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关键词： 海潮   编辑委员会   山西师范大学   运动生理学   教学研究会   山西省   中共党员   主讲教师  

摘要： 张海潮（1958-），山西省临猗县人，中共党员，教授。1982年毕业于山西师范大学体育系。全国自学考试山西省运动生理学课程主讲教师，山西省普通高校教师高级职务评审委员库成员，全国高等院校运动医学教学研究会会员、国家篮球一级裁判，《山西师大体育学院学报》编辑委员会委员。

关键词： 力量训练   中学生   中长跑   肌肉力量   骨骼肌肉   运动生理学   关节软骨   生理特征  

摘要： 运动生理学认为肌肉力量大小与肌肉的横断面大小等因素有关。中学生的骨骼肌肉含水分和有机物较多，无机物较少富有弹性和韧性，不易折断，关节软骨多，且其周围的肌肉细长，所以力量和坚固性差，同时肌肉的增长落后于骨骼，为适应骨骼的增长，肌肉必须要向长发展，因此肌纤维比较细长，横断面较小，故肌肉力量和耐力比较差，在对中学生进行力量训练时必须考虑此时期的生理特征，合理选择训练方法，

关键词： 诺贝尔生理学或医学奖   英国科学家   干细胞   北卡罗来纳州   生命科学学院   人类遗传学   北京时间   研究所  

摘要： 据路透社报道，北京时间8日下午，2007年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖揭晓，美国犹他大学Eccles人类遗传学研究所科学家Mario ***、美国北卡罗来纳州大学教会山分校医学院教授Oliver Smithies与英国科学家卡迪夫大学卡迪夫生命科学学院Martin ***因其在干细胞研究领域所取得的非凡成就以及做出的突出贡献而分享此项殊荣。

关键词： 《动物生理学》   实验教学   创新思维   思维能力培养  

摘要： 在动物生理学实验教学中,通过综合实验的训练及设计性实验,既能让学生灵活运用已掌握的动物生理学理论基础知识,又能拓展学生的思维空间,还能提高学生的动手能力,增加学生学习的兴趣。

关键词： 运动生理学   回顾   我国  

摘要： 运动生理学是生理学学科的一个分支,在人类认识世界发展的历史长河中它是一门年轻的学科,在我国的发展仅有五十余年。本文着重回顾了这五十年来我国运动生理学科的发展沿革,对各年代有关运动生理学的研究方向、现状、成果做了归纳总结,期望以此推动运动生理学的快速发展。

关键词： 皮肤交感反应(SSR)   糖尿病   多发性神经病   神经电生理学  

摘要： 目的:探讨皮肤交感反应(SSR)在诊断糖尿病性神经病的应用及局限性。方法:检测对象为健康对照组20人,糖尿病组45例。糖尿病组又分为两组:A组为糖尿病未合并多发神经病组20例,B组为糖尿病合并多发神经病组25例。糖尿病组及健康对照组均行正中神经、尺神经、胫神经和腓总神经顺向感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)检测及腓肠神经逆向SCV和四肢SSR的检测。结果:①所有的健康对照者均引出完整的SSR波;②糖尿病患者中SSR的消失者与SSR出现者的年龄比较差异无显著意义(P=0．608),但糖尿病病程分组比较差异有极显著意义(P=0．0001);③自主神经症状和体征在糖尿病B组(特别是手足干燥出汗少及无汗者)发生率较糖尿病A组高;④在糖尿病A组的患者中SSR手部异常率为45%(9/20),消失率为5%(1/20),足部的异常率为35%(7/20),消失率为10%(2/20);糖尿病B组患者SSR手部异常率为84%(21/25),消失率为16%(4/25),足部的异常率为84%(21/25),消失率为44%(11/25),手部SSR异常率B组显著高于A组(P=0．006),足部SSR消失率和异常率也是B组显著高于A组(P=0．02,P=0．001)。所有的患者至少一个肢体SSR异常即计入异常例,异常率为69%(31/45)。结论:SSR对糖尿病性远端对称性周围神经病患者的自主神经功能评估有诊断价值和较高的敏感性,但对糖尿病早期自主神经病的诊断,特别是与临床自主神经功能障碍的症状和体征的相关性评估还有待进一步深入研究。

关键词： rabbit   welfare   physiology   behaviour   behavioural test   coping strategy   husbandry   management   handling   environmental enrichment  

摘要： The major issues regarding the welfare of both farmed and laboratory rabbits are reviewed, according to husbandry and management systems. The main stressors that can affect welfare and homeostatic responses in rabbits are also reviewed. An overview of the most widespread housing systems for both farmed and laboratory rabbits is presented. The main problems related to housing and management are identified, in particular those related to individual and group housing, space requirements and group size, as well as human-animal interaction. The effects of psychological and physical stressors on physiology and behaviour are illustrated through examples in various rearing conditions. Psychological stressors include social stress and fear, while physical stressors include environmental variables such as housing system and climatic factors, i.e. heat. Welfare indicators are identified that can be monitored to determine the effects of individual and environmental variables on the animals' possible coping strategies. Physiological indicators include the neuro-enclocrine and psycbo-neuro-immuno-endocrine measurements, while behavioural indicators include the behavioural repertoire and responses to behavioural tests. Some possible ways to enhance welfare are indicated, such as enrichment of the environment and improved handling procedures. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons   phenanthrene   phenanthrenequinone   copper   cytotoxicity   JEG-3   placenta   redox cycling  

摘要： The trophoblast cell line, JEG-3, was used to study the cytotoxicity of phenanthrene, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PHEQ), anthracene, and 9,10-anthracenedione alone and with copper. The endpoints were the capacity of cultures to reduce alamar Blue (AB), a measure of energy metabolism, and to convert carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA AM) to carboxyfluorescein, an indication of membrane integrity. Only PHEQ elicited a cytotoxic response. PHEQ caused a concentration-dependent decline in AB but not in CFDA AM readings, suggesting an impairment to energy metabolism. In the presence of copper, PHEQ concentration-response curves were shifted to the left for AB and were obtained with CFDA AM. The Cu/PHEQ synergy is attributed to an increase in redox cycling and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overwhelm antioxidant defenses, damaging energy metabolism first and then membrane integrity. The impermeable copper chelator, bathocuproine, reduced the PHEQ/copper interaction, but the permeable chelator, neocuproine, and copper together were cytotoxic. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： autoimmune disease   Sjogren's syndrome   cytokines   Th1   Th2   Th17   regulatory T cells   TGF-beta   IFN   IL-17   BAFF  

摘要： Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and malfunction of the exocrine glands, resulting in dry mouth and eyes. This multigenic and multifunctional disease can present as primary Sjogren's syndrome or secondary to an underlying connective tissue disease. Immune activation subsequent to activation or apoptosis of glandular epithelial cells in genetically predisposed individuals may expose autoantigens, which engage self-perpetuating T cell dependent auto-immune sequelae. The cellular and molecular context of this immune response may drive proinflammatory (Th1 and Th17) and restrain inhibitory (Treg) pathways. Inability to suppress the immune response results in persistent tissue damage and compromised function of salivary and lacrimal glands. Defining the contributions of participating T cells may unravel strategies for therapeutic intervention.

关键词： Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology   Atrial Fibrillation/therapy   Catheter Ablation   Electrophysiology   Fistula   Heart Atria/physiopathology   Humans   Pulmonary Veins/surgery