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关键词： 运动康复   运动处方   体力活动   运动锻炼  

摘要： 适当的体力活动和运动在提高健康水平和体质,防治疾病及康复治疗中有着不容置疑的重要作用。但从循证实践的理念对体力活动和运动在防治疾病中的作用和效果作出科学的判断并付诸实施仅在最近几十年中才得到运动科学、公共卫生和医学界的重视。本文旨在对近年来提出的"运动是良医"的理念和模式,及国外临床运动生理治疗师在卫生保健系统中的职能和有关专业人员的培训模式做个介绍。

关键词： Wnt   Co-activator   CBP   p300   Somatic stem cells   Cancer   CSC/TIC   Mode of division   Differentiation and proliferation   EMT  

摘要： Wnt signaling plays an important role in development and disease. In this review we focus on the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in somatic stem cell biology and its critical role in tissue homeostasis. We present current knowledge how Wnt/beta-catenin signaling affects tissue stem cell behavior in various organ systems, including the gut, mammary gland, the hematopoietic and nervous system. We discuss evidence that canonical Wnt signaling can both maintain potency and an undifferentiated state as well as cause differentiation in somatic stem cells, depending on the cellular and environmental context. Based on studies by our lab and others, we will attempt to explain the dichotomous behavior of this signaling pathway in determining cell fate decisions and put special emphasis on the interaction of beta-catenin with two highly homologous co-activator proteins, CBP and p300, to shed light on the their differential role in the outcome of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Furthermore, we review current knowledge regarding the aberrant regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in cancer biology, particularly its pivotal role in the context of cancer stem cells. Finally, we discuss data demonstrating that small molecule modulators of the beta-catenin/co-activator interaction can be used to shift the balance between undifferentiated proliferation and differentiation, which potentially presents a promising therapeutic approach to stem cell based disease mechanisms.

关键词： unconventional secretion   nutrient recycling   translational machinery  

摘要： Specific localization of appropriate sets of proteins and lipids is central to functions and integrity of organelles, which in turn underlie cellular activities of eukaryotes. Vesicle trafficking is a conserved mechanism of intracellular transport, which ensures such a specific localization to a subset of organelles. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how vesicle trafficking and related organelles support physiology and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. Examples include a link between Golgi organization and polarity maintenance during hyphal tip growth, a new role of early endosomes in transport of translational machinery, involvement of endosomal/vacuolar compartments in secondary metabolite synthesis, and functions of vacuoles and autophagy in fungal development, nutrient recycling and allocation. Accumulating evidence showing the importance of unconventional secretion in fungal pathogenicity is also summarized.

关键词： Odontoblast   Primary dentin   Reactionary dentin   Innate immune response   Nociception  

摘要： Odontoblasts are post-mitotic cells organized as a layer of palisade cells along the interface between the dental pulp and dentin. They are responsible for the formation of the physiological primary and secondary dentins. They synthesize the organic matrix of type I collagen and actively participate to its mineralization by secreting proteoglycans and non-collagenous proteins that are implicated in the nucleation and the control of the growth of the mineral phase. They also participate to the maintenance of this hard tissue throughout the life of the tooth by synthesizing reactionary dentin in response to pathological conditions (caries, attrition, erosion...). Besides these fundamental dentinogenic activities, odontoblasts were recently suspected to play a role as sensor cells. They are able to sense the bacteria invasion during caries and then to initiate the pulp immune and inflammatory response. They are also well equipped in ion channels implicated in mechanotransduction or nociception which make odontoblasts suitable candidates to sense external stimuli and to mediate tooth pain sensation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 能力   生理学   教育   自我学习  

摘要： 教育和教学对个人能力的发展起主导作用,医学生的能力培养成为今后生理学教学的关键。通过认识医学生能力与核心能力的基本范畴,以及能力培养在生理教学中的重要性和必要性,了解医学生理学教学的现状,洞察生理学教学中学生能力培养实现的关键出发点,从而实现生理学教学的有效提升。

关键词： 学生实际情况   直观教学   教材特点   体育教学   动作技术   技术示范   滑步移动   支撑跳跃   推铅球   运动生理学  

摘要： 动作技术的示范是体育教学中最常用最主要的一种直观教学方法,是体育教师所必备的一种基本功。直接影响教育教学的质量。根据十几年的教学实践,笔者认为教师在教学示范时应注意以下几点：

关键词： 双主互动   生理学   实验教学   视频教学  

摘要： 为探讨双主互动教学模式在生理学实验教学中的应用效果,选择在校2011级临床专业本科生121人分为2组,其中对照组61人采用传统"以教师为中心"的教学模式,实验组60人采用以学生为主体,教师为主导的"双主互动"教学模式,通过实验报告、实验考试和问卷调查比较2种教学模式对生理学实验教学的影响。结果显示,实验组学生报告书写认真,规范、实验结果理想、实验分析充分合理。实验组学生实验报告、实验操作考试和实验理论考试平均成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组学生对"双主互动"教学模式的满意率为91.7%。总之,双主互动教学模式能增进师生交流,有效提高学生对生理学实验学习的兴趣、学习积极性和学习成绩。

关键词： 口腔解刚生理学   教学方法   创新  

摘要： 口腔解剖生理学是一门应用性很强的课程，也是口腔专业教学的重要的前期基础课程，但是这门课程的概念比较抽象，课程内容相对比较枯燥，理解和学习起来难度比较大，妾现口腔解剖生理学教学方法的创新是课程发展的必然要求。本文根据现有的研究资料，结合自身在口腔解剖学教学中的一些经验，就课程教学方法的创新提出了一些浅薄之见，以期能够对教师提供一些帮助。

关键词： 生理学   医学生   学习   体会  

摘要： 生理学是一门重要的医学基础学科,是联系基础医学与临床医学的桥梁课程,在坚持传统的三段学习法基础之上,再通过实验训练,利用多媒体及网络资源等现代信息载体。