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关键词： 生理学实验   内容   能力  

摘要： 生理学是一门重要的医学基础课程，它从正常机体生理功能的发生机制、条件以及机体内外环境变化对这些功能的影响等方面人手，阐述了生理变化的规律，它架起了医学理论通往医学临床实践的桥梁。随着当前医学研究的不断发展，知识结构的不断变化，科技信息速度的增长，新世纪医学模式的转变对医学教育工作者提出了更高的要求，生理学的内容也发生了日新月异的变化，并被定为医学院校的主干课程之一，受到广大医学生和临床医生的重视和青睐，成为热门科学。但是本学科理论性很强，抽象难懂，在教学工作中要让学生真正理解并掌握它，必须借助于生理学实验，它是实践性教学环节之一，因此生理学又是一门实验科学。大量开展实验教学是进行科学研究、培养具有良好综合素质和专业技能的高级实用型人才的重要手段。

关键词： HEK293细胞   膜片钳   全细胞记录   延迟整流   电压门控钾电流  

摘要： 目的探讨人胚胎肾细胞(HEK293细胞)内源性电压门控钾通道的电生理特性,避免HEK293细胞上内源性离子通道对外源性离子通道表达时的干扰。方法利用全细胞膜片钳技术分析了HEK293细胞内源性电压门控钾通道的电生理特性。结果在HEK293细胞上去极化电压从-80 mV开始可触发1个外向电流。在+100 mV时电流为(422.78±68.87)pA,电流密度为(21.91±3.20)pA/pF。钾通道阻断剂四乙胺(tetraethylammonium,TEA)、4-氨基吡啶(4-aminopyri-dine,4-AP),在将细胞外液钾浓度由4 mmol/L提高到40 mmol/L时,对外向电流有影响。结论正常培养的HEK293细胞本身有内源性的钾通道。该外向电流可能包括了IK、IK1、IKur和Ito。

关键词： CAI课件   运动生理学   双平台  

摘要： 运动生理学是较抽象的专业基础课,针对其特点应用FrontPage、PowerPoint、Flash、3Dstudio等软件,开发出具有课堂教学和网上自学双平台的《运动生理学》CAI课件,取得良好的教学效果.

关键词： 篮球比赛   音乐   体育心理学   运动生理学   动作技能   战术节奏  

摘要： 音乐表现了人们丰富的感情世界,是心灵的体操.音乐与体育在许多方面是相辅相成的.篮球比赛可以看成是一种情与形结合的表演艺术,在这个表演中要求观众和运动员能够融入这种深邃的意境.现代篮球比赛中引入音乐,增加了其表现性、观赏性和艺术性的效果.例如,在国内的 CBA中引入了美国 NBA中的音乐,明显调动了在场所有人的情绪;还有现在风靡全国的街头三人篮球赛中引入 HIPHOP音乐,使音乐成为其不可缺少的一部分.

关键词： 口腔解剖生理学   医学基础   丝裂原活化蛋白激酶   下颌第二恒磨牙   发育性偏颌畸形   力学信号转导   髁突软骨细胞   功能性磁共振   咀嚼运动   临床意义  

摘要： 下颌第二恒磨牙解剖特点及临床意义初步探讨；丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路在髁突软骨细胞力学信号转导过程中的作用；健康成人戴用软牙合垫紧咬运动时脑激活区域的功能性磁共振成像研究；发育性偏颌畸形对咀嚼运动的影响；……

关键词： 生理学   实验课   教学体会  

摘要： 生理学是以生物机体的生命活动现象和各个组成部分的功能为研究对象的一门科学,也是一门基础医学科学.从研究方法和知识的获得来说,生理学是一门实验性科学,也就是说,生理学的知识主要是通过实验获得的.但由于生理学实验的操作性强,动物实验难度大,学生普遍对生理学实验课缺乏兴趣,这往往给教师们增加了教学难度.因此,如何在实验课教学中提高学生的积极性,培养学生的操作能力,加深对理论知识的理解,显得极为重要.笔者通过观摩资深教师的教学过程和总结自己的实验课教学实践,就如何上好生理学实验课谈以下几点体会.

关键词： LEUCOCYTES   FIBRINOLYTIC agents   KIDNEY diseases   PATHOLOGICAL physiology  

摘要： Background. Little is known of the fibrinolytic host immune mechanisms responsible for induction of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), defined as a loss in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) caused by tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, often with fibrous intimal thickening in the small arteries. However, chronic rejection has been reported to be associated with decreased activity of the fibrinolytic system. In our previous study, [Deamino-Cys(1), D-Arg(8)]-vasopressin (dDAVP) induced urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) release from human peripheral T lymphocytes via arginine vasopressin (AVP) V-2-receptor-mediated reaction enhanced by an AVP V-1-receptor antagonist. Therefore, we examined the level of uPA released from peripheral T lymphocytes by AVP in transplant patients with CAN in comparison with control groups. Patients and Methods. In this study, we evaluated in vitro uPA releasing activity of lymphocytes obtained from renal allograft patients with well-functioning grafts (n = 9), CAN (n = 5), or acute rejection episodes (n = 5) compared with lymphocytes from healthy volunteers with normal renal function (n = 12) or patients with renal insufficiency (n = 5). Results. Lymphocytes prepared from patients with chronic allograft nephropathy showed a significantly lower increase in uPA release induced by the combination of the V-1-receptor antagonist and dDAVP compared with those from the other groups. Conclusion. This finding suggested that a decrease in uPA release from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by AVP-related peptides may be potentially involved in the pathophysiology of CAN.

关键词： Animals   Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology   Electrophysiology   Membrane Potentials/physiology   Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology   Pulmonary Veins/cytology   Pulmonary Veins/physiopathology  

关键词： angiogenesis   interleukin-2   preeclampsia   soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1   Thl cytokine   trophoblasts  

摘要： T helper (Th)1 cytokine-predominating status and compromised placental vasculature is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. However, it remains to be clarified how these two phenomena relate to each other. We have reported that lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells induced from decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) with interleukin (IL)-2 expressed in preeclamptic placenta reduced the angiogenic activity of cytotrophoblasts (CTs). The objective of this study was to examine how LAK cells reduced the angiogenic activity of CTs. We investigated the angiogenesis-related molecules released from cultured CTs obtained from first trimester placenta that had been pretreated with either non-activated DMCs or LAK cells from DMCs. The amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placenta growth factor (PIGF) and their antagonist, soluble fms-like tyrosine-kinase-1 (sFlt-1) released in CT culture media were measured using ELISA. CTs pretreated with LAK cells released more sFlt-1 compared with those pretreated with non-activated lymphocytes, and CTs pretreated with non-activated lymphocytes released more sFlt-1 compared with those without pretreatment. The release of total VEGF and free PlGF from CTs was not altered by pretreatment with DMCs. Thus, in preeclamptic placenta, LAK cells induced from DMCs by co-existing IL-2 may react to the invading CTs and enhance the release of sFlt-1 from CTs without any change of VEGF or PlGF secretion. This might result in the reduction of actual angiogenic potential of the VEGF system in decidua and the placental vascular system might be compromised, which may lead to the development of preeclampsia. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： 伽玛刀   视神经   电生理学   放射剂量分次  

摘要： 目的探讨引起受压迫的猫视神经电生理学变化的最小伽玛刀剂量。方法制作20只猫视神经压迫动物模型,模型制成后2个月,随机分为5组,每组4只,1组作为对照,其余4组分别接受10、11、12、13 Gy伽玛刀的照射,照射后分别于3 d、1周、半个月、1、2、3、4、5个月进行电生理监测。结果10 Gy组在伽玛刀照射后1周内有电生理的变化,这种变化在半个月时有所恢复,随着时间的延长逐渐恢复。11 Gy以上组在伽玛刀照射后出现了不可逆电生理学的异常变化,这种变化随着时间的延长而加重。结论10 Gy可引起受压迫的猫视神经电生理学的可逆性变化,11 Gy可引起视神经不可逆的放射性损伤。