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关键词： 病理生理学   临床医学   基础医学   疾病发生机制  

摘要： 病理生理学是沟通基础和临床医学的桥梁课程，学科综合性强，知识的广度、深度和跨度大。实验教学是病理生理学教学的重要组成部分，然而传统的教学观念仅将其定位为理论教学的辅助工具，教学模式单一，不利于学生临床思维和自主性的培养。因此，我们积极研究和改革教学方法，结合我校的教学实际，选取右心衰和肝功能不全2个实验进行案例式教学，并结合动手操作进行理论验证；对其余实验则采取传统实验授课结合临床小问题讨论的形式。这样既能保证正常的教学内容和质量，又能充分体现案例教学紧密结合临床的特点。在案例式教学中，我们以科学、典型、完整、规范为原则，并兼顾知识内容的覆盖面和讨论负荷量的大小，精心选择临床病例并设计问题。学生6—8人一组，课前1周布置讨论的病例和问题以便预习。实验课中，教师简单讲解后让学生带着问题进行实验。操作完成后，学生以小组为单位进行汇报讨论，回答问题并展开辩论。最终由教师对当次教学做出评价和总结。成绩考核以课堂评价、实验操作和实验设计相结合，通过主观评价和客观考核、定性和定量相结合的一个评估体系，科学判断学习的实际效果，与课程的学习形成良性循环，为以后学习临床课程打下坚实的基础。

关键词： 实验教学麻醉生理学创新能力   教学改革  

摘要： 麻醉生理学是临床麻醉学专业的重要基础课程，其内容既有生理学的基本知识，又穿插了麻醉药理、临床麻醉等专业课程的知识。所以单纯依靠理论教学很难使学生对所学知识的融会贯通，不利于学生临床创新能力的培养，影响了学生对后续专业课程的理解和掌握。而实验教学是高等医学教育中不可缺少的一部分，是培养合格应用型、复合型高素质人才的重要方法之一。和理论教学比较，实验教学更具直观性、实践性、综合性，对培养学生临床创新思维与实践能力有着重要的、不可替代的作用…。所以如何通过麻醉生理学实验教学改革，培养出具有集扎实理论基础知识、较强实际问题解决能力和临床创新能力于一身的复合型的麻醉专科医师，是广大医学教育工作者不断探索和追求的目标。

关键词： 摄食行为   吸吮行为   按摩   婴儿,早产   营养生理学  

摘要： 目的观察非营养性吸吮(NNS)及按摩改善早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效。方法随机抽取早产患儿77例分成实验组和对照组,实验组39例,对照组38例。两组患儿在胎龄、出生体质量、日龄、性别及出生时窒息情况等方面进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组在常规治疗基础上给予NNS及按摩,对照组仅给予常规治疗,观察患儿喂养不耐受症状消失的时间、每天奶量的增加情况、每天体质量的增长情况以及达到全量肠内营养的时间。结果实验组患儿喂养不耐受症状消失的时间及达到全量肠内营养的时间明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实验组患儿平均每天奶量的增加明显多于对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组患儿平均每天体质量的增长速度相当,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 NNS及按摩能改善早产儿喂养不耐受。

关键词： B cell   cancer   proliferation   migration   potassium channels  

摘要： Kv, which play a role in the immune system, are remodeled during carcinogenesis. Leukocytes present a limited Kv repertoire, with Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 as isoforms that are involved in neoplastic processes, such as proliferation and migration. In this study, we identified Kv1.5 in B-lymphocytes, characterized its role in proliferation and migration, and analyzed Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 expression in human non-Hodgkin lymphomas. DLBCL, F, MCL, ALCL, and T, along with control N specimens, were analyzed. Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 were found to be remodeled differentially;whereas Kv1.3 expression did not correlate with the state of dedifferentiation or the nature of lymphomatous cells, Kv1.5 abundance correlated inversely with clinical aggressiveness. Whereas indolent F expressed noticeable levels of Kv1.5, aggressive DLBCL showed low Kv1.5 levels. In addition, control LNs expressed heterogeneous high levels of Kv1.3, which could indicate some reactivity, whereas Kv1.5 abundance was low and quite homogeneous. Our data show that Kv1.5 is a determinant of human B cell proliferation and migration, thereby identifying this channel as a new target for immunomodulation. Our work also provides new insights into the use of Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 as potential targets during tumorigenesis.

关键词： Joseph Lister   histology and physiology   inflammation   innervation of bowel   sympathetic nerves   anti-vivisectionists  

摘要： Joseph Lister (1827-1912) acquired a lifelong interest in histology and experimental physiology while a student at University College London between 1848 and 1852. His first two publications in 1853 were histological studies of the contractile tissue of the iris and the skin. Studies of inflammation in 1855 progressed to experiments on the nervous control of arteries, using techniques of peripheral nerve division, spinal cord section and needle stimulation of the brain. This interest in nervous mechanisms led to innovative experiments on gut motility and the autonomic nervous system, from which he inferred that sympathetic nerve control was mediated via intrinsic neuronal plexuses in the gut wall, a mode of action confirmed 100 years later, in 1964-65. It is not generally known that Lister was elected FRS for this early experimental work and that his early commitment to experimental science and microscopy was the background to his later work on the development of surgical antisepsis.

关键词： 参与式教学法   运动生理学   教学   应用研究  

摘要： 运动生理学属于应用科学与基础科学交叉的学科,是体育教育专业的一门基础性课程,既服务于运动实践,同时,又能够全面反映人体机能处于运动状态时的变化规律。因此,运动生理学非常重要。但由于课程教学内容较为繁杂且抽象,术语、名词、概念等繁多,理论性较强,学生在学习过程中出现了畏难心理,普遍反映难以学习。本文在此背景下研究参与式教学法在运动生理学教学中的应用。

关键词： ecophysiology   teleost fish   stress   reproduction   metabolism   climate change   hypoxia  

摘要： The often pragmatic division of studies of function (physiology), and the regulation of distribution and abundance of organisms (ecology), as laboratory and field studies respectively, can create an unhelpful intellectual division that runs the risk of ignoring the interaction of physiology, behaviour and environment that regulates the lives of animals in the wild. This review examines the historical and current contribution of ecophysiological research conducted from the University of Auckland's Leigh Laboratory in bridging these paradigms, and generating new insights into animal function and community organisation. The assessment focuses on endocrine control processes, and metabolic and behavioural responses of fish to artificial and natural stressors, and examines tracks of future research needed to underpin understanding of likely effects of predicted environmental change on individuals and populations.

关键词： 模仿能力   学习动作   体育运动   才能培养   心理学研究   运动生理学   小学生   技术技能  

摘要： 体育课是小学生喜爱的一门学科，学生能在体育运动中得到运动、健康、观赏、合作等方面的乐趣。体育教学中模仿是引导学生掌握正确运动技术技能的重要方法，教和学的双方如果能恰当地运用模仿，就能有效地提高教学效果。要达到较为理想的模仿效果，首先要培养学生的观察能力。观察和模仿是人类学习动作的基本方法。运动生理学和体育心理学研究认为：人通过眼睛观察到的运动在大脑里形成表象，表象信息再通过视觉神经传递到大脑中枢，形成对这个动作的“印象”，这个过程叫“观察”，大脑的运动中枢根据观察获得的“印象”，指挥骨骼肌按照“印象”去运动，这一过程叫“模仿”。如何才能培养和发展学生的观察和模仿能力呢？