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关键词： calcium   phosphate   FGF23   Klotho   kidney   bone  

摘要： The metabolically active and perpetually remodeling calcium phosphate-based endoskeleton in terrestrial vertebrates sets the demands on whole-organism calcium and phosphate homeostasis that involves multiple organs in terms of mineral flux and endocrine cross talk. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-Klotho endocrine networks epitomize the complexity of systems biology, and specifically, the FGF23-alpha Klotho axis highlights the concept of the skeleton holding the master switch of homeostasis rather than a passive target organ as hitherto conceived. Other than serving as a coreceptor for FGF23, alpha Klotho circulates as an endocrine substance with a multitude of effects. This review covers recent data on the physiological regulation and function of the complex FGF23-alpha Klotho network. Chronic kidney disease is a common pathophysiological state in which FGF23-alpha Klotho, a multiorgan endocrine network, is deranged in a self-amplifying vortex resulting in organ dysfunction of the utmost severity that contributes to its morbidity and mortality.

关键词： 运动生理学   课堂理论   实验教学   改革   探索  

摘要： 运动生理学课程在提高学生运动技能、增强学生体质以及优化体育教学的教学方法和理论方面发挥着非常重要的作用,是体育专业院校的一门较为重要的课程,对学生的全面发展起着推动性的作用。因此,在各类院校中得到了重视。但由于一些体育教育专业学生的基础文化功底较为薄弱,在学习运动生理学时总是感觉力不从心,难以理解知识内容,影响了运动生理学的教学效果。基于此,运动生理学课堂理论和实验教学改革的探索就有了非常现实性的意义。

关键词： 生理学教学   人文教育   实践  

摘要： 加强人文素质教育是当代医学教育面临的重要问题。生理学是医学教育中一门重要的基础学科，在生理学教学过程中，应从理论课程和实验课两方面着手进行人文教育，将医学生理学专业教学与人文素质教育有机融合起来。

ISBN: (纸本)9787030375254

关键词： 实验教学   改革   动手能力  

摘要： 随着医学类高职院校生理学课程改革的深入,实验教学是生理学教学的一个重要组成部分,传统生理学实验教学模式已无法满足当前高职人才培养的需要,因此,改革实验教学方法、实验评价体系,充分发挥学生学习的主体作用,培养学生的学习兴趣和动手能力,是生理学实验教学改革面临的重要课题。近年来,我们对生理学实验教学进行了一系列的改革探索,收效较好。

关键词： 病理生理学   实验教学   基本操作技能   综合性创新性实验  

摘要： 在病理生理学实验教学中有一些常见的问题,为了更好地解决问题,提高实验教学质量,要求实验教师以培养学生良好的实验习惯和训练学生基本实验操作技能为教学基础,根据不同专业选择不同层次的实验内容,适当地加入综合性、创新性的实验,并克服实验课时相对不足的困难,师生配合共同高质量地完成教学任务。

关键词： 生理学   实验教学   创新能力  

摘要： 新课程改革要求培养综合素质高的创新人才,在生理学实验教学过程中,通过科学、合理的实验设计可以有效提升学生的观察能力、发现能力,进而在此基础上提升其创新能力。本文针对生理学实验教学改革过程中如何提高学生创新能力的问题进行分析,首先阐述生理学实验教学在培养学生创新能力中的重要意义,然后提出具体策略。

关键词： Animal experiments   Computer simulations   Laboratories   Physiology  

摘要： Advances in technology have led to the replacement of animal based laboratories with computer based simulations. This pedagogical approach has the advantages of being less costly in terms of time and money, more accessibility for self-study, repeatability of the intervention, ability to alter variables in isolation and needing less expert time for implementation. As medical educators we need to look beyond benefits of this intervention in terms of cost or time required for implementation and look closely at the educational impact of this change. This paper looks at the educational advantages of computer simulations on the basis of the principles of teaching and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词： 体育项目   社会主义市场经济   美育   教育科学   运动心理学   运动生物学   运动生理学   人体解剖学   运动项目   文明程度   体育事业   素质教育   生物力学   生物化学   强身健体   美的规律   孪生姐妹   艺术化   欣赏美   教育学  

摘要： 现代教育科学中,体育与美育对人们的影响与作用不可低估,它们是素质教育家族中两颗耀眼的宝石,光芒四射,令人振奋.尤其如今随着社会主义市场经济的快速发展,社会文明程度不断提高,强身健体的意识深入人心,现代体育事业迅猛发展,新兴体育项目越来越艺术化,人们不断地追求美,欣赏美,越来越渴望在锻炼中找到美、感受美,得到精神上的愉悦,得到快乐.因此体育与美育二者源渊不断,一脉相承.那么从理论上讲,二者也是密切相关,体育是一门综合性的科学,包括人体解剖学、运动生理学、运动生物学、生物化学、生物力学、运动心理学、教育学,还有一门更重要的科学——就是美学.我们可以想象,包括所有的体育运动项目若不是按照美的规律来训练,那么它只能使人身体健壮,而未必达到健美.所以体育与美育就象一对孪生姐妹,从她们诞生之时就相辅相成,密不可分.

关键词： AGGREGATION (Biology)   CRYSTALS   COLLOIDS   AMYLOID   PHENOTYPE   RECOMBINANT antibodies   CELL physiology   THERAPEUTICS  

摘要： Recombinant immunoglobulins comprise an important class of human therapeutics. Although specific immunoglobulins can be purposefully raised against desired antigen targets by various methods, identifying an immunoglobulin clone that simultaneously possesses potent therapeutic activities and desirable manufacturing-related attributes often turns out to be challenging. The variable domains of individual immunoglobulins primarily define the unique antigen specificities and binding affinities inherent to each clone. The primary sequence of the variable domains also specifies the unique physicochemical properties that modulate various aspects of individual immunoglobulin life cycle, starting from the biosynthetic steps in the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory pathway trafficking, secretion, and the fate in the extracellular space and in the endosome-lysosome system. Because of the diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin physicochemical properties, some immunoglobulin clones' intrinsic properties may manifest as intriguing cellular phenotypes, unusual solution behaviors, and serious pathologic outcomes that are of scientific and clinical importance. To gain renewed insights into identifying manufacturable therapeutic antibodies, this paper catalogs important intracellular and extracellular phenotypes induced by various subsets of immunoglobulin clones occupying different niches of diverse physicochemical repertoire space. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that make certain immunoglobulin clones desirable or undesirable for large-scale manufacturing and therapeutic use are summarized. © 2013 Haruki Hasegawa.