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关键词： adapters   T cells   Chat-H   Hef1/CasL   T-cell receptor   chemokine  

摘要： The Cas family of proteins consists of at least four members implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, adhesion, motility, and cancer cell metastasis. Cas family members have conserved C-termini that mediate constitutive heterotypic interactions with members of a different group of proteins, the NSP family. Both the Cas and NSP proteins have conserved domains that mediate protein-protein interactions with other cytoplasmic intermediates. Signaling modules assembled by these proteins in turn regulate signal transduction downstream of a variety of receptors including integrin, chemokine, and antigen receptors. T lymphocytes express the NSP protein NSP3/Chat-H and the Cas protein Hef1/CasL, which are found in a constitutive complex in naive T cells. We recently showed that Chat-H and Hef1/CasL regulate integrin-mediated adhesion and promote T-cell migration and trafficking downstream of activated chemokine receptors. It is currently unclear if the Chat-H/CasL module also plays a role in antigen receptor signaling. Here we review our current knowledge of how Chat-H and Hef1/CasL regulate T-cell physiology and whether this protein complex plays a functional role downstream of T-cell receptor activation.

关键词： Algorithms   Amino Acid Sequence   Computer Simulation   Cytokinins/genetics   Cytokinins/metabolism   Feedback, Physiological/physiology   Feedback, Physiological/physiology   Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics   Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics   Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism   Mathematical Concepts   Molecular Sequence Data   Oxygenases/genetics   Oxygenases/metabolism   Peas/genetics   Peas/genetics   Peas/growth & development   Peas/growth & development   Peas/metabolism   Peas/metabolism   Plant Shoots/genetics   Plant Shoots/growth & development   Plant Shoots/metabolism   Proteomics/methods   Signal Transduction/genetics  

摘要： Bud outgrowth is regulated by the interplay of multiple hormones, including auxin, cytokinin, strigolactones, and an unidentified long-distance feedback signal that moves from shoot to root. The model of bud outgrowth regulation in pea (Pisum sativum) includes these signals and a network of five RAMOSUS (RMS) genes that operate in a shoot-root-shoot loop to regulate the synthesis of, and response to, strigolactones. The number of components in this network renders the integration of new and existing hypotheses both complex and cumbersome. A hypothesis-driven computational model was therefore developed to help understand regulation of shoot branching. The model evolved in parallel with stepwise laboratory research, helping to define and test key hypotheses. The computational model was used to verify new mechanisms involved in the regulation of shoot branching by confirming that the new hypotheses captured all relevant biological data sets. Based on cytokinin and RMS1 expression analyses, this model is extended to include subtle but important differences in the function of RMS3 and RMS4 genes in the shoot and rootstock. Additionally, this research indicates that a branch-derived signal upregulates RMS1 expression independent of the other feedback signal. Furthermore, we propose xylem-sap cytokinin promotes sustained bud outgrowth, rather than acting at the earlier stage of bud release.

关键词： 篮球运动   专项弹跳能力   生理学基础  

摘要： 本文运用文献资料法,从运动生理学角度出发,对篮球专项弹跳素质的特点及篮球弹跳能力的生理学基础进行分析,在此基础上提出篮球运动专项弹跳能力的训练方法,为篮球训练工作提供理论参考。

关键词： 体育教育专业   运动生理学   实验   教学法  

摘要： 针对运动生理学实验开展现状,提出了适合体育教育专业实际的开放式教学方法。

关键词： 中长跑   运动生理学   节奏  

摘要： 从生理的角度把握人体在中长跑运动项目中机能变化的特征,结合中长跑运动的节奏性规律,从而实现锻炼中长跑运动员的节奏感。对于充分利用现代高科技科研成果,提高训练的科学化水平,完善训练理论,指导并制定长远的战略性训练计划,都有着重要价值。本文通过中长跑运动过程中生理机能的变化规律和特点,从人体在中长跑运动过程中的生理特征寻求研究的突破方向,以便实现生理学和训练学的有效结合提供理论参考。

关键词： 运动生理学   短距离自行车   训练周   优秀男运动员   生理生化监控  

摘要： 目的:了解男子自行车运动员一周训练中生化指标的变化趋势,机体对运动负荷的反映及适应规律。方法:以上海8名优秀男子短距离自行车运动员为对象,监测一周中每日晨与训练后的RT、CK、BUN和尿十项。结果:(1)周一上午场地训练后5min CK显著升高。下午力量训练课后1h CK达到高值,力量训练较场地训练CK升高显著。(2)场地训练课后5min的BUN显著升高,1h开始下降,下午力量训练课后,BUN较场地课后1h显著升高,次日晨下降。(3)本周CK从周二到周六值较周一显著性升高,下周一显著下降。BUN只有周六有显著性升高,下周一显著下降。周日Hb值较周一结果显著升高。结论:(1)本周一的力量训练与场地训练两种手段叠加作用,对肌肉的刺激较深刻,至次日晨CK仍不能恢复,Pro、BLD都有阳性检出,力量训练课较场地训练对肌肉的刺激更大。(2)本周训练负荷安排的密度不大,运动员调整和恢复的时间较充分,因而Hb有小幅度升高。(3)训练周的生化监测,可以使教练员了解小周期训练的完成质量和运动员对运动负荷的适应情况。

关键词： 高职   植物生理学   实验教学   教学改革  

摘要： 根据扬州环境资源职业技术学院植物生理学实验教学中遇到的问题,通过"三段式实验教学模式"的应用、强化实验指导、优化师生比例,注重实验结果分析,以及改革实验考核方法等措施提高实验教学质量和学生综合实验素质。

关键词： Corticosterone   Noradrenaline   Hippocampus   Basolateral amygdala   Nongenomic  

摘要： After stress, circulating levels of stress hormones such as corticosterone are markedly increased. This will have an impact on the neurophysiology of limbic neurons that highly express corticosteroid receptors. Over the past decades several principles about the neurophysiological impact of corticosterone have emerged. First, corticosterone can quickly raise the excitability of hippocampal CA1 neurons shortly after stress exposure, via a nongenomic pathway involving mineralocorticoid receptors presumably located in the pre- as well as postsynaptic membrane. At the same time, gene-mediated actions via the glucocorticoid receptor are started which some hours later will result in enhanced calcium influx and impaired ability to induce long-term potentiation. These delayed actions are interpreted as a means to slowly normalize hippocampal activity and preserve information encoded early on after stress. Second, the full spectrum of neurophysiological actions by corticosterone is accomplished in interaction with other stress mediators, like noradrenaline. Third, these effects in the CA1 hippocampal. region cannot be generalized to other brain regions such as the basolateral amygdala or paraventricular nucleus: There seems to be a highly differentiated response, which could serve to facilitate neuroendocrine/cognitive processing of some aspects of stress-related information, but attenuate other aspects. Finally, the time- and region-specific corticosteroid actions strongly depend on the individual's life history. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： 运动生理学   学科建设   交流   借鉴   干部培训中心   中国生理学会   专业委员会   专家学者  

摘要： 2009年全国运动生理学发展与学科建设研讨会于2009年10月30日至11月1日在北京体育大学召开，共有来自全国20个省区的运动生理学专家学者近100人参加了大会。10月31日上午8：30大会开幕式在北京体育大学干部培训中心二楼大会议厅准时举行，北京体育大学副校长池建教授、中国生理学会运动生理学专业委员会主任委员王瑞元教授、

关键词： 实验教学   经典实验   设计性实验   教学模式  

摘要： 设计性实验是实验教学改革的重要举措,是提高学生的实验技能、实验素质和创新能力的有效途径。在动物生理学实验教学中,适当开设经典验证性实验前提下,合理增设设计性实验,可有效提高教学质量。结合动物生理学实验教学实践,对动物生理学实验教学模式作进一步探索。