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关键词： CircRNAs   肺癌   生物标志物   非小细胞肺癌   液体活检  

摘要： 目前临床广泛应用的肿瘤标记物无法实现此理想,为顺应新时代医疗的迅速发展并解决癌症高发病率、高死亡率,需要我们积极寻找一种新生标志物。环状RNA(Circular RNAs,CircRNAs)是通过非经典剪接方式将5′和3′末端连接在一起的闭合环状共价RNA结构,有直接反向剪接模型和套索驱动环化模型,不易被RNA酶降解,具有高度保守性和组织特异性。最近的研究表明,CircRNAs参与人类疾病的发生、发展和疾病的转归,尤其是在某些肿瘤中发挥不容忽视的一环,可能作为疾病诊断和治疗的潜在分子标志物。液体活检是一种使用人体体液作为样本的检测方法,可以预知和监视人类疾病的法生、发展及预后,而CircRNs作为一种新兴生物标志物在液体活检中占有不可忽视的一环。目前CircRNA数据库中数据不断完善,表达通路、表达分布已趋于明朗,其有望成为肺癌早期诊断的生物标志物和潜在的药物治疗靶点。

关键词： 运动生物化学   有氧运动   高血脂   中等强度   meta分析  

摘要： 目的评价中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者血脂水平的影响效果。方法检索Google Scholar、PubMed、Web of Science(WOS)、EMBASE、维普、知网和万方数据库中关于中等强度有氧运动干预高血脂患者血脂水平的随机对照试验(RCT),检索期限从各数据库收录时间起至2020年12月。采用Stata 14.0软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入13个RCT,826例患者。与对照组相比,中等强度有氧运动对高血脂患者总胆固醇(TC)(SMD=-0.94,95%CI-0.15~-0.74,P<0.001)、甘油三酯(TG)(SMD=-0.95,95%CI-1.41~-0.50,P<0.001)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(SMD=0.95(95%CI 0.79~-1.11,P<0.001),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(SMD=-1.36(95%CI-1.53~-1.19,P<0.001)水平均有显著影响。结论中等强度有氧运动降低了血清中TC总量、TG和LDL-C水平,升高了HDL-C水平。每周6~7次、每次30~90分钟、坚持24~48周的中等轻度有氧运动可以作为高血脂患者改善血脂水平的运动处方。鉴于该研究还存在一定的局限性,仍需高质量的RCT予以论证。

关键词： “生物化学与分子生物学”   思政案例   整合   教学改革  

摘要： 为完成高等教育课程育人根本目标,重塑医学生的价值观、职业观,教师挖掘“生物化学与分子生物学”课程中蕴含的思政资源,整合思政案例,使专业知识与思政元素有机融合,培养学生对专业的认知、认同和自豪感,提升学生的思想道德素养和综合素质。

关键词： adaptive plasticity   clinical variation   flavonoid biosynthetic pathway   floral evolution   flower color   Rosaceae  

摘要： Phenotypic plasticity is predicted to evolve in environmentally variable habitats, or those experiencing a high frequency of strong selection. The evolution of plasticity may however be constrained by costs or physiological limitations. In flowers, UV-absorbing pigmentation ameliorates UV damage to pollen, and is linked with elevated UV exposure. Whether plasticity contributes to this pattern remains unclear. Petals of Argentina anserina have larger UV-absorbing petal areas at high elevations where they experience higher and more variable UV exposure than low elevations. We measured UV-induced pigmentation plasticity in high- and low-elevation populations (hereafter, "high," "low"), and selection on pigmentation via male fitness. We dissected UV pigment biochemistry using metabolomics to explore biochemical mechanisms underlying plasticity. High displayed positive UV-induced pigmentation plasticity but low lacked plasticity. Selection favored elevated pigmentation under UV in high, supporting adaptive plasticity. In high, UV absorption was conferred by flavonoids produced in one flavonoid pathway branch. However, in low, UV absorption was associated with many compounds spanning multiple branches. Elevated plasticity was thus associated with reduced pigment diversity. These results are consistent with adaptive floral pigmentation plasticity in more extreme and variable environments. We discuss how biochemical underpinnings of pigmentation may permit or constrain the evolution of pigmentation plasticity.

关键词： gene expression   oxidative stress   renal toxicity   sodium nitrite   Thymus vulgaris  

摘要： Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is an herbal plant with pleiotropic medicinal properties. In this study, we examined the possible protective effect of an ethanolic extract of thyme leaves against the renal oxidative stress induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Male Swiss mice received either saline or thyme extract for 15 days (0.5 g/kg body weight, orally). NaNO2 (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at Day 14. The protective group received the thyme extract for 15 days and NaNO2 on Day 14. Blood and kidney samples were taken from all groups to measure serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, serum, tissue antioxidant activity, and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of kidney injury marker-1 (Kim-1), TNF-alpha, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), all of which are associated with kidney redox and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with thyme extract reduced the effects of NaNO2 on urea, BUN, and creatinine, and reversed its effect on tissue and serum antioxidants. NaNO2-induced nephritis as demonstrated by the upregulation in mRNA expression of Kim-1 and TNF-alpha, which was, however, recovered and protected by pretreatment with thyme extract. Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was upregulated by treatment with thyme extract and downregulated by NaNO2 intoxication. NaNO2-induced congestion in glomeruli and dilatation of the renal tubules, conditions that were restored in the group pretreated with thyme extract. NaNO2 upregulated Bax immunoreactivity and caused apoptosis in renal structures. Thus, thyme extract is effective in managing the renal toxicity associated with oxidative stress and renal redox. Practical applications The results from this study have shown that use of thyme extract may promote better health due to its high antioxidant activity. For instance, it could be ingested to alleviate the symptoms of renal inflammation and oxidative st

关键词： cyclophosphamide   dietary flavonoid   chrysin   cardiotoxicity   antioxidant   oxidative stress  

摘要： Mounting evidences have indicated that cyclophosphamide (CyC)a potent anticancer and cytotoxic agent is associated with various organ and systemic toxicities and the cytotoxic effects observed after administration of CyC still challenges its clinical use. Chrysin (Chy) is a dietary flavonoid with prevailing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the protective properties of Chy against CyC-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The animals were orally treated with Chy (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) for 35 days and exposed to CyC (i. p., 100 mg/kg) once a week for four weeks. The results indicated that CyC caused significant cardiotoxicity as manifested by notable increases in heart weight, cardiac function biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), troponin T and aspartate transaminase (AST). In addition, cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were considerably increased. Meanwhile, cardiac antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as glutathione (GSH) level were suppressed, while H&E stained histopathological assessment showed marked alterations in cardiac tissues. CyC also significantly lowered red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) parameters, whereas treatment with Chy significantly restored the altered biochemical and histopathological features. Conclusively, aforementioned results inferred that Chy offered cardioprotective potentials against CyC-induced cardiotoxicity which may be due to its antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

关键词： Sensorial analysis   Appearance   Collagen cross-links   Soluble collagen  

摘要： The wooden breast (WB) has caused great damages to meat producing industries, being its etiology still not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate biochemistry and technological characteristics of WB chicken fillets and their consumer acceptance. WB fillets were evaluated in regards to color, pH, approximate chemical composition, water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, total and soluble collagen, and comparison estimated of pyridinoline. The sensorial analysis used real size images of fillets. The WB showed changes in physical parameters such as an increase in luminosity and shear force. In regards to the chemical parameters, showed an increase in pH value, moisture content, lipids, and mineral, and protein content reduction. There were biochemistry changes in the collagen with an increase of 17.32% in total collage content and a reduction by 30.96% in the estimated pyridinoline content. Technological parameters were negatively altered by a reduction in water holding capacity. WB fillets showed a low acceptance rate and intention to purchase. Results show the WB meat presented biochemistry and technological characteristics compromised besides a low acceptance and purchase intention, leading to economic losses for the poultry sector.

关键词： apoptosis   doxorubicin   luteolin-antioxidant   neurotoxicity   oxido-inflammatory stress  

摘要： Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of various cancer types. DOX toxic side effects include neuronopathy and memory deficits. We investigated the effect of the antioxidant luteolin (LUT: 50 or 100 mg/kg;per os) on DOX (2 mg/kg;intraperitoneal)-induced oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain of Wistar rats for 14 days. We observed that LUT reduced DOX-mediated increase in OS biomarkers-catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. LUT increased glutathione and total sulphydryl levels and alleviated DOX-induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Additionally, LUT suppressed caspase-3 activity, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine-IL-10 level, and reduced pathological lesions in the examined organs of rats cotreated with LUT and DOX. Collectively, cotreatment with LUT lessened DOX-induced neurotoxicity. Supplementation of LUT as a chemopreventive agent might be useful in patients undergoing DOX chemotherapy.

ISBN: (纸本)9787030717566

关键词： Elderly   Adenohypophyseal tumour   Pituitary tumour   Pituitary adenoma   Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery  

摘要： Purpose To assess and compare outcome of surgical management of non-functioning pituitary adenohypophyseal tumours in patients under 65-years, and 65-years and older at tertiary neurosurgical referral centre. Methods Data was retrospectively analysed from pituitary database. Forty-four patients aged 65 or older (Group 1) and 93 patients under 65 (Group 2) underwent endoscopic trans-sphenoidal surgery (ETSS) between January 2017 and July 2019. The surgical, endocrinological, ophthalmological and radiological outcomes were compared. Results 6.8% of Group 1 patients had peri-operative surgical complications compared to 12.9% in Group 2 (p = 0.29). Improved visual fields and acuity were seen in 65.2% and 82.8% of Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p = 0.124), although there were pre-existing ocular problems in 15.9% of Group 1. New hormone deficiencies were observed in 31.8% of Group 1 patients, and 24.7% of Group 2 (p = 0.555). Tumour regrowth/recurrence was seen in 2.3% of Group 1 (p = 0.553). The rate of repeat surgery was 6.8% in the Group 1 and 12.9% in Group 2 (p = 0.28). There was no significant relationship between extent of resection, complications or hormonal deficiency. The mean duration of follow-up was 10.5 +/- 13.0 months for Group 1 patients and 13.0 +/- 16.0 months for Group 2 patients (p = 0.526). Conclusions ETSS for non-functioning pituitary adenohypophyseal tumours is safe and well tolerated in the patients aged 65 and older. Advanced age by itself should not be a contra-indication for ETSS. It is however highly recommended that the care of such patients to be offered at a high volume, dedicated pituitary surgical units.