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关键词： Peptides and proteins   Genetics   Monomers   Gene therapy   Inhibitors  

摘要： Spinal muscle atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA originates from the loss of functional survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. In most SMA cases, the SMN1 gene is deleted. However, in some cases, SMN is mutated, impairing its biological functions. SMN mutants could provide clues about the biological functions of SMN and the specific impact on SMA, potentially leading to the identification of new pathways and thus providing novel treatment alternatives, and even personalized care. Here, we discuss the biochemistry of SMN and the most recent SMA treatment strategies.

关键词： mitochondria   systems biochemistry   multi-omics   rare disease   orphan proteins  

摘要： Defining functions for the full complement of proteins is a grand challenge in the post-genomic era and is essential for our understanding of basic biology and disease pathogenesis. In recent times, this endeavor has benefit Led from a combination of modem large-scale and classical reductionist approaches-a process we refer to as "systems biochemistry"-that helps surmount traditional barriers to the characterization of poorly understood proteins. This strategy is proving to be particularly effective for mitochondria, whose well-defined proteome has enabled comprehensive analyses of the full mitochondrial system that can position understudied proteins for fruitful mechanistic investigations. Recent systems biochemistry approaches have accelerated the identification of new disease-related mitochondrial proteins and of long-sought "missing" proteins that fulfill key functions. Collectively, these studies are moving us toward a more complete understanding of mitochondrial activities and providing a molecular framework for the investigation of mitochondrial pathogenesis.

关键词： signaling lipids   diacylglycerol   protein kinase C   mathematical modeling   caged lipid probes  

摘要： Every cell produces thousands of distinct lipid species, but insight into how lipid chemical diversity contributes to biological signaling is lacking, particularly because of a scarcity of methods for quantitatively studying lipid function in living cells. Using the example of diacylglycerols, prominent second messengers, we here investigate whether lipid chemical diversity can provide a basis for cellular signal specification. We generated photo-caged lipid probes, which allow acute manipulation of distinct diacylglycerol species in the plasma membrane. Combining uncaging experiments with mathematical modeling, we were able to determine binding constants for diacylglycerol-protein interactions, and kinetic parameters for diacylglycerol transbilayer movement and turnover in quantitative live-cell experiments. Strikingly, we find that affinities and kinetics vary by orders of magnitude due to diacylglycerol side-chain composition. These differences are sufficient to explain differential recruitment of diacylglycerol binding proteins and, thus, differing downstream phosphorylation patterns. Our approach represents a generally applicable method for elucidating the biological function of single lipid species on subcellular scales in quantitative live-cell experiments.

关键词： Chronic toxicity   Combretum molle   Wistar rats   Biochemical parameters   Haematological parameters   Antioxidant   Aqueous extract  

摘要： Background: Combretum molle R.B/G. Don (Combretaceae) is a graceful deciduous shrub, distributed especially in tropical Africa and used in traditional medicine in the treatment of malaria, diabetes, and bacterial, liver and cardiovascular deseases. To our knowledge, no long-term toxicity studies of C. molle has ever been realized yet. Methods: The long-term toxicity study was conducted in accordance with OECD 408 guidelines with slight modifications. In fact, rats were divided in groups and treated orally with CMAE at doses of 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/ kg for 6 months. The general behavior and signs of toxicity of the rats were daily observed. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded every 2 months for 6 months. At the end of treatment period, urine and blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical and antioxidant estimations. Immediately, internal organs were collected and weighed. Results: The results showed that no mortality and visible signs of the toxicity were recorded in all experimental animals. The administration of CMAE had no significant effects on body weight, organ weights, serum electrolyte, and food and water intake. However, all doses of CMAE produced an increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood cells, platelets, glutathione, and a decrease in low density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde rate. CMAE at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg decreased in serum proteins and the activity of aspartate amino transferase, and increased the activity of catalase. In addition, CMAE (250 mg/kg) significantly decreased the alanine aminotransferase activity and the level of triglycerides, very low density cholesterol, total proteins and creatinine, and increased in renal clearance, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusions: At the end of this study, no signs of major intoxication was noted during 6 months of treatment. These results suggest that long-term consumption of CMAE at the

关键词： blood analysis   electrolytes   Manis temminckii   Pholidota  

摘要： Blood biochemistry values are routinely employed during clinical examinations to assess the health of the patient and to identify potential underlying conditions. No blood biochemistry data are currently available for Temminck's pangolin (Smutsia temminckii), a species that is being confiscated from both the domestic and international trade with increasing frequency, and this lack of data is hampering rehabilitation efforts. We determined haematological and serum biochemical values for ten Temminck's pangolins rescued from the illegal wildlife trade in Zimbabwe and placed in the care of the Tikki Hywood Foundation as part of their rehabilitation. Our results suggest a large overlap in serum biochemistry and haematology values with previously reported values for other pangolin species, but also suggest some apparent differences. Haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and albumin:globulin ratio were positively correlated with mass, while alkaline phosphatase and amylase were negatively correlated with mass. Lymphocytes and monocytes were positively correlated with body condition, while mean corpuscular volume, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were negatively correlated with condition. These results suggest that at least some parameters are independent of mass and are directly correlated with body condition and may therefore be informative in rapid health assessments of confiscated individuals.

关键词： 基础医学概论   生物化学   教学现状   教学改革  

摘要： 《基础医学概论》是我校针对非医学专业本科生开设的一门课程,其中的生物化学教学内容由于其抽象性和复杂性,加之学生的生源背景的差异,授课效果欠佳。为调动学生学习的兴趣和主动性,提高教学质量,我们对学生学习情况进行了调查,并在此基础上对教学改革的内容和方向进行了分析探讨。

关键词： 漫画教学   信息化   生物化学   教学环节   归纳总结  

摘要： 以信息化漫画教学实践为例,探讨了信息化漫画在生物化学课堂教学环节中的作用:导入环节情景化漫画能激发学生学习兴趣;展开环节科普漫画易于学生理解记忆知识;互动环节信息化环境利于活跃课堂氛围;检测环节信息化环境便于掌握学生学习情况;总结环节信息化漫画能引导学生归纳总结。信息化漫画教学,通过信息化教学手段,凭借生动有趣的科普漫画,既进行了专业知识传授,同时也培养了学生观察、理解、分析和归纳的能力,是一次思维训练,更是学生认知能力的整合。

关键词： 生物化学   线上-线下混合式教学   金课  

摘要： 《生物化学》线上-线下混合式课程以"两性一度"为标准,探索并建立线上资源与线下课堂相结合、理论教学与实践相结合、内容有挑战度的金课。课程设计以问题为导向,采用线上-线下、小组讨论、师生互动、虚拟仿真与实验实践相结合的教学模式,构建立体化教学体系和多维评价方式。《生物化学》线上-线下混合式课程"金课"建设增加了学生的学习兴趣、培养了学生自主学习能力和独立思考能力以及实践能力,提高人才培养质量,并为中医药院校其他基础课程金课的建设提供更多可借鉴的经验。

关键词： 生物化学   分子生物学   生物学   实验教学  

摘要： 新时期教学改革下,实验教学工作开展对强化学生实践能力,提升教学有效性有着重要影响。文章主要以生物化学与分 子生物学课程为例,对实验教学的重要性进行分析,并探讨生物化学与分子生物学实验教学的有效对策。

关键词： 雨课堂   混合式教学模式   生物化学   酶  

摘要： 以生物化学中酶部分内容为例,探讨雨课堂在课前预习、课堂教学、课后提升环节的应用,教学反馈发现,基于雨课堂的混合式教学模式的合理应用,不仅能拓展教学空间,还能提高学生学习积极性,优化生物化学教学设计。