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关键词： stretch   calcium   proliferation   glioma   channel blocker   cytoskeleton   GFAP  

摘要： Endothelin (ET) is a potent autocrine mitogen produced by reactive and neoplastic astrocytes. ET has been implicated in the induction of astrocyte proliferation and other transformations engendered by brain pathology, and in promoting the malignant behavior of astrocytomas. Reactive astrocytes containing ET are found in the periphery/penumbra of a wide array of CNS pathologies. Virtually all brain pathology deforms the surrounding parenchyma, either by direct mass effect or edema. Mechanical stress is a well established stimulus for ET production and release by other cell types, but has not been well studied in the brain. However, numerous studies have illustrated that astrocytes can sense mechanical stress and translate it into chemical messages. Furthermore, the ubiquitous reticular meshwork formed by interconnected astrocytes provides an ideal morphology for sensing and responding to mechanical disturbances. We have recently demonstrated stretch-induced ET production by astrocytes in vitro. Inspired by this finding, the purpose of this article is to review the literature on (1) astrocyte mechanosensation, and (2) the endothelin system in astrocytes, and to consider the hypothesis that mechanical induction of the ET system may influence astrocyte functioning in CNS pathophysiology. We conclude by discussing evidence supporting future investigations to determine whether specific inhibition of stretch-activated ion channels may represent a novel strategy for treating or preventing CNS disturbances, as well as the relevance to astrocyte-derived tumors. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： T cells   LYMPHOCYTES   LYMPHOID tissue   SPLEEN  

摘要： Introduction. Survival following lung transplantation is less than 50% at 5 years, mainly due to immune-mediated chronic rejection. Recently a novel subset of T cells, CD4-ve CD8-ve CD30+ve, so-called double negative (DN) CD30+ve T cells, has been described and shown to be responsible for tolerance in an animal model of skin transplantation. Methods. We investigated 18 lung transplant recipients for the presence of DN CD30+ve T cells in resting peripheral blood and also following in vitro stimulation of recipient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with donor spleen cells. Results. Small percentages (0.2% to 6%) of DN T cells are detectable in resting PBMCs of human transplant patients (n = 18), but these did not correlate with allograft function, acute rejection episodes, HLA mismatch, or CMV status. On repeated stimulation of recipient PBMCs (two exposures) in vitro by donor spleen cells (2:1 ratio stimulators to responders) the percentage of DN CD30+ve T cells within the lymphocyte pool correlated with preservation of allograft lung function (both for FEV1, P =.009, and FEF25-75, P =.036) and was inversely correlated with grade of chronic rejection. On repeated exposure of recipient PBMCs to donor spleen cells with a 1:1 ratio the percentage of DN CD30+ve T cells correlated with the number of acute rejection episodes of grade 2 or greater. The total number of HLA mismatches correlated with the percentage DN CD30+ve T cells present after primary stimulation of recipient PBMCs with donor spleen cells (1:1 ratio). The number of mismatches at the B locus inversely correlated with the percentage of DN CD30+ve T cells after primary stimulation of recipient PBMCs with donor spleen cells (1:1 ratio;P =.031, n = 18). Conclusion. Percentages of DN CD30+ve T cells present following repeated stimulation of recipient PBMCs by donor spleen cells correlated with preservation of graft function following lung transplantation.

关键词： 病理生理学   实验教学   教学改革  

摘要： 病理生理学实验教学是病理生理学教学的重要组成部分,为了满足时代的需求,贯彻“融传授知识,培养能力,提高素质为一体”的现代教育思想,近年来,我们进行了病理生理学实验教学的改革探索,取得了较好的教学效果,提高了实验教学质量。

关键词： 教授   上海体育学院   运动生理学   社会体育指导员   上海市民   简介   博士生导师   硕士学位   康复医学  

摘要： 陈文鹤（1947-），男，上海人。上海体育学院教授，博士生导师。1983年毕业于上海体育学院，获教育学硕士学位，留校任教。1989年作为访问学者赴美国加州大学进修运动生理学和康复医学。1984年后任上海体育学院运动生理学教研室副主任、主任。兼任上海市第9届生理学会理事，上海市医学会肥胖儿童健康之家专家组成员，上海市社会体育指导员培训讲师团成员，上海市民健身热线首席专家。

关键词： 周围神经功能恢复   经皮电刺激   电生理学研究   周围神经再生   阴极   神经电生理学   坐骨神经损伤   受损坐骨神经   神经吻合术   显微外科   对照组   潜伏期   大鼠  

摘要： 目的:研究经皮电刺激对大鼠坐骨神经损伤后的神经电生理学的影响,探讨电刺激促进周围神经功能恢复的有效性。方法:手术横断大鼠坐骨神经后行显微外科神经吻合术并进行经皮电刺激,采用电生理学方法观察电刺激对周围神经再生的影响,并与对照组进行比较。结果:电刺激组受损坐骨神经的潜伏期(0.58±0.33ms)较对照组(2.27±0.88ms)缩短,差异有显著意义。结论:经皮电刺激可能具有促进受损周围神经再生和传导功能恢复的作用。

关键词： 中国   生理学   学会   验方   法技术   实验研究   教学法   培训班  

关键词： 模拟高原训练   新发展   运动能力   运动生理学   运动员   体育科学   有效途径   动员能力   低氧   训练中心  

摘要： 近年来,HiLo(living high-training low)作为提高运动员能力的一种有效途径,已得到体育科学界的认可,并取得令人瞩目的发展。最近,在HiLo基础上发展起来的"高住高练低训"(living high-exercise high-training low,HiHiLo)被认为对运动员运动能力的提高有更加显著的效果,大有取代传统高原训练的趋势。本文从运动生理学角度解释HiLo。

关键词： 翘嘴红鲌   饲料蛋白   生长激素   蛋白效率   增重率  

摘要： 本文选择翘嘴红鲐为研究对象，探讨饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴红鲐鱼苗生长和饲料蛋白水平以及豆粕替代鱼粉对鱼种生长、消化、蛋白质合成与周转以及内分泌激素分泌的调控的影响。研究结果如下：\n　　(1)饲料蛋白质水平对鱼的增重率、蛋白效率均具有显著的影响(P＜0.05)，含量为47.53％的饲料组其鱼体增重显著高于蛋白含量为32.58％、37.64％饲料组(P＜0.05)，最大增重的适宜蛋白水平是43.25％，蛋白效率最大的饲料蛋白质水平为42.5％。\n　　(2)翘嘴红鲌鱼种适宜蛋白水平为38.0％。当大豆蛋白分别替代13.5％、27.0％、40.5％的鱼粉蛋白时，翘嘴红鲐的增重率和蛋白效率与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05)，而且都显著高于54.0％替代组(P＜0.05)。\n　　(3)饲料蛋白水平对翘嘴红鲌肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶比活力具有显著影响(P＜0.05)。肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶活力随着饲料蛋白水平的升高不断增强，当饲料蛋白水平为50.33％时，肠道蛋白酶活力显著高于31.04％饲料蛋白组(P＜0.05)；40.89％饲料蛋白组的肝胰脏蛋白酶活力显著高于31.04％和35.51％饲料蛋白组(P＜0.05)。饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉对翘嘴红鲐肠道和肝胰脏蛋白酶活力有显著影响(P＜0.05)。肝胰脏和肠道的蛋白酶活力都随着大豆蛋白替代量的增加而显著降低(P＜0.05)，当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量达到40.5％和54.0％时，肠道蛋白酶活力分别显著低于鱼粉组(P＜0.05)，当饲料中大豆蛋白对鱼粉蛋白替代量达到27.0％时，肝胰脏蛋白酶活力显著低于鱼粉组(P＜0.05)。肠道淀粉酶的活力没有受到豆粕替代鱼粉的影响(P＞0.

关键词： carbonic anhydrase   red blood cell   gill   isozyme   evolution   anaemia  

摘要： It is well established that the gills of teleost fish contain substantial levels of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA), but it is unclear which CA isozyme(s) might be responsible for this activity. The objective of the current study was to determine if branchial CA activity in rainbow trout was the result of a general cytoplasmic CA isozyme, with kinetic properties, tissue distribution and physiological functions distinct from those of the red blood cell (rbc)specific CA isozyme. Isolation and sequencing of a second trout cytoplasmic CA yielded a 780 bp coding region that was 76% identical with the trout rbc CA (TCAb), although the active sites differed by only 1 amino acid. Interestingly, phylogenetic analyses did not group these two isozymes closely together, suggesting that more fish species may have multiple cytoplasmic CA isozymes. In contrast to TCAb, the second cytoplasmic CA isozyme had a wide tissue distribution with high expression in the gills and brain, and lower expression in many tissues, including the red blood cells. Thus, unlike TCAb, the second isozyme lacks tissue specificity and may be expressed in the cytoplasm of all cells. For this reason, it is referred to hereafter as TCAc (trout cytoplasmic CA). The inhibitor properties of both cytoplasmic isozymes were similar (K-i acetazolamide 1.21 +/- 0.18 nmol l(-1) and 1.34 +/- 0.10 nmol l(-1) for TCAc and TCAb, respectively). However, the turnover of TCAb was over three times greater than that of TCAc (30.3 +/- 5.83 vs 8.90 +/- 1.95 e(4) s(-1), respectively), indicating that the rbc-specific CA isoform was significantly faster than the general cytoplasmic isoform. Induction of anaemia revealed differential expression of the two isozymes in the red blood cell;whereas TCAc mRNA expression was unaffected, TCAb mRNA expression was significantly increased by 30- to 60-fold in anaemic trout.