教学课程资源库 更多>>

关键词： Heavy metals   Phytohormones   Protein carbonylation  

摘要： Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soils is a growing global concern. Plant growth restriction is the main visible symptom of Cd toxicity, and this metal may be particularly harmful to the preformed, seminal root during the pre-emergence stage. In the present study, we focused on Cd phytotoxicity in seminal root growth, nutrient composition, redox status, and hormone homeostasis during the pre-emergence stage of maize (Zea mays L) plants, distinguishing between the root apex and the remaining root tissue. After 72 h of metal exposure (50 and 100 mu M CdCl2), root length and biomass, as well as Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn contents, were diminished. A redox imbalance was evidenced by changes in peroxidase activities and the ascorbate-dehydroascorbate ratio decreased in both root parts. There were fewer carbonylated proteins in both root fractions after exposure to 50 mu M Cd, compared to 100 mu M Cd, which was related to increased 20S proteasome activities. Cd incremented ABA, IAA, and SA contents, but drastically reduced the biologically active gibberellin GA4 and the conjugate jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). We demonstrated that the whole root tissue is involved in the maize response to Cd stress, which entails redox and hormonal rearrangements, probably directed to widen the plant defense lines at the expense of root growth.

关键词： lanthipeptides   biosynthesis   natural products   mass spectrometry   mechanistic enzymology  

摘要： The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings has called for renewed efforts to discover and develop new antimicrobial compounds. Lanthipeptides present a promising, genetically encoded molecular scaffold for the engineering of structurally complex, biologically active peptides. These peptide natural products are constructed by enzymes (lanthipeptide synthetases) with relaxed substrate specificity that iteratively modify the precursor lanthipeptide to generate structures with defined sets of thioether macrocycles. The mechanistic features that guide the maturation of lanthipeptides into their proper, fully modified forms are obscured by the complexity of the multistep maturation and the large size and dynamic structures of the synthetases and precursor peptides. Over the past several years, our lab has been developing a suite of mass spectrometry-based techniques that are ideally suited to untangling the complex reaction sequences and molecular interactions that define lanthipeptide biosynthesis. This review focuses on our development and application of these mass spectrometry-based techniques to investigate the biochemical, kinetic, and biophysical properties of the haloduracin b class II lanthipeptide synthetase, HalM2.

关键词： mortality curves   aging   lifespan inequality   phenoptosis   acute phenoptosis   biorhythms   chronobiology  

摘要： Analysis of demographic data indicates uneven distribution of mortality within a year, month, and even week time period. This is of great practical importance for the operation of medical institutions, including intensive care units, and makes it possible to calculate economic and labor requirements of medical institutions. All the above is especially relevant during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Malygin showed the presence of one to two fluctuations per week in the mortality of male patients with type 2 diabetes. The height of the peaks of such fluctuations is determined, as expected, by the regular parameter indicating their position on the axis of lifespan and random parameter reflecting adverse effects of external environmental factors on the body, as well as the extent of the periodically occurring sharp decrease in the nonspecific resistance. This article discusses results of recent research in the field of small (semi-weekly, weekly, monthly, and seasonal) fluctuations of mortality. Based on a large array of accumulated data, it can be concluded that the decrease in seasonal variability of mortality accompanies an increase in the life expectancy. Studying characteristics of mortality fluctuations makes it possible to move from investigating the impact of biorhythms (Master Clock) on the development of acute and chronic phenoptotic processes directly to studying the patterns of mortality rhythms themselves (rhythms of phenoptosis).

关键词： 生物化学实验   教学   知识网络分析  

摘要： 生物化学是生物学和医学学科非常重要的基础课程,是进入21世纪以来发展最为迅速和最具活力的学科之一。生物化学理论教学极具抽象性,所以其实验教学是理解相关理论与掌握实际技能的重要环节。在生物化学实验教学过程中,及时掌握新的教学理念,新的教学方法,新的教学热点,紧跟教学发展趋势一直是教师们关注的重点问题。本文以中国学术期刊网络出版总库(CNKI)作为数据来源,利用CiteSpace对2011.1.1~2020.12.31期间我国生物化学实验教学研究的年发文量、期刊分布、研究现状,研究热点及发展趋势等进行了可视化分析。结果发现,各年的发文量基本保持稳定。其中,高频词为"生物化学","实验教学","教学改革","生物化学实验","改革","教学方法","创新能力"和"教学模式"等。突变词强度较高的有"翻转课堂"和"微课"。通过Timeline分析,本文发现,"教"与"学"身份正在发生互换,提高学生们的自主学习能力成为主流,"网络教学"和"虚拟仿真"等与先进技术相结合的教学模式,已成为生物化学实验教学的发展趋势与前沿内容。本文旨在通过以上分析为我国生物化学实验教学的可持续发展提供参考。

关键词： 生物化学和生化检验科学   高职院校   教学应用   案例式教学  

摘要： 生物化学和生化检验科学开展针对性教学的过程中,其本质上具备较为明确的重要性,在开展教学时也面临着较多的困难,主要是体现在于此类课程的深度相对较强,而且有着较强的学术性和实际性要求。而相比之下,普通学生对这样的专业领域相关知识的认知相对较为有限,为了更好地提升,最终的教学有效性,采取案例式教学模式,就具备着一定的优势和价值,相应的方法也具备着一定应用必要性,要对其教学内容的特点和既往教学的常见问题充分认识,应用相应的教学方法,以便于后续教学的开展。

关键词： 高校生物与分子生物学   教学改革   解决方案  

摘要： 生物化学与分子生物学是高校医学生必学科目,可由于该课程中包含一些理论知识,部分学生不能全面的掌握和理解。因此,学校针对此类问题在教育模式、教育理念和授课方法上做了一系列的改革,致力于创设学生通俗易懂的课堂,帮助学生理解晦涩难懂的概念,提高学习效率。本文主要围绕高校生物化学与分子生物学的教学改革进行探究,提出有关解决方案。

关键词： 新农科   生物化学   混合教学模式   农林院校  

摘要： 新农科背景下,开展线上线下混合教学模式,建设以学生发展为中心的“金课”,是培育卓越农林人才的有效途径。“生物化学”是农林院校农学、林学、食品、兽医、生物等多个学科的专业基础课,是实现学科交叉融合,培养卓越农林人才的核心课程之一。根据农林院校特点,建设“生物化学”校园独立SPOC,在开展线上教学的基础上,对“生物化学”线上线下混合教学模式进行研究与实践,实现了专业知识与学生素质能力的协同培养,提高了综合教学效果。