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关键词： 生理学   实验教学   科学研究  

摘要： 实验课是生理学教学的重要环节。在教学过程中，除了重视技术操作外，科研理念的渗透和贯穿也是不容忽视的。首先，让学生认识到实验在生理学发展中的重要地位以及生理学实验的大体分类和发展前景；其次，强调在实验中应当具有团队精神，一次实验的出色完成需要实验组成员的共同努力和协作；最后，应当具备严谨诚实的实验态度和善待动物的实验行为。在实验教学中既指导学生完成大纲要求的技术操作，又有科研理念潜移默化的融入对于培养学生具备初步的科研素质和态度是有益的。

关键词： 肌电图   肌肉生物电势图   电诊断图   研讨会   会议   神经电生理  

摘要： 为了促进学术交流,提高学术水平,进一步推动神经电生理检查的规范化,中华医学会神经病学分会肌电图与临床电生理学组和中华神经科杂志编辑部拟召开第十届全国肌电图与临床神经生理学术会议暨规范化研讨会,目前暂定于2008年9月21日~25日在宁夏回族自治区银川市举行。会上将邀请肌电图和临床神经生理学组的有关专家就神经电生理检查的规范化等方面进行讲座,学组还制定了关于肌电图诊断标准检测规范的手册并将与参会者进行交流。现面向全国广大肌电图和临床电生理研究人员进行征稿,欢迎大家积极投稿。参会者将获得国家级继续教育学分。1.征文范围:肌电图,各种反射以及脑诱发电位和脑电图的临床应用及基础研究。2.投稿要求:投稿请寄word格式的800~1000字摘要1份,按目的、方法、结果和结论的格式书写(可通过E-mail投稿,邮寄稿件请附软盘),要求论文未公开发表,作者姓名及单位注于文题下,并于文后注明通信作者联系电话及E-mail地址。请在信封或E-mail主题中注明第十届肌电图会议征文字样。3.投稿地址:100710北京市东四西大街42号中华神经科杂志编辑部。E-mail:cjn@***或zh-sjkzz@126.c...

关键词： Animals   Arachidonic Acid   Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System   Epoxide Hydrolases   动物   花生四烯酸   环氧水解酶类   羟基花生四烯酸类   炎症   新生血管化   生理性   Epoxide Hydrolases   Arachidonic Acids   Pathophysiology   Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System  

摘要： Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases and the soluble epoxide hydrolase are enzymes that regulate the cellular content of bioactive epoxides such as the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids derived from arachidonic acid. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are recognized as lipid mediators that participate in vascular signaling processes such as the acute regulation of vascular tone and the processes of inflammation and angiogenesis.

关键词： ciliary muscle   cytoskeleton   gene therapy   intraocular pressure   outflow facility   presbyopia   trabecular meshwork   uveoscleral outflow  

摘要： Several major areas of work by the author and his international collaborators are reviewed. (1) The ciliary muscle in the non-human primate eye was disinserted at the scleral spur. Pilocarpine was then ineffective in increasing outflow facility, indicating that ciliary muscle contraction mediated the IOP-lowering effect of muscarinic cholinergics. (2) Compounds such as cytochalasins, H-7 and latrunculin A/B, which alter the actin cytoskeleton, cellular contractility and cellular adhesions in cultured trabecular meshwork cells, relaxed trabecular pathway cells and consequently the meshwork itself so as to decrease IOP and enhance trabecular outflow facility in non-human primates. Gene transfer approaches utilizing C3 and caldesmon over-expression by viral vectors to target specific steps in the cellular contractility/cytoskeleton/cell adhesion cascades characteristically altered trabecular meshwork cell morphology and increased outflow facility in organ-cultured anterior segments. (3) Prostaglandin F-2 alpha analogues enhanced matrix metalloproteinase production by ciliary muscle cells and scleral fibroblasts, leading to remodeling of the extracellular matrix of the ciliary muscle and sclera and consequently to increased uveoscleral outflow and decreased IOP in primates. (4) The rhesus monkey was an excellent model for human presbyopia, losing the accommodative response to cholinergic stimulation in the same timeframe relative to lifespan. No changes were found in ciliary muscle enzymes involved in acetylcholine biosynthesis or degradation or in muscarinic receptor numbers or affinity. Contractility of isolated ciliary muscle did not diminish with age, but posterior ciliary muscle attachments stiffened, suggesting a possible role in restricting muscle and consequently lens movement during accommodation. A model to reproducibly stimulate accommodation through central stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus was developed. Goniovideography and ultrasound biomicrosco

关键词： APOPTOSIS   TISSUES   HOMEOSTASIS   PROTEINS   MITOCHONDRIA   ENDOPLASMIC reticulum  

摘要： Apoptosis is essential for maintenance of tissue homeostasis and its deregulation underlies many disease conditions. The BCL-2 family of proteins is a group of evolutionarily conserved regulators of cell death, comprising both anti- and pro-apoptotic members, which operate at the mitochondrial membrane to control caspase activation. Different BCL-2-related proteins are also located in multiprotein complexes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which are involved in the control of diverse cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis, autophagy, the unfolded protein response and ER morphogenesis. Here, we describe the emerging concept that BCL-2-related proteins have alternative functions beyond apoptosis to control the essential functions of the cell.

关键词： bipolar disorder   neuroplasticity   intracellular signaling cascades   lithium   valproic acid   mood stabilizer  

摘要： Bipolar disorder ( BPD) is characterized by recurrent episodes of disturbed affect including mania and depression as well as changes in psychovegetative function, cognitive performance, and general health. A growing body of data suggests that BPD arises from abnormalities in synaptic and neuronal plasticity cascades, leading to aberrant information processing in critical synapses and circuits. Thus, these illnesses can best be conceptualized as genetically influenced disorders of synapses and circuits rather than simply as deficits or excesses in individual neurotransmitters. In addition, commonly used mood-stabilizing drugs that are effective in treating BPD have been shown to target intracellular signaling pathways that control synaptic plasticity and cellular resilience. In this article we draw on clinical, preclinical, neuroimaging, and post-mortem data to discuss the neurobiology of BPD within a conceptual framework while highlighting the role of neuroplasticity in the pathophysiology and treatment of this disorder.

关键词： Animals   Apoptosis   Cell Death   Cell Physiology   Energy Metabolism   Humans   动物   脱噬作用   细胞死亡   细胞生理学   能量代谢   动力学   线粒体   有丝分裂   Energy Metabolism   turgor   Mitochondria   Fatigue   Apoptosis   Cell Death   Power production   Cell Body   Cell Physiological Phenomena  

摘要： Apoptosis is defined as the process of "programmed cell death" (PCD), during which many cells simultaneously die from within along a very orderly pattern. PCD is as intrinsic for cells as mitosis and is involved in both degenerative and developmental processes of organs and organisms. The pattern of apoptotic cell decay is caused by the total cellular content. Since all body cells possess the same genome, they are similar in many aspects and, therefore, the major processes are nearly identical in all cell types. The same destructive processes also occur continuously in healthy living cells, but then the capacity of repair mechanisms is sufficient to effect cellular integrity. Decay processes become visible, as soon as repair can no more be sufficient. PCD starts as soon as produced energy is permanently insufficient to repress decay. Decreased energy production may arise due to (i) turning off the pivotal tricarbonic acid cycle, (ii) turning off oxidative phosphorylation, (iii) damage of mitochondria, and (iv) inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis regarding both the mitochondrial and the nuclear part. The consequence of this kind of decreased energy production will be a massive, inefficient fermentative energy production with enormous amounts of lactic acid. Increasing acidity and falling pH will slow down enzymatic activities and thus also intracellular processes. As soon as energy for repair has become insufficient, cellular decay becomes irreversible and the cell will die. Thus, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is suggested to arise due to low mitochondrial energy production. For optimal functioning cells need adequate internal conditions and cellular morphology. Cellular morphology depends on (i) the intracellular turgor, (ii) the intracellular cytoskeleton, and (iii) close intercellular contact with neighbour cells. Lack of energy implies decrease of turgor and, consequently, a strong decline of conditions needed for adequate functioning of the cell. Thus,

关键词： 多媒体课件   Authorware   软件   运动生理学教学  

摘要： 运动生理学是体育专业一门主干课程,Authorware软件具生动性、集成性、交互性等优势,很容易地将文字、图形、动画、声音及视频组合起来,使大量的信息具体化,复杂的信息简单化,将抽象而枯燥的理论转化为直观的动态画面来展示给学生,给惯于形象思维的体育专业学生留下深刻印象,在运动生理学教学实践中能获得良好的教学效果,但在教学方式、授课内容与速度、教学课件质量等方面也存在一些问题。

关键词： 运动生理-生理学-高等学校：技术学校-教材  

关键词： 颞叶癫痫   微侵袭诊疗   临床疗效   神经电生理学   神经导航  

摘要： 目的和意义:本项临床研究试图通过对16名患者的回顾性分析来评价导航或立体定向辅助海马切除术治疗颞叶癫痫的临床疗效，并初步确定该术式的最佳适应症。同时试图评价深部电极对痫性放电定侧、定位的准确性与临床应用价值。探讨难治性颞叶癫痫的微侵袭诊疗方法。 资料和方法:本项临床研究为回顾性分析，研究对象为2003年5月～2007年12月间，16例施行了导航或立体定向辅助海马切除术的难治性颞叶癫痫患者。所有患者均行MRI、视频脑电图、深部电极记录，依据临床表现、神经电生理、影像学检查一致的原则定位致痫灶。并以同期行前颞叶切除术的21例患者为对照组进行比较，所得资料均使用SPSS 14.0统计软件进行统计。 结果:导航或立体定向辅助海马切除术治疗颞叶癫痫的有效率为93.8％（15/16）;与前颞叶切除术相比，两种术式在统计学上预后无显著性差异。深部电极能明确定位者7例（43.8％），定侧者9例（56.2％）。在15例手术有效的患者中，有8例其深部电极与MRI均定位于同一侧。 结论:神经导航与立体定向技术均有助于海马病灶的准确定位与安全切除;植入颅内深部电极监测脑电对致痫灶定侧定位是安全有效的方法，可作为颞叶内侧型癫痫致痫灶定侧定位的可靠指标。综合运用神经电生理学、神经影像学技术以及神经导航系统有助于完善颞叶癫痫的诊断与治疗，使海马切除术更为符合微侵袭手术理念。