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关键词： 有氧运动能力   心率   有氧代谢能力   最大摄氧量   运动生理学   测试方法   测量方法  

摘要： 1 概述 随着科技的进步尤其是运动生理学的不断发展,评价有氧代谢能力的方法手段也日益丰富和精确.最大摄氧量(VO2max)、无氧阈(AT)、乳酸阈临界跑速、临界游速(CV)、最大乳酸平台速度和乳酸堆积点速度等指标被用于评价有氧代谢能力,目前用于评价有氧代谢能力的最常用指标为最大摄氧量.目前,最大摄氧量已经成为耐力性项目的重要选材依据,它是反映人体有氧运动能力的重要指标,高水平的最大摄氧量是高水平有氧运动能力的基础.

关键词： 植物生理学实验   教学内容   教学方法   改革  

摘要： 针对目前植物生理学实验课教学中存在的问题，为提高教学质量，时植物生理学实验课教学内容和方法进行了改革。优化实验内容，增加综合、设计性实验；改革教学方法，采用启发讨论式教学方法，鼓励学生参与实验教学，有效利用实验等待时间，既充分调动了学生学习的积极性和主动性，培养了学生科学实验的态度，又促进了学生的实验操作技能、实践能力和创新能力等综合实验素质的提高。

关键词： 口腔   解剖   生理   教学方法  

摘要： 口腔解剖生理学是口腔医学院学生学习的第一门专业课,是所有临床课程的基础之基础,搞好口腔解剖生理学的课堂教学,是提高整个口腔课程教学效果和教学水平的关键,在口腔解生理学教学中,应强调突出高等职业教育的特色,以实际应用为指导思想,把现代教育思想和课程的具体内容相结合,转变教学模式、采用灵活多样的教学方法、加强实践技能操作等形式,创造性地开展教学,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高教学效果。

关键词： 病理生理学实验课   生理学实验教学   留学生教育   全英文授课   医学基础课   对外交流   教育事业   教学任务  

摘要： 近年来，随着我国教育事业的深入发展和对外交流的增强，留学生教育已成为高校一项重要的教学任务，是教师面临的一个崭新课题。经过多年的留学生医学基础课全英文授课，我们取得了一定的成绩，积累了很多经验，同时也发现了许多不足，笔者结合几年来病理生理学实验全英文教学的体会，在此与同行们从几个方面共同探讨，以进一步提高留学生的病理生理学实验课的教学水平。

关键词： Apis mellifera   coincidence detection   acetylcholine receptor   octopamine receptor   antennal lobe   mushroom body  

摘要： The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a model organism for the study of learning and memory formation and its underlying cellular mechanisms. The neuronal and molecular bases of olfactory associative learning have been intensively studied using the proboscis extension reflex. The neuronal pathway of the associative olfactory learning includes two main neuropils: the antennal lobes (AL) and the mushroom bodies (MB). Here, the excitatory olfactory and octopaminergic reward pathway converge together onto the AL neurons and MB intrinsic Kenyon cells (KCs). For learning-related neural plasticity to occur, the coincidence between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the reward has to be reliably detected. Therefore, this review focusses on (1) the excitatory ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and (2) the metabotropic octopamine receptor (OAR) which are located on the cell membrane in AL neurons as well as in KCs. For plasticity-dependent cellular mechanisms, we discuss the role of inhibition provided by GABAergic local interneurons in the ALs and feedback neurons in the MBs, as well as glutamatergic neurons in both neuropils. In our working model, we postulate two possible coincidence detector systems which may modulate further incoming olfactory stimuli: (1) an elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by the activation of the nAChR and OAR may result in the activation of Ca2+-dependent kinases. (2) Activation of a cAMP-dependent PKA may lead to phosphorylation of the nAChR and hence to learning-related intracellular changes.

关键词： adenosine   coronary stenosis   fractional flow reserve   revascularization  

摘要： [...]just as was done with FFR, there will be numerous clinical conditions, such as assessment of diffuse disease, serial lesions, severe left ventricular hypertrophy, and acute coronary syndromes, that will require study of the iFR behavior. FFR cannot assess individual lesions in the series without hyperemia and a distal coronary occlusion pressure, a highly impractical approach. Because it does not require hyperemia, iFR may be useful to examine individual serial lesions including those involving the left main coronary artery, a clinical scenario yet to be tested.

关键词： MicroRNA   Mesenchymal stem cell   Hematopoietic stem cell   Endothelial progenitor cell   Niche  

摘要： The adult bone marrow, situated within the bone cavity, comprises three distinct stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor/stem cells (EPCs). HSCs are a well-characterized population of self-renewing cells that give rise to all blood cells. The definition of MSCs is more complex due to the limited understanding of MSC properties. In general, MSCs are considered multipotent stromal cells that are able to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Compared to HSCs and MSCs, EPCs are a newly discovered population of stem/progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into endothelial cells, the cells forming the inner lining of a blood vessel. Although functionally different, HSCs, MSCs and EPCs, like stem cells in general, share the ability to self-renew and differentiate into one or more cell types. The homeostasis inside the bone marrow and within the entire body is sustained by an intricate network of growth factors and transcription factors that orchestrate the proliferation and differentiation of these multipotent stem/progenitor cells. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, are among the key players of this concert. This review summarizes the current insights into miRNA-mediated regulation of bone marrow stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation. Furthermore, the potential contribution of miRNAs in bone marrow stem cell niches is discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： 病理生理学   教学改革   实验教学  

摘要： 信息化教学是高等院校现代化教学工程建设的核心,而虚拟实验室是病理生理学实验信息化教学的集中体现。通过树立现代化教育观念,提高信息化知识与技能,积极开展虚拟实验研究等建立虚拟实验室的平台,才能更好地开展病理生理学的信息化教学。

关键词： 石油   生产   藻类   碳   国家实验室   美国能源部   细胞生理学   物理学家  

摘要： 据物理学家组织网近日报道，美国能源部布鲁克海文国家实验室科学家在推翻了两个惯用藻类生产石油的做法后，发现喂养微藻更多的碳可以加速其整体代谢，有助于石油增产。该研究结果发表在近期《植物和细胞生理学》杂志在线版上。该论文指出了采取新的途径可将光合绿藻转变成微小“绿色工厂”，生产作为替代燃料的原料。

关键词： 中国生理学会   技术培训班   专业委员会   膜片钳   实验   细胞   循环   电生理学  

摘要： 为推广医学电生理研究新成果和新技术手段，培养科技人才和服务社会，2011年由泸州医学院心肌电生理学研究室成功承办了第一届细胞膜片钳实验技术培训班，效果良好，反应强烈。应广大生理学、药理学和病理生理学，特别是从事电生理研究领域人员的需求，中国生理学会循环生理专业委员会决定于2012年7月8日至13日在四川I泸州医学院举办第二届“细胞膜片钳实验技术培训班”。