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关键词： appetite   cachexia   obesity relapse   thermogenesis  

摘要： Since its publication in 1950, the Biology of Human Starvation, which describes the classic longitudinal Minnesota Experiment of semistarvation and refeeding in healthy young men, has been the undisputed source of scientific reference about the impact of long-term food deprivation on human physiology and behavior. It has been a guide in developing famine and refugee relief programs for international agencies, in exploring the effects of food deprivation on the cognitive and social functioning of those with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and in gaining insights into metabolic adaptations that undermine obesity therapy and cachexia rehabilitation. In more recent decades, the application of a systems approach to the analysis of its data on longitudinal changes in body composition, basal metabolic rate, and food intake during the 24 weeks of semistarvation and 20 weeks of refeeding has provided rare insights into the multitude of control systems that govern the regulation of body composition during weight regain. These have underscored an internal (autoregulatory) control of lean-fat partitioning (highly sensitive to initial adiposity), which operates during weight loss and weight regain and revealed the existence of feedback loops between changes in body composition and the control of food intake and adaptive thermogenesis for the purpose of accelerating the recovery of fat mass and fat-free mass. This paper highlights the general features and design of this grueling experiment of simulated famine that has allowed the unmasking of fundamental control systems in human body composition autoregulation. The integration of its outcomes constitutes the "famine reactions" that drive the normal physiology of weight regain and obesity relapse and provides a mechanistic "autoregulation-based" explanation of how dieting and weight cycling, transition to sedentarity, or developmental programming may predispose to obesity. It also provides a system physiology framework for r

关键词： astrocytes   microglia   immune cells   reactive astrocytes   disease   inflammation   cell function   cell-cell interactions   synaptogenesis   neurotoxin  

摘要： Astrocytes play both physiological and pathological roles in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) function. Here, we review the varied functions of astrocytes and how these might change in subsets of reactive astrocytes. We review the current understanding of astrocyte interactions with microglia and the vasculature and protective barriers in the central nervous system as well as highlight recent insights into physiologic and reactive astrocyte sub-states identified by transcriptional profiling. Our goal is to stimulate inquiry into how these molecular identifiers link to specific functional changes in astrocytes and to define the implications of these heterogeneous molecular and functional changes in brain function and pathology. Defining these complex interactions has the potential to yield new therapies in CNS injury, infection, and disease.

关键词： 虚拟现实   口腔医学   解剖生理学   教育,医学,本科   教学方法  

摘要： 虚拟现实(VR)技术因其沉浸感、交互性和构想性的特点,已被广泛用于专业课程学习、临床技能培训、手术方案设计等医学教育领域。口腔解剖生理学是一门重要的口腔医学基础课程,内容涉及牙齿、颅颌面及颈部等诸多部位的解剖结构及生理功能,与临床各专业均密切相关。但由于专业概念繁杂、抽象,对学生空间思维能力要求较高等特点,导致学生在理解本课程内容时仍有困难。该文从口腔解剖生理学教学中现存问题入手,阐述在该课程教学中引入VR技术的必要性方法,探讨VR技术在改善授课方式、优化实训模式及增强基础与临床结合等角度的应用,以期促进口腔医学教学效果的提升。

关键词： PDG教学模式   思政元素   医学   生理学  

摘要： 目的分析PDG教学模式联合思政元素融入医学生理学教学的效果。方法选取我校大一学生80例为研究对象,随机分成观察组(PDG教学模式联合思政元素融入医学生理学教学)和对照组(常规教学),比较两组教学成果。结果观察组学生在高分段成绩上例数明显多于对照组,观察组学生认为对应教学模式能提高知识综合运用能力、学生学习兴趣、问题解决能力、团队合作能力、培养学生人文素养、综合素质几率明显多于对照组,且认为学习压力大的学生明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在医学生理课教学中,应用PDG教学模式联合思政元素融入医学生理学教学模式,有助于提高优化教学成果,有利于提高学生的知识综合运用能力、学习能力、团队合作能力,并对学生人文素养和综合素养的培养也发挥着重要的价值和作用。

关键词： 神经电生理学   重症肌无力   MGFA分型  

摘要： 目的探究神经电生理学检查在美国重症肌无力协会(MGFA)分型重症肌无力(MG)患者诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年6月~2019年12月于本院就诊的64例MG患者临床资料,均接受神经电生理学检查。分析神经电生理学检查诊断不同MGFA分型MG患者的阳性率,比较神经传导速度(NCV)、单纤维肌电图(SFEMG)、重复神经刺激(RNS)三类检查项目对MG诊断的阳性率以及不同神经异常检测结果对MG诊断的阳性率。结果神经电生理学检查诊断Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳa、Ⅳb型MG阳性率均高于诊断Ⅰ型MG阳性率(P<0.05);SFEMG、RNS诊断MG阳性率均高于NCV诊断MG阳性率(P<0.05);神经电生理学检查诊断面神经、尺神经、桡神经异常阳性率高于诊断副神经、腋神经异常阳性率(P<0.05)。结论神经电生理学检查对于不同MGFA分型MG患者有诊断价值,SFEMG、RNS对MG诊断阳性率较NCV更高,MG患者面神经、尺神经、桡神经异常检测阳性率更高。

关键词： 神经传导检测   神经电生理学   鉴别诊断   取得显著   相关疾病   表述  

摘要： 神经传导检测(nerve conduction study),是神经电生理学的一个重要组成部分,而且在神经电生理学的实践和发展过程中,神经传导检测往往是先行的。在实践中,神经传导检测的应用,对相关疾病的诊断、鉴别诊断以及了解病情的轻重方面,取得显著成就。然而笔者所触及的一些稿件以至见于已刊出的相关的文章(虽然是少数),在表述上尚有一些值得商榷之处。

关键词： 脑出血   小神经胶质细胞   炎症趋化因子类   综述  

摘要： 脑出血是临床常见的脑血管病之一,目前尚缺乏有效治疗药物。小胶质细胞是一种特异性存在于中枢神经系统的免疫细胞,脑出血急性期小胶质细胞迅速激活并在M1型与M2型之间动态转变,提示小胶质细胞在脑出血后继发性神经炎症反应的病理生理学过程中具有复杂的作用机制,成为探究脑出血治疗药物的重要靶点。本文对脑出血后小胶质细胞表面标志物、极化表型、血肿清除机制及其与神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞之间的潜在联系进行综述,旨在探究通过调控小胶质细胞功能治疗脑出血的可能性。

关键词： 微课   团队学习   生理学实验教学  

摘要： 目的:探讨微课团队学习法在生理学实验教学中的应用效果。方法:将临床医学本科班学生随机分为对照组(n=30)和实验组(n=30)。对照组采用传统的教学法,实验组进行微课团队学习。教学结束后从实验进展、阶段测试和问卷调查3个方面对教学效果进行评估。结果:从实验进展来看,实验组麻醉成功率高,操作失误少,实验用时明显减少;阶段测验显示,实验组3次测验成绩均高于对照组;问卷调查显示,多数学生认为微课团队学习法能提高综合素质。结论:微课团队学习法有利于提高实验教学质量及学生综合素质。