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关键词： 教学模式   创新路径   生物化学与分子生物学  

摘要： 生物化学与分子生物学都是由研究生物与生命现象本质的科学,两者在内容上存在一定交叉与重叠,是高等医学院校的基础学科,所有从事医学研究与生物科学研究都必须接触生物化学与分析生物学。对学生来说,学好生物化学与分子生物学能够有效帮助他们奠定一个良好的知识基础,为其他学科的学习以及今后的工作实践打下良好基础。生物化学与分子生物学理论知识复杂,抽象度比较高,同时内容也相对庞杂,学生学习难度比较大。为保证学生能够掌握好这一学科,避免从业后工作出错,不仅学生自己要付出更多努力,学校与教师也要通过教学模式的创新与优化来帮助学生降低学习难度,提高学生课堂学习效率。文章对高校生物化学与分子生物学的教学模式创新路径展开分析。

关键词： 《生物化学》   高职   项目式学习   应用  

摘要： 在新课改进程推进下,相关部门进一步深化医教协同理念,加强医学人才培养,以“5 3”为主体,以“3 2”为补充,促进公共卫生、医学技术、临床医学等人才的协调性发展,壮大医学人才队伍,提高生源质量,深化院校医学教育改革。基于此,文章以高职生物化学课程为例,以项目式学习为研究对象,总结该种方式在生物化学课程中的应用,为相关教育工作者提供可借鉴性经验。

关键词： 微课   医学   生物化学   翻转课堂   教学改革  

摘要： 在当前的教学改革环境下,电子信息技术已经成为主要的教学辅助工具,而借助计算机技术打造的一系列教学衍生产品,也为教学的改革提供了丰富的途径。文章便是以当前的微课教学作为切入点,综合微课教学的具体起源以及发展现状进行分析,将本科院校的医学生物化学学科作为主要研究对象,利用微课来打造完善的课程辅助体系,强化微课资料的选择力度,落实好教学实践的创新分析,建立在翻转课堂的基础上,营造多元化的课程内容能够有效提升学生的综合素养以及实践技能。

关键词： 生物化学理论教学改革   巩固知识   兴趣培养   物体形状结构   类比   翻转课堂  

摘要： 《生物化学》是生命科学、化学及医学等专业学生的基础核心必修课程,是学习后续专业课程的奠基石。但由于该课程知识抽象复杂,涵盖范围广,学生的生化基础参差不齐等原因,学生对该门课程的兴趣不高,且掌握知识的方法比较死板。本文通过问卷调查、实践教学和访谈等方法证实:类比结合翻转课堂方式教学,可以让学生提升对该课程的兴趣,扩宽思维,积极影响了今后的学习、工作和生活。

关键词： PFOA   PFOS   Biological accumulation   Egg-omics   Systems biology   Metabolomics   Lipidomics   Proteomics  

摘要： ABSTR A C T Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic contaminants that are pervasive in the environ -ment. Toxicity resulting from elevated PFAS concentrations in wildlife has been studied, yet evidence of their accumu-lation, developmental toxicity and maternal offloading in egg-laying species is limited. Here we show the maternal offloading of PFAS in freshwater short-necked turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii) exposed to elevated PFAS and the resulting biological impact on oviducal eggs. Total PFAS concentrations were determined in serum from adult fe -males and harvested oviducal eggs collected from euthanised turtles exposed to low and high levels of PFAS and com-pared against turtle serum and eggs collected from a suitable reference site. Multi-omics assays were utilised to explore the biochemical impact of elevated PFAS on egg albumen, yolk and eggshell using a range of metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics techniques. Eggshells were also screened for metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis of the serum collected from adult female turtles and their oviducal eggs demonstrated PFAS offloading and transference that is 1.6 and 5.3 times higher in the low and high PFAS impacted eggs, respec-tively, compared to maternal serum concentrations. Oviducal egg yolk comprised >90% of the bioaccumulated PFAS load. Multi-omic analysis of the dissected egg fractions illustrated PFAS impacted eggs are significantly elevated in purine metabolism metabolites, which are tied to potential biological dysfunctional processes. The yolks were sig-nificantly depleted in lipids and lipid quality tied to growth and development. The high PFAS impacted oviducal eggshells were lower in calcium, important developmental and immune response proteins, and higher in glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE) lipids and histidine metabolism metabolites that are tied to a weakened physical structure. Further investigation is needed to establis

关键词： Graphene oxide nanosheets   Polychaetes   Regeneration   Bioturbation   Biochemical parameters   Mucus production  

摘要： Numerous applications exist for graphene-based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Increased concentrations of GO nanosheets in the environment have the potential to have a large negative effect on the aquatic environment, with consequences for benthic organisms, such as polychaetes. The polychaete Hediste diversicolor mobilises the sediments, hence altering the availability of contaminants and the nutrients biogeochemical cycle. As such, this study proposes to assess the effects of different GO nanosheet concentrations on the behaviour, feeding activity, mucus production, regenerative capacity, antioxidant status, biochemical damage and metabolism of H. diversicolor. This study evidenced that H. diversicolor exposed to GO nanosheets had a significantly lower ability to regenerate their bodies, took longer to feed and burrow into the sediment and produced more mucus. Membrane oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) increased in exposed specimens. The increased metabolic rate (ETS) evidenced a higher energy expenditure in exposed organisms (high use of ready energy sources - soluble sugars) to fight the toxicity induced by GO nanosheets, such as SOD activity. The increase in SOD activity was enough to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by GO on cytosol at the lowest concentrations, avoiding the damage on proteins (lower PC levels), but not on membranes (LPO increase). This study revealed that the presence of GO nanosheets, even at the lower levels tested, impaired behavioural, physiological, and biochemical traits in polychaetes, suggesting that the increase of this engineered nanomaterial in the environment can disturb these benthic organisms, affecting the H. diversicolor population. Moreover, given the important role of this group of organisms in coastal and estuarine food webs, the biogeochemical cycle of nutrients, and sediment oxygenation, there is a real possibility for repercussions into the estuarine community.

关键词： Biomolecules  

摘要： Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from biomolecules in living cells enables the sensitive, but also very selective, probing of their biochemical composition. This minireview discusses the developments of SERS probing in cells over the past years from the proof-of-principle to observe a biochemical status to the characterization of molecule-nanostructure and molecule-molecule interactions and cellular processes that involve a wide variety of biomolecules and cellular compartments. Progress in applying SERS as a bioanalytical tool in living cells, to gain a better understanding of cellular physiology and to harness the selectivity of SERS, has been achieved by a combination of live cell SERS with several different approaches. They range from organelle targeting, spectroscopy of relevant molecular models, and the optimization of plasmonic nanostructures to the application of machine learning and help us to unify the information from defined biomolecules and from the cell as an extremely complex system.

关键词： 食品生物化学   产教融合   在线开放课程   建设与实践  

摘要： 产教融合教育理念对职业教育改革的正向影响愈加显著,国内各地区高职院校也都开展了一系列产教融合背景下的专业课程教学模式改革,推动了我国职业教育的现代化发展。本文以高职《食品生物化学》课程为例,探讨了现阶段高职《食品生物化学》课程教育改革现状以及存在的突出问题,并从产教融合视角出发,针对高职《食品生物化学》在线开放课程的建设以及实践过程中的问题,提出相应的优化建议,期望对高职院校相关专业在线开放课程的建设与实践教研活动有所帮助。