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关键词： 肌电图检测   临床应用   诊断水平   神经电生理学   中华医学会   临床重要性   神经病  

摘要： 中华医学会神经病学分会肌电图和临床神经电生理学组经过多次讨论、修改后编写的“肌电图规范化检测和临床应用共识”（以下简称“共识”）已经在本刊2008年第4、5期正式发表，为提高我国肌电图检测的临床诊断水平迈出了重要的一步。读过此“共识”后对其临床重要性、主要特点以及若干需要探讨的问题有一些感想，总结归纳于下，仅供同道参考商榷。

摘要： 为推动全国临床肌电图与电生理研究学术进展,加强学术交流,中华医学会神经病学分会肌电图与临床神经电生理学组和中华神经科杂志编辑委员会拟定于2008年7月3—7日在宁夏回族自治区银川市举行第卜届全国肌电图与临床神经生理学术会议暨规范化研讨会。会上将邀请汤晓芙、康德瑄、沈定国、崔丽英、樊东升、王玉平、张通等肌电图和临床神经电生理学的著名专家授课及主持会议,就肌电图、各种

关键词： 植物生理学   教学改革   高职院校   实验课   探究能力   科学思维   实验教学   科学探究  

摘要： 植物生理学是一门实验性很强的学科。实验教学有利于促进学生的科学思维及探究能力的发展，通过正确的引导，可以使学生成为科学探究的主体，从而培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。

关键词： 生物医学信号系统   生理学   实验  

摘要： 生物医学信号是反映有机体功能状态的信号,是生命信息的载体。其在生理实验教学中的应用,操作简便、功能性强,提高了学生的求知欲,大大提高了实践教学的效率。

关键词： Animals   Cell Physiology   History   20th Century   Hormones   Humans   Molecular Biology   动物   细胞生理学   激素类   分子生物学   神经内分泌学   Steroid Hormone   medical school   molecular biology   Endocrinology   Hormones   Scientific personnel   Cell Physiological Phenomena   hormone action   Neurosecretory Systems  

摘要： During the middle of the 20th Century many fine endo-crinologists worked on mechanisms of steroid hormone action. They tended to concentrate on rapid changes in biochemical reactions hi the cytoplasm. For example, Claude Villee and Dwight Hagerman at Harvard Medical School reported estrogen-sensitive enzymatic activities. This type of work was viewed as the most important approach to what would later be called molecular endocrinology. During the International Congress of Endocrinology in 1958 there were two Symposia on mechanisms of steroid hormone action. One, covering work like Villee's, was packed. The other, dealing with potential nuclear mechanisms of hormone action, had five people in the room. They were the five speakers.

关键词： ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters   Humans   Lipid Metabolism   Inborn Errors   脂质代谢缺陷   先天性   脂蛋白类   植物甾醇类   谷甾醇   构效关系   Sterols   Laboratory Diagnosis   Sitosterolemia   Lipid Metabolism   ABCG8 gene   Familial Hypercholesterolemia   Enterocytes   cholesterol measurements   Voyages around the world   tendon xanthoma   ABCG5 gene   Flights around the world   ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters  

摘要： Sitosterolaemia is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease, the key feature of which is the impairment of pathways that normally prevent absorption and retention of non-cholesterol sterols, for example plant sterols and shellfish sterols. The clinical manifestations are akin to familial hypercholesterolaemia ( such as presence of tendon xanthomas and premature atherosclerosis), but with "normal to moderately elevated'' cholesterol levels. The gene( s) causing sitosterolaemia was mapped to the STSL locus on human chromosome 2p21, and mutations in either of the two genes that comprise this locus, ABCG5 or ABCG8, cause this disease. Exact prevalence is unknown, but there are estimated to be 80-100 cases around the world. This rare disease has shed light into the molecular mechanisms that control sterol trafficking in the enterocyte and hepatocyte;ABCG5 and ABCG8 heterodimerise to form a sterol efflux transporter in the liver and intestine. In this review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and approach to clinical and laboratory diagnosis of this disease are described.

关键词： Hemodialysis   Clinical   Tissues   Capillaries   Prevention  

摘要： Microbubbles have been detected in the human circulation of end-stage renal disease patients who are treated by hemodialysis throughout the past decade as a result of advanced ultrasound and Doppler technology. These detection tools uncovered signals of microbubbles, which originate in extracorporeal lines and tubing of hemodialysis machine, circulate in the blood stream until lodging in the capillary bed of various organs, mainly the lungs. During its course within the capillary, a bubble abrades the glycocalyx layer lining the surface of the vessels and thereafter obstructs blood flow through the capillary. This causes tissue ischemia, inflammatory response, and complement activation. Aggregation of platelets and clot formation occurs as well, leading to further obstruction of the microcirculation and subsequent tissue damage. In this review, we describe the biological and clinical effects of microbubbles during hemodialysis and discuss management with regard to prevention and treatment.

关键词： BIOLOGY   ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY   BIOLOGICAL models   INFORMATION science  

摘要： In recent years there has been much development of the fundamental ideas underlying mathematical model curation in regard to models of biology. While much has been achieved in the realms of systems biology and bioinformatics, little progress has been made in relation to cellular electrophysiology modeling. The primary reason for slow progress in this field is the lack of a consistent and machine-readable reference description for a given model. CellML has been widely used to describe mathematical models of cellular electrophysiology in an unambiguous, machine-readable format. Through the use of well-annotated CellML models we propose a standard by which reference descriptions of cellular electrophysiology models can be similarly defined in an unambiguous, software independent, and machine-readable format. Adoption of this standard will provide a consistent technology by which cellular electrophysiology models can be curated.

关键词： 学术会议通知   脑电图   电诊断图   一轮   神经电生理  

关键词： 肌萎缩   肌萎缩侧索硬化   运动神经元病   诊断   鉴别   神经传导阻滞   肌电描记术  

摘要： 目的探讨平山病的神经电生理学特点及其与肌萎缩侧索硬化、多灶性运动神经病的鉴别诊断。方法分别对平山病(26例)、肌萎缩侧索硬化(30例)和多灶性运动神经病(16例)患者进行运动和感觉传导速度、肌电图及交感皮肤反应等神经电生理学检查。运动传导速度采用由远端至近端分段刺激,记录复合肌肉动作电位的波幅、时限、面积及波形的变化,并判断是否存在神经传导阻滞;肌电图检查记录脑区肌肉(双侧胸锁乳突肌),颈区肌肉(拇短展肌、小指展肌、第一骨间肌、肱二头肌),胸区肌肉(T10椎旁肌、腹直肌)和腰骶区肌肉(胫骨前肌)的肌电活动。比较3组患者神经电生理学特点的差异性。结果平山病组患者均无神经传导阻滞,肌电图检查显示颈区肌肉呈神经源性损害;肌萎缩侧索硬化组患者亦无神经传导阻滞,肌电图检查显示脑区、颈区、胸区和腰骶区肌肉均呈神经源性损害;多灶性运动神经病组患者均存在神经传导阻滞,肌电图检查颈区和腰骶区肌肉呈神经源性损害。平山病组患者神经传导阻滞的发生率与多灶性运动神经病组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.000,P=0.000);平山病组患者神经源性损害的发生率与肌萎缩侧索硬化组比较,差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=56.000,P=0.000)。结论平山病组患者运动和感觉传导速度均无异常,无神经传导阻滞,但肌电图检查显示颈区肌肉呈神经源性损害。