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关键词： 医学生理学实验   青年教师   教学体会  

摘要： 医学生理学实验是重要的医学专业基础课程,其对学生理解和掌握生理学理论知识,培养学生自学能力、操作能力、思维能力及创新能力至关重要。作为一名青年教师有以下几点体会:坚持听课,集体备课,做好课前准备;多渠道提高教学质量;实验过程中培养学生的职业道德。

关键词： 创设情境   合作学习   主动建构   教学实效性  

摘要： 如何将琐碎的人体解剖生理学知识高效地传授给学生,提高课堂教学时效性,是高职生物学课程教学中亟待解决的问题。为了改变以往那种教师"要我学"的课堂模式,变成"我要学"的课堂模式,笔者以脑科学理论为基础,以建构主义学习、发现学习等理论为依据,对程度相同的两个班分别采用讲授法和创设情境、合作学习的教学模式进行试验,探讨提高人体解剖生理学教学实效性的有效途径。

关键词： 治疗原则   发明专利   偏瘫   药物   缺血性脑血管病   中西医结合   河北医科大学   神经电生理学  

摘要： 本发明专利是一种治疗偏瘫的药物及其制备方法。专利证号为ZL00119343．0，它是由河北医科大学第四医院神经内科刘教授依据西医发病机理和治疗原则及祖国医学现代理论，采用微量元素与中、西药配伍，应用最新工艺和神经电生理学现代新技术研制而成的一种预防和治疗缺血性脑血管病等各种原因所致的偏瘫的中西医结合方剂。经查新资料证实，目前国内外尚无同名同成分产品，属国内外领先水平。

关键词： Cancer stem cells   Tight junction   Cell polarity   TEER (transepithelial electrical resistance)   Dilution potential   Paracellular transport   [H-3]- mannitol   Transwell filters  

摘要： Our understanding of the essential role played by cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells in epithelial cell-derived tumor types is rapidly advancing. Nevertheless, the identification and characterization of these cells pose a considerable challenge. Among changes in the epithelium in oncogenesis are changes in the permeability barrier, a phenotypic trait based on tight junction formation and function. Tight junctions regulate the movement of solutes, ions and water across the paracellular space. On a cellular level, they maintain cell polarity by limiting the lateral diffusion of membrane components. Depending on the type of epithelial tissue, the barrier characteristics with respect to electrical resistance, size and ion charge selectivity vary quite significantly. Thus, elucidating changes in expression of Claudins, an essential component of tight junctions, has become a very active area of investigation in oncogenesis. This chapter provides detailed protocols on how to quantify three aspects of tight junction physiology using in vitro cell culture systems that are particularly applicable to analysis and comparison of cancer stem cells and their normal counterparts.

关键词： Hair cell   Exocytosis   Synaptic ribbon   Hearing   Calcium   Synaptic protein   Synaptic vesicle   Pool   Ribeye   Active zone   Neurotransmission  

摘要： Hair cells mediate our senses of hearing and balance by synaptic release of glutamate from somatic active zones (AZs). They share conserved mechanisms of exocytosis with neurons and other secretory cells of diverse form and function. Concurrently. AZs of these neuro-epithelial hair cells employ several processes that differ remarkably from those of neuronal synaptic terminals of the brain. Their unique molecular anatomy enables them to better respond to small, graded changes in membrane potential and to produce unsurpassed rates of exocytosis. Here, we focus on the AZs of cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). As in other hair cells, these AZs are occupied by a cytoplasmic extension of the presynaptic density, called the synaptic ribbon: a specialized protein complex required for normal physiological function. Some proteins found at IHC synapses are uniquely expressed or enriched there, where their disruption can beget deafness in humans and in animal models. Other proteins, essential for regulation of conventional neuronal Ca2+-triggered fusion, are apparently absent from IHCs. Certain common synaptic proteins appear to have extra significance at ribbon-type AZs because of their interactions with unique molecules, their unusual concentrations, or their atypical localization and regulation. We summarize the molecular-anatomical specializations that underlie the unique synaptic physiology of hair cells. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： STEM cells   TISSUES -- Physiology   HEMATOPOIESIS   CELLULAR control mechanisms   CELLS -- Preservation   TISSUES -- Analysis  

摘要： Stem cells are the critical unit affecting tissue maintenance, regeneration, and repair, with particular relevance to the tissues with high cell turnover. Stem cell regulation accommodates the conflicting needs of prompt responsiveness to injury and long-term preservation through quiescence. They are, in essence, the fundamental unit by which a tissue handles changing physiologic needs throughout the lifetime of the organism. As such, they are the focal point of dynamic tissue function, and their governance is physiology expressed at a cellular and molecular level. Here, we discuss the multiple components representing the stem cell niche in hematopoiesis and argue for a unbiased mapping of the niche constituents under different conditions as the first step in developing systems physiology.

关键词： Insects   Peptide hormones   Protein degradation   proteases   Skeletal   cardiac muscle  

摘要： Background information Neprilysins (Neps) are membrane-bound M13 endopeptidases responsible for the activation and/or inactivation of peptide signalling events on cell surfaces. By hydrolysing their respective substrates, mammalian Neps are crucial to the metabolism of numerous bioactive peptides, especially in the nervous, immune, cardiovascular and inflammatory systems. On the basis of their involvement in essential physiological processes, proteins of the Nep family constitute putative therapeutic agents as well as targets in different diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Results We here demonstrate that overexpression of Neprilysin 4 (Nep4) in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a severe muscle degeneration phenotype. This phenotype is observed for overexpression of full-length Nep4 in somatic muscles and is accompanied by severely impaired movement of larvae and lethality in late larval development. On the contrary, down-regulation of expression caused only the latter two effects. By expressing several mutated and truncated forms of Nep4 in transgenic animals, we show that the intracellular domain is responsible for the observed phenotypes while catalytic activity of the enzyme was apparently dispensable. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified a yet uncharacterised carbohydrate kinase as a first interaction partner of the intracellular domain of Nep4. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the physiological significance of Nep4 is not limited to its function as an active peptidase but that the enzyme's intracellular N-terminus is affecting muscle integrity, independent of the protein's enzymatic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an intracellular Nep domain being involved in muscle integrity.

关键词： 生理学实验教学   计算机辅助教学   应用   CAI  

摘要： 在生理学实验教学中应用计算机辅助教学,是生理学实验教学的一个重大突破.本文结合实践,浅谈计算机辅助教学在生理学实验教学中的应用体会.计算机辅助教学是一种有效的教学辅助手段,相对传统的教学模式计算机辅助教学具有绝对的优越性,有助于学生加深理解理论知识,丰富实验内容,还提高了实验的成功率和结果的准确性,能够调动学生的学习热情、操作积极性,提高他们的综合素质.然而,计算机辅助教学在生理学实验教学中的应用也有一定的局限性.