical variables were derived from the electronic medical record, and information regarding history of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors was collected from surveys. Challenges in establishing the biorepository were noted, and processes to promote use of the biorepository by Qatari investigators were put in place. Results: During the study period, 2671 individuals were approached;of them, 2087 participants were recruited (1029 patients and 1058 controls). Relevant risk factors were ascertained from the electronic health record and surveys. The mean age was 49 +/- 16 years, with 61% males. Challenges included setting up the infrastructure for qatar cardiovascular biorepository, developing an informed consent document in Arabic/English, and meeting target recruitment goals. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking was 41%, 44.5%, 40%, and 19%, respectively. History of myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass surgery was 55%, 68%, and 17%, respectively, among patients. Conclusions: This study addresses the challenges in setting up qatar cardiovascular biorepository, the first cardiovascular genomics biorepository in the Arab Middle Eastern region. QCBi