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关键词： 神经电生理学   神经外科   脑功能定位   医科大学   生理学家   毕业分配   肿瘤细胞   中枢神经  

摘要： 早在协和医科大学求学期间．李作汉就向往着探索人脑的奥秘。1962年毕业分配在北京神经外科研究所在著名的临床神经生理学家杨烐林博士领导下他从事脑肿瘤、脑外伤及癫痫的临床神经电生理学研究工作．并在国内最早开展了颞叶癫痫手术时．皮层脑电图的研究及人脑功能定位研究．脑水肿的病理生理研究同时．应用微电极技术进行正常的中沤神经细胞与中枢神经肿瘤细胞的电活动研究工作。

关键词： 营养代谢   壳聚糖   罗非鱼   生理学作用   机体免疫力   抗微生物活性   饲料添加剂   降解产物  

摘要： 壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰基后的降解产物，具有抗微生物活性、激活淋巴细胞、提高免疫力、调节脂肪代谢、降低血脂胆固醇等多种生理功能，享有“第六生命要素”之称。大量试验证实壳聚糖具有提高动物机体免疫力、调节动物脂质代谢、提高动物营养代谢效率，降低饲料系数等作用，为其成为罗非鱼的优质饲料添加剂奠定了理论基础。

关键词： RM6240BD多道生理信号采集处理系统   实验教学   动物生理学  

摘要： RM6240BD多道生理信号采集处理系统是一种集数字信号处理技术、生物信号采集、放大、显示、记录、分析于一体的多媒体系统，其功能强大，操作灵活。将该系统应用于动物生理学实验教学中，其功能得到了很好的发挥，现已成为一种有力的实验教学辅助工具。

关键词： 生理学   双语教学  

摘要： 本文根据作者医学生理学双语教学实践过程和实践效果,探讨生理学双语教学的教材选择、双语教学的教学组织形式和双语教学的教学效果评价。双语教学教师应该加强双语教学规律的研究,努力探索出一条具有中国特色的双语教学道路,推动我国当前高等教育事业改革的步伐。

关键词： 干细胞   生物活性   细胞生理学   细胞运动  

摘要： Stem cells possess the remarkable ability of extensive self-renewal and differentiation into specific celllineages,and they play essential roles in development and adult tissue *** to their criticalimportance in normal physiology and the promise for use in regenerative medicine to treat a variety ofdiseases,stem cells have attracted extensive research interest in recent *** China's premium in-ternational journal with a broad scope in cell and molecular biology,Cell Research has witnessed moreand more submissions on stem cell ***,along with the traditional strengths of the journal inmolecular immunology,cancer biology,and plant molecular physiology,stem cell research has graduallyand naturally evolved into a new growth point of Cell *** the growing interest of bothour readers and authors in this exciting and expanding field,we are pleased to present this Special Issueon Stem Cell Research.

关键词： calcium transients   metabolism   proteome   slow freezing   vitrification  

摘要： In contrast to the preimplantation mammalian embryo, it has been notoriously difficult to cryopreserve the metaphase II oocyte. The ability to store oocytes successfully at -196 degrees C has numerous practical and financial advantages, together with ethical considerations, and will positively impact animal breeding programs and assisted conception in the human. Differences in membrane permeability and in physiology are two main reasons why successful oocyte cryopreservation has remained elusive. It is proposed, therefore, that rather than relying on technologies already established for the preimplantation embryo, the development of cryopreservation techniques suitable for the mammalian oocyte needs to take into account the idiosyncratic physiology of this cell. Analysis of intracellular calcium, for example, has revealed that exposure to conventional permeating cryoprotectants, such as propanediol, ethylene glycol and DMSO, all independently result in an increase in calcium, which in turn has the potential to initiate oocyte activation, culminating in zona hardening. Quantification of the metabolome and proteome of the oocyte has revealed that whereas slow freezing has a dramatic effect on cell physiology, vitrification appears to have limited effect. This is plausibly achieved by the limited exposure to cryoprotectants. Analysis of meiotic spindle dynamics and embryo development following IVF, also indicate that vitrification is less traumatic than slow freezing, and therefore has the greatest potential for successful oocyte cryopreservation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 核移植   活化法   细胞繁殖   胚胎   细胞生理学  

摘要： A group of adult somatic cell cloned mice were obtained by using cumulus cells as nuclei donor cells. To study the effect of different nuclear transfer (NT) and activation methods on the development of mouse cloned embryos, embryos were reconstructed using two traditional NT methods (electrofusion and direct injection) and four activation treatments (electric pulse, ethanol, SrCl2 and electric pulse combined with SrCl2). The data showed that the efficiency of reconstruction using the direct injection method is significantly higher (90.7%) than that of the electrofusion method (49.7%). Parthenogenetic embryos can develop to blastocyst stage with three activation conditions, including ethanol, electric pulse and SrCl2; however, the rates of development to blastocyst after ethanol and electric pulse acti-vation (52.4%, 54.2%) are significantly lower than after SrCl2 activation (76.9%). Treatment of embryos for 6 h with 10 mmol/L SrCl2 was found to be the best condition for activation of parthenogenetic as well as reconstructed embryos. By contrast, reconstructed embryos failed to develop to blastocyst stage after being activated by ethanol. The use of either injection or electrofusion for embryo reconstruction affected the pre-implantation development. However, after transfer in pseudopregnant mice, cloned mice were obtained from both methods.

关键词： blood flow   calcium regulation   calcium sparks   ion channels   ocular vessels  

摘要： Control of ocular blood flow occurs predominantly at the level of the retinal and choroidal arterioles. The present article provides an overview of the Ca2+ handling mechanisms and plasmalemmal ion channels involved in the regulation of retinal and choroidal arteriolar smooth muscle tone. Increases in global intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)) involve multiple mechanisms, including agonist-dependent release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores through activation of the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) pathway. Ca2+ enters by voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels and novel dihydropyridine-sensitive store-operated nonselective cation channels. Ca2+ extrusion is mediated by plasmalemmal Ca2+-ATPases and through Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Local Ca2+ transients (Ca2+ sparks) play an important excitatory role, acting as the building blocks for more global Ca2+ signals that can initiate vasoconstriction. K+ and Cl- channels may also affect cell function by modulating membrane potential. The precise contribution of each of these mechanisms to the regulation of retinal and choroidal perfusion in vivo warrants future investigation.

ISBN: (纸本)9787801985187

关键词： calcium   cryoprotectant   oocyte   proteome   slow freezing  

摘要： BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to examine the effect of 1,2-propanediol (PrOH) and type of cryopreservation procedure (slow freezing and vitrification) on oocyte physiology. METHODS: Intracellular calcium of mouse metaphase II (MII) oocytes was quantified by fluorescence microscopy. The effect of PrOH on cell physiology was further assessed through analysis of zona pellucida hardening and cellular integrity. Protein profiles of cryopreserved oocytes were generated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). RESULTS: PrOH caused a protracted increase in calcium, which was sufficient to induce zona pellucida hardening and cellular degeneration. Using 'nominally calcium free' media during PrOH exposure significantly reduced the detrimental effects. Proteomic analysis identified numerous up- and down-regulated proteins after slow freezing when compared with control and vitrified oocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Using such approaches to assess effects on cellular physiology is fundamental to improving assisted reproduction techniques (ART). This study demonstrates that PrOH causes a significant rise in intracellular calcium. Using calcium-free media significantly reduced the increase in calcium and the associated detrimental physiological effects, suggesting that calcium-free media should be used with PrOH. In addition, analysis of the oocyte proteome following cryopreservation revealed that slow freezing has a significant effect on protein expression. In contrast, vitrification had a minimal impact, indicating that it has a fundamental advantage for the cryopreservation of oocytes.