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关键词： 生物化学   教学研究   教育政策   以学生为中心  

摘要： 课程是人才培养的核心要素,是学生从大学里受益最直接、最核心和最显效的途径。生物化学是生命科学中重要的核心课程。梳理我国生物化学课程教学改革的变迁对促进全国生物化学教育事业的发展具有实践意义。本文收集了自1985年以来,生物化学教学改革研究的文献5871篇。按照国家主要教育方针政策和策略转变文件,将文献按其年份划分为1985~2006,2007~2012,2013~2016和2017~2021四个阶段。运用软件NVivo 11 Plus对文献题录文本和关键词进行相似性分析表明,生物化学课程教学研究与国家教育发展策略相适应,具有鲜明的时代特征。依据扎根理论,通过编码处理和客观分析,将生物化学教学研究划分为"教学策略"、"教学方向"、"教学对象"和"教学评价"四个范畴。详细阐述了"以学生为中心"的生物化学教学改革研究取得的成效:整合包括结构性思维、问题导向、团队合作、翻转课堂和线上线下混合的多种教学方法;结合包括多媒体、虚拟仿真和互联网的先进教学技术;发掘思政元素并将思政教育贯穿到生物化学教学全过程。从强化学生学习能力,关注学习效果和促进学生发展的多元角度促进我国生物化学教学事业的全面发展。

关键词： 医学院校   生物化学与分子生物学   教学   实验   改革  

摘要： 医学院校生物化学与分子生物学实验对培养医学院校学生专业能力具有重要意义,为了切实增强生物化学与分子生物实验教学成效,强化学生综合素质及创新能力,在生物化学和分子生物学实验教学中增加一系列创新工作及改革工作,极有利于助力学生取得优良学习效果。本文便结合医学院校生物化学与分子生物学实验课教学改革工作展开研究,分析了实验课教学现状,并提出了几点有效改革路径,希望能真正保障实验教学质量,切实巩固学生实验基础及实验知识、技能应用能力。

关键词： OBE   生物化学   混合式教学   中西医临床医学专业   课程体系建设  

摘要： OBE模式是一种基于学习产出的教育模式,完整体现"以学生为中心"的理念。在中西医临床医学专业生物化学课程建设中,作者团队结合中西医临床医学专业人才培养方案,在OBE理念下将线上线下混合式教学、课程思政进行融合,建立OBE贯穿始终的"五全"混合式课程体系。生物化学课程体系的建设符合"两性一度"及全面推进课程思政建设的要求,适应云南中医药大学学分制改革的特点。同时培养学生自主学习、终身学习的态度,提高人才培养质量,为造就符合时代要求的中医药人才奠定基础。

关键词： 多元化考核   高职   生物化学   教学改革  

摘要： 随着经济的发展和科技的进步,教育界迎来了新一轮的改革,新课改正式实施,核心素养理念得到了广泛的普及,人们将关注的重点放在了学生的学习能力和学习素养培养上。高职院校作为高素质人才的培养基地,其教学质量、教学模式等对学生的学习质量有着直接的影响,如何发挥出多元化考核的积极作用,保证高职院校的教学质量,成为值得重点思考的问题。基于此,以高职的生物化学课程为研究对象,进行多元化考核视角下教学改革的实践研究,以为高职院校的教育教学活动提供一定的启发。

关键词： Histology  

摘要： Heterotis niloticus (average weight: 3.5 kg +/- 101 g) were collected, acclimated for 14 days, euthanized, and stored at ambient temperature (27 +/- 3 degrees C) for 24 hr. Approximately 42 samples were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hr for sensory assessment, histology, biochemical, and microbiological analyses. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tool with SPSS 16.0 version. H. niloticus retained most of its original sensory attributes of freshness during the first 12-hr post-slaughter time interval (PSI). The histology shows that muscle tissues were intact, the connective tissues were not widely separated, and the biochemical and microbial results were within the acceptable limits. Most of the good physical features used to judge fish freshness were still retained till 12-hr post-slaughter time after which the sensory attributes of the fish fell below average. Therefore, H. niloticus should not be delayed beyond 12-hr PSI. Novelty impact statement This study is a novel study detailing the effect of post-slaughter time intervals on the sensory, histology, biochemical, and microbial qualities of Heterotis niloticus. The results of this study will guide dieticians, food processors, and quality assurance agencies to look out for the qualities of H. niloticus so as to solve the malnutrition problems in patients.

关键词： lens proteins   mutations   diabetes mellitus   reactive substances   lens natural defense system  

摘要： This issue of Biochemistry (Moscow) is dedicated to the role of protein misfolding and aggregation in cataract development. In fact, many genetic mutations or chemical and physical deleterious factors can initiate alterations in the macrostructural order and proper folding of eye lens proteins, which in some cases result in the formation of large light-scattering aggregates, affecting the quality of vision and making lens more prone to cataract development. Diabetes mellitus, which is associated with oxidative stress and mass production of highly reactive compounds, can accelerate unfolding and aggregation of eye lens proteins. This journal issue contains reviews and research articles that describe the destructive effects of mutations and highly reactive metabolites on the structure and function of lens crystallin proteins, as well important molecules in the lens's natural defense system involved in protection against deleterious effects of the physical and chemical factors.

关键词： Autism   Gluten   Casein   Neuroinflammation   Glutamate   Oxidative stress  

摘要： In relation to dietary intervention in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), certain food constituents especially gluten and casein are recognized to be challenging and should be restricted. In this study, levels of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione, lipid peroxides, serotonin (5-HT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), glutamate, and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured in the brain homogenates of ASD rodent model. Rats were treated either with single dose clindamycin (30 mg/kg) or with propionic acid (PPA) (250 mg/kg) for 3 days and then fed a standard diet, casein-rich diet (CRD), or gluten-rich diet (GRD). The obtained data demonstrates that clindamycin and PPA induced oxidative stress, which was slightly affected by CRD. A marked increase in the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6) concentration found in clindamycin- and PPA-treated groups was lower in CRD fed rats. Both CRDs and GRDs produced similar trends in glutamate levels. 5-HT levels were higher in the clindamycin- and PPA-treated groups and increased with a GRD but were less affected by a CRD. CRD could be less deleterious compared to GRD. Although the underlying cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with ASD is not exactly known, the most widely accepted one is the opioid theory which is related to GRD and CRD.

关键词： Dysfunction   Aged liver   Intermitted Fasting  

摘要： Intermittent fasting exerts beneficial effects on most age-related degenerative changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects and mechanism of intermittent fasting on aged liver in male albino rats. Forty male albino rats were used in this study and were divided into four equal groups;Group I served as control;rats aged 1 month sacrfied when they reached age of 4 month. Group II;rats aged 1 month with intermittent fasting for 3 months. The rats sacrfied when they reached age of 4 mounth Group III;rats aged 15-month fed an ad-libitum diet. The rats sacrified when they reached age of 18 month. Group IV;15 month rats with intermittent fasting for 3 months. The rats sacrified when they reached age of 18 month. Liver specimens were excised and processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Blood samples were collected for biochemical study. The result showed a significant increase in liver injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers with a marked decrease in the autophagy marker in group III if compared with both group I and II. Additionally, group III showed hepatic vacuolations, cellular filtration, and congestion in both central and portal veins. A highly significant increase in the mean color intensity of positive immunochemical reaction for anti caspase 3 and anti-TNF alpha as well as a highly significant increase in the surface area fraction of collagen fibers were noticed in group III if compared with group I and II. Interestingly, intermittent fasting (group IV) remarkably reduced the previous alternation that that occurred in group III. It could be concluded that various biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations were observed in liver rat in group III. Beneficial effects of fasting on these changes were recorded in group IV through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effect as well as its effect in modulating autophagy in aged liver cells. This might open the ga

关键词： blood chemistry   enzymatic profile   habitat disturbance   wild howler  

摘要： Background The red-handed howler monkey (Alouatta belzebul) is one of 116 imperiled Brazilian primate species. We aimed to determine the serum biochemical profile of free-ranging red-handed howler monkeys in a highly disturbed area of the eastern Amazon. Methods We obtained serum samples from 26 monkeys, in which we analyzed 20 biochemical variables. Results and Conclusions Calcium concentration was significantly lower in adult males (1.82 +/- 0.25 mmol/L) than in adult females (2.10 +/- 0.50 mmol/L). Both adults (males = 89 +/- 85 UI/L, females = 62 +/- 23 UI/L) had lower alkaline phosphatase serum activity than juvenile females (178 +/- 120 UI/L). Adult male had higher levels of the direct bilirubin (13.9 +/- 8.2 mu mol/L) and creatinine (74.3 +/- 19.4 mu mol/L) than juvenile females (5.1 +/- 1.4 mu mol/L and 38.9 +/- 15.0 mu mol/L, respectively). This detailed biochemical profile may be useful for the management of red-handed howler monkeys in the wild and to support further studies at ex situ facilities.