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关键词： 细胞膜   通透性   电导   静息电位  

摘要： 细胞膜对离子的通透性和电导,是生理学教学和细胞电生理科研工作中经常使用的概念,但很多同行对这两个概念的理解过于笼统,甚至在教材中想当然地在公式中随意换用,造成理论性错误。本研究从生理学教材中的多种离子参与的细胞膜静息电位公式的一个疏误说起,从基础电学和电化学的角度,讨论细胞膜对离子的通透性和电导的关系,并以例证说明公式误用造成的计算误差,旨在帮助生理科学工作者深入理解并正确使用这两个概念。

关键词： 拼搏精神   运动技能学习   流程模式   动力定型   跨栏运动   程序教学法   运动生理学   斯金纳  

摘要： 自美国心理学家斯金纳提出了"程序教学法",其教学方法风靡全世界,基本流程模式是:刺激—反应—强化。该模式与运动技能形成模式有一定的相似之处,根据运动生理学基本理论,运动技能形成模式是:泛化—分化—自动化—动力定型。因此程序教学法可以应用于运动技能学习之中。跨栏运动是田径运动中技术较为复杂的运动项目,对个体要求较高,不仅应具备速度、柔韧、灵敏、协调、爆发力等方面素质,还需要学习者节奏感强,具备拼搏精神。

关键词： 运动生理学   专业实践能力   课程教学改革  

摘要： 运动生理学作为体育专业的基础必修课程,在运动训练、全民健身等方面具有较强的实践性。文章主要分析运动生理学课程教学现状,基于体育专业学生实践能力培养,对运动生理学课程教学改革提出具体对策。

关键词： 线上教学   生理学实验课   疫情  

摘要： 为了提升生理学实验课线上教学效果,文章首先论述了疫情下生理学实验课线上教学的实践,然后调查了疫情下生理学实验课线上教学实践的效果,最后评价了疫情下生理学实验课线上教学实践。

关键词： Extracellular mitochondria types   Mitochondrial fragments   Cerebrospinal fluid   Cell-free-circulating DNA   Mitochondrial transfer   transplant   Neurodegenerative diseases  

摘要： The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has an important role in the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules to the central nervous and immune systems through its circulation along the brain and spinal cord tissues. The mitochondrial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential in processes such as neuroplasticity, neural differentiation and production of neurotransmitters. Interestingly, extracellular and active mitochondria have been detected in the CSF where they act as a biomarker for the outcome of pathologies such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed cerebral ischemia. Additionally, cell-free-circulating mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) has been detected in both the CSF of healthy donors and in that of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Key questions arise as there is still much debate regarding if ccf-mtDNA detected in CSF is associated with a diversity of active or inactive extracellular mitochondria coexisting in distinct pathologies. Additionally, it is of great scientific and medical importance to identify the role of extracellular mitochondria (active and inactive) in the CSF and the difference between them being damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or factors that promote homeostasis. This review analyzes the different types of extracellular mitochondria, methods for their identification and their presence in CSF. Extracellular mitochondria in the CSF could have an important implication in health and disease, which may lead to the development of medical approaches that utilize mitochondria as therapeutic agents.

关键词： anaesthesia   computer modelling   electrocorticogram   electroencephalogram   ion gradients   metabolism   synapse  

摘要： Background: General anaesthesia is known to enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission to produce characteristic effects on the EEG and reduction in brain metabolism secondary to reduced neuronal activity. Evidence suggests that anaesthesia might have a direct effect on synaptic metabolic processes, and this relates to anaesthesia sensitivity. We explored elements of synaptic transmission looking for possible contributions to the anaesthetised EEG and how it may modulate anaesthesia sensitivity. Methods: We developed a Hodgkin -Huxley-type neural network computer simulation capable of mimicking anaesthetic prolongation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), and capable of altering postsynaptic ion homeostasis and neurotransmitter recycling. We examined their interactions on simulated electrocorticography (sECoG), and compared these with published anaesthesia EEG spectra. Results: The sECoG spectra from the model were comparable with published normal awake EEG spectra. Prolongation of IPSP duration in the model caused inhibition of high frequencies and saturation of low frequencies with a peak in keeping with current evidence. IPSP prolongation alone was unable to reproduce alpha rhythms or the generalised increase in EEG power found with anaesthesia. Adding inhibition of postsynaptic ion homeostasis to IPSP prolongation helped retain alpha rhythms, increased sECoG power, and antagonised the slow-wave saturation peak in a dose dependent fashion that appeared dependent on the postsynaptic membrane potential, providing a plausible mechanism for how metabolic changes can modulate anaesthesia sensitivity. Conclusions: Our model suggests how metabolic processes can modulate anaesthesia and produce non-receptor dependent drug sensitivity.

关键词： 口腔解剖生理学   PBL模式   教学实践   应用策略  

摘要： PBL模式是一种新型教学模式,在实际的口腔解剖生理教学过程中得到有效应用,能够呈现出多方面的教学优势,可以使学生的学习兴趣切实激发,进一步提升其问题发现和处理能力,进而使学生的学习质量得到显著提升。基于此,本文重点分析PBL模式的主要内涵以及在口腔解剖生理教学中的具体应用等相关内容,希望能够为提升该课程的教学水平而做出一定的贡献。

关键词： 高职院校   人体解剖生理学   教学改革  

摘要： 人体解剖学的学习对学生来说是难度比较大的。近年来高职教育在不断进行创新改革,因此人体解剖生理学也要紧随创新的步伐,教师要积极运用新的方法提高教学质量,使学生有良好的学习效果。本文以自身工作经验为基础,探讨当前高职院校人体解剖生理学这门学科教学中存在的问题,并遵循相应原则,提出了教学改革的具体对策。

关键词： 动物生理学   实验教学   网络教学  

摘要： 动物生理学是动物科学中十分重要的基础科目,而实验教学是学习动物生理学过程中不可或缺的一部分,然而,受到影响,实验课程被迫由线下转为线上,传统的教学模式已不能满足课程需要,实验教学面临着新的挑战。因此,我们根据教学大纲,对动物生理学实验网络课程的教学平台、教学内容、教学手段和考核进行了改革和探索,提出了结合“慕课+直播”的新型教学模式,取得了良好的教学效果,亦可在学生返校后作为混合式教学模式的一部分。