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关键词： BACILLUS licheniformis   SALT lakes   SUPEROXIDES   VITAMIN C   GLUTATHIONE   NUCLEIC acids  

摘要： Bacillus licheniformis strain SSA 61, originally isolated from Sambhar salt lake, was observed to grow even in the presence of 25 % salt stress. Osmoadaptive mechanisms of this halotolerant B. licheniformis strain SSA 61, for long-term survival and growth under salt stress, were determined. Proline was the preferentially accumulated compatible osmolyte. There was also increased accumulation of antioxidants ascorbic acid and glutathione. Among the different antioxidative enzymes assayed, superoxide dismutase played the most crucial role in defense against salt-induced stress in the organism. Adaptation to stress by the organism involved modulation of cellular physiology at various levels. There was enhanced expression of known proteins playing essential roles in stress adaptation, such as chaperones DnaK and GroEL, and general stress protein YfkM and polynucleotide phosphorylase/polyadenylase. Proteins involved in amino acid biosynthetic pathway, ribosome structure, and peptide elongation were also overexpressed. Salt stress-induced modulation of expression of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism was observed. There was up-regulation of a number of enzymes involved in generation of NADH and NADPH, indicating increased cellular demand for both energy and reducing power.

关键词： MITOCHONDRIA   CANCER   ORGANISMS   NEURODEGENERATION   BIOENERGETICS  

摘要： In this article, the author comments that mitochondria should be studied as part of the entire organism to understand its role in diseases. It states that the mitochondrial functions are involved in causing cancer and neurodegenerative diseases making it necessary to study its function at a broader perspective of the organism. It mentions that mitochondrial physiology is a link between bioenergetics and physiology which would be helpful in the interdisciplinary research.

关键词： body condition   ecophysiology   glucocorticoids   immune function   stress  

摘要： Conspecific density is widely recognized as an important ecological factor across the animal kingdom;however, the physiological impacts are less thoroughly described. In fact, population density is rarely mentioned as a factor in physiological studies on captive animals and, when it is infrequently addressed, the animals used are reared and housed at densities far above those in nature, making the translation of results from the laboratory to natural systems difficult. We survey the literature to highlight this important ecophysiological gap and bring attention to the possibility that conspecific density prior to experimentation may be a critical factor influencing results. Across three taxa: mammals, birds, and fish, we present evidence from ecology that density influences glucocorticoid levels, immune function, and body condition with the intention of stimulating discussion and increasing consideration of population density in physiology studies. We conclude with several directives to improve the applicability of insights gained in the laboratory to organisms in the natural environment.

关键词： ERYTHROCYTES   HEMOLYSIS & hemolysins  

摘要： A reply to a letter to the editor is presented in response to an article which suggests hemolysis is a primary and physiologically relevant ATP release mechanism in human erythrocytes.

关键词： 微格教学   病理生理学   实验教学  

摘要： 目的：探讨微格教学法在病理生理学实验教学中的应用。方法将广西中医药大学2012级中西医结合专业120名学生随机分为实验组和对照组，各60名学生。实验组采用微格教学法：将学生分成若干小组，对各小组进行10~15 min的微格教学，并摄录学生技能训练过程的实况；其次小组成员在教师引导下反复观看实况录像，并与规范操作录像作对比，让学生直观地反馈自身操作细节的不足；然后再针对之前实况录像中的不足反复进行技能训练；最后由教师进行评议、总结；对照组以传统教学法为主进行实验授课。结果实验组学生操作考试成绩平均分为（83.7±6.8），对照组平均分为（76.1±7.2），实验组成绩优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。实验教学满意度调查显示，91.7%的学生对微格教学方式表示满意，实验组教学满意度高于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.03）。结论将微格教学法引入到病理生理学实验教学中，能够增强学生的实验操作能力，激发练习的主动性和积极性，提高了病理生理学实验教学质量，值得应用、推广。

关键词： 强身健体   派出所   运动生理学   民警   锻炼效果   耐力训练   健身法   事半功倍  

摘要： 美国运动医学会《健康与健身杂志》刊出由多位科学家共同设计的“7分钟健身法”。它包括的12项锻炼，只需要利用一把椅子、一面墙，并抽出7分钟的时间就可以完成，其锻炼效果堪比长跑和举重训练。美国的运动生理学专家克里斯·乔丹博士表示，高强度的间歇式锻炼可以达到长时间耐力训练的效果，还可以节省很多时间，使健身事半功倍。

关键词： 逆向问题教学法   生理学   实验教学  

摘要： 为提高生理学实验教学质量,将逆向问题教学法引入生理学实验教学中。在本校2013-2014学年生理学实验课中随机挑选4个实验班级(107人)作为研究对象,另有4个班(108人)采取传统教学模式作为对照。综合学生反馈和问卷调查结果对逆向问题教学效果进行评价,结果实验组的107名学生中有71.96%(77人)的学生赞同该教学法,认为逆向问题教学法能激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生动手能力和实验教学质量。实践表明逆向问题教学法是一种有效的、可行的教学方法,如正确加以应用,可以提高实验教学质量。

关键词： 口腔解剖生理学   实践教学   教学改革   教学建设  

摘要： 口腔解剖生理学是高职院校口腔医学技术专业的必修课程,学好本门课程对毕业后的工作有重要指导意义。如何在较短的时间内中让学生学到最有价值的实践技能技巧知识呢?笔者通过多年教学工作的经验积累,在分析口腔医学技术专业口腔解剖生理学教学现状的基础上,本文仅从创新教学模式,运用多种教学方法与现代教学手段等方面提出相关建议;教学中以校内实训课堂为主场,解决教学中的重点与难点,辅以知识讲授课堂解决学生必备的职业理论知识。以竞赛课堂为延伸,培养学生扎实的职业技能和良好的职业素质,不断提高口腔解剖生理学实践教学的教学质量。

关键词： 医学生理学   课程设计   课程融合   教学改革  

摘要： 相近学科的课程融合是医学院校在教学改革中面临的一项重要内容,首都医科大学生理学与病理生理学在师资及科研融合的基础上,开展了生理学与病理生理学课程的实质融合。通过调研及专家论证,将生理学与病理生理学的融合课程定名为医学生理学,在确定了新的教学大纲后,编写了相应的教材并制定了教学实施规划。

关键词： 诱发电位监测   体感诱发电位   运动诱发电位   手术中   脊髓   脊柱   正电子发射计算机断层显像   神经电生理学  

摘要： 术中神经电生理学监测技术（INM）在实验和临床工作中得到广泛的应用和发展.理想的INM能在不可逆损害出现前检测到预兆性变化,也能确定术中发生的病理变化性质,这是外源性诱发电位的专长.其他技术如正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET）技术、MRI技术均难以做到.近年来,神经电生理学方面的研究取得了很大的进展,同时也为脊柱脊髓INM提供了准确、及时、安全、方便并且相对客观的指标.笔者对体感诱发电位（SEP）和运动诱发电位（MEP）在脊柱脊髓手术中应用的研究动态及前景作一综述.