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关键词： 医学   生理学实验   逆向问题教学法   学习效果  

摘要： 选取洛阳职业技术学院2016年1月-2017年1月200名在校学生作为研究对象,采用双盲法将对象分组。观察组采用逆向问题教学法,对照组采用常规教学法,以对比两组学生的学习效果。研究发现观察组学生的理论成绩、实践操作能力评分、思考能力评分、解决问题能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组调查问卷结果显示,各项实践教学评价明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。高校医学生理学实验教学非常重要,逆向问题教学法应用于生理学实验教学,可以有效提高学生的学习效果,且教学评价较高,值得在生理学实验教学中广泛推广。

关键词： Alternanthera philoxeroides   Generalist and specialist herbivores   Herbivore type   Maternal effect   Nitrogen   Non-structural carbohydrates  

摘要： The ability to tolerate novel herbivores is widely considered to influence plant invasion success. For clonal plants that have reduced capacity to evolve in response to novel herbivores, legacy effects of herbivory on parental plants might be translated to offspring ramets, resulting in pre-adaptation to tolerate herbivory for new vegetative growth. Using the invasive clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides, we first exposed plants to herbivory by Planococcus minor, a widespread and generalist piercing-sucking insect. Herbivory decreased above- and below-ground plant biomass by approximately 50% with a concomitant 134% increase in root N concentration but no changes in concentrations of soluble sugars, starch or non-structural carbohydrates related to herbivory tolerance. Offspring ramets were then exposed to herbivory by three different herbivore species: (1) P. minor, (2) the specialist leaf-beetle Agasicles hygrophila, and (3) the stenophagous tortoise-beetle Cassida piperata. There was no evidence of interactive effects between herbivory on parental plants and herbivory on offspring plants on growth, biomass allocation patterns, or physiological responses, suggesting that pre-adaptation to herbivory did not occur in A. philoxeroides with these herbivores. There were, however, species-specific herbivore tolerance responses. In the offspring generation, herbivory by A. hygrophila strongly suppressed growth and biomass allocation, but patterns were generally weaker for other herbivores. Tolerance effects could be explained by stimulatory effects of grazing by C. piperata and P. minor on taproot biomass along with idiosyncratic increases of starch and non-structural carbohydrate concentration in some storage organs. Our results highlight the importance of A. hygrophila in controlling the aboveground spread of A. philoxeroides. However, herbivory by other species was largely tolerated and accompanied by increased allocation to underground storage organs and altered

关键词： Dinophysis   ecophysiology   light   PAM   pigments   toxins  

摘要： Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are the most persistent producers of lipophilic shellfish toxins in Western Europe. Their mixotrophic nutrition requires a food chain of cryptophytes and plastid-bearing ciliates for sustained growth and photosynthesis. In this study, cultures of D. acuminata and D. acuta, their ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum and the cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia, were subject to three experimental settings to study their physiological response to different combinations of light intensity and quality. Growth rates, pigment analyses (HPLC), photosynthetic parameters (PAM-fluorometry), and cellular toxin content (LC-MS) were determined. Specific differences in photosynthetic parameters were observed in Dinophysis exposed to different photon fluxes (10-650 mu mol photons center dot m(-2) center dot s(-1)), light quality (white, blue and green), and shifts in light regime. Dinophysis acuta was more susceptible to photodamage under high light intensities (370-650 mu mol photons center dot m(-2) center dot s(-1)) than D. acuminata but survived better with low light (10 mu mol photons center dot m(-2) center dot s(-1)) and to a prolonged period (28 d) of darkness. Mesodinium rubrum and T. amphioxeia showed their maximal growth rate and yield under white and high light whereas Dinophysis seemed better adapted to grow under green and blue light. Toxin analyses in Dinophysis showed maximal toxin per cell under high light after prey depletion at the late exponential-plateau phase. Changes observed in photosynthetic light curves of D. acuminata cultures after shifting light conditions from low intensity-blue light to high intensity-white light seemed compatible with photoacclimation in this species. Results obtained here are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal distributions observed in field populations of D. acuminata and D. acuta in northwestern Iberia.

关键词： Swine model   Cerebral edema   Intracranial pressure   Brain tissue oxygen tension   Intracranial compliance   ICP dose  

摘要： Cerebral edema leading to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is a fundamental concern after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and severe acute hyponatremia. We describe a swine model of water intoxication and its cerebral histological and physiological sequela. We studied female swine weighing 35-45 kg. Four serum sodium intervals were designated: baseline, mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia attained by infusing hypotonic saline. Intracranial fluid injections were performed to assess intracranial compliance. At baseline and following water intoxication wedge biopsy was obtained for pathological examination and electron microscopy. We studied 8 swine and found an increase in ICP that was strongly related to the decrease in serum sodium level. Mean ICP rose from a baseline of 6 +/- 2 to 28 +/- 6 mm Hg during severe hyponatremia, while cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) decreased from 72 +/- 10 to 46 +/- 11 mm Hg. Brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO(2)) decreased from 18.4 +/- 8.9 to 5.3 +/- 3.0 mm Hg. Electron microscopy demonstrated intracellular edema and astrocytic foot process swelling following water intoxication. With severe hyponatremia, 2 cc intracranial fluid injection resulted in progressively greater ICP dose, indicating a worsening intracranial compliance. Our model leads to graded and sustained elevation of ICP, lower CPP, and decreased PbtO(2), all of which cross clinically relevant thresholds. Intracranial compliance worsens with increased cerebral swelling. This model may serve as a platform to study which therapeutic interventions best improve the cerebral physiological profile in the face of severe brain edema. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nitrogen mustard   Ovary   Oocyte   Chemotherapy   Oxidative stress   Mitochondria   Mitophagy  

摘要： Nitrogen mustard (NM) is an alkylating chemical warfare agent, and its derivatives are used in chemotherapy. Alkylating agents can cause mitochondrial damage, so exposed females may transmit damaged genomes to their children, since mitochondria are maternally inherited and oocytes are not thought to undergo mitophagy (Boudoures et al. [1]). The objective of this study is to investigate NM's effects on oocyte mitochondria to understand risks facing female soldiers, cancer patients, and their children. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with NM, monitored for reproductive outcomes, and ovaries and oocytes were isolated for analysis. Escalating doses of NM increased oxidative stress in parental and F1 generation oocytes, suggesting that mitochondrial damage by NM is enhanced by mitochondrial superoxide. NM-treated ovaries in vitro exhibited smaller mitochondrial volume, more electron-dense and multivesicular structures, and lower birth weight litters. These results demonstrate that females must be protected from alkylating agents for their health, and the health of their offspring.

关键词： 翻转课堂   教学模式   运动生理学   应用  

摘要： 本文在研究中以翻转课堂教学模式为核心,分析翻转课堂教学模式的内涵,设计运动生理学实验教学方案,提出翻转课堂教学模式在运动生理学实验教学中的应用,提高教学水平,并为相关研究人员提供一定的借鉴和帮助。

关键词： 运动生理学   研究性教学   课程教学  

摘要： 近年来,研究性教学作为一种培养创新性的重要途径之一,深受学者们的喜爱,也陆续的成为了研究热点。本研究主要通过文献资料法,专家访谈法等方法,主要目的是为了将研究性教学模式应用到《运动生理学》课程教学中,为了更好的提高高等体育院校的运动生理学课程的教学水平,优化其教学质量,并对运动生理学研究性教学内容进行构建与实践。

关键词： 玉米种质   生物技术   花青素   中国农科院   中国农业科学院   植物科学   双向启动子   细胞生理学  

摘要： 近日,中国农业科学院生物技术研究所作物代谢调控与营养强化创新团队在高花青素玉米种质创制方面取得新进展,创制了高花青素紫玉米种质,该工作是双向启动子研究和紫胚种质创制工作的延伸,为花青素的功能性食品制造和着色剂生产拓宽新资源.相关成果发表在植物科学类杂志《植物与细胞生理学（Plant ＆ CellPhysiology）》.

关键词： 微课   运动生理学实验   实验教学  

摘要： 探讨微课在运动生理学中的应用。选择2017级体育专业学生98人作为研究对象,分为实验组与对照组,对照组采用传统实验教学方法,实验组在传统实验教学基础上引入微课教学方法。比较教学效果与教学满意度。观察组考核成绩、课堂教学评价、学生课堂教学满意度,显著高于对照组,有显著性差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在运动生理学实验教学中,引入微课教学,能提高运动生理学实验教学的效果与质量,提高教学满意度,值得在实践中进一步应用。

关键词： 中学体育教学   运动负荷   运动生理学   科学   体育锻炼   中学体育课   结构适应性   教学效果  

摘要： 在中学体育教学中,只有保持适宜的运动负荷,才可以收获良好的教学效果。因此,在中学体育课教学设计中,教师需要对学生各项训练的数量及时间进行较为具体的预估,并转变当前部分体育运动负荷偏小、学生无法获得有效锻炼的现状。―、体育运动负荷的生理学原理概述运动生理学认为:“人体在体育锻炼的过程中,会受到运动 负荷的不断刺激影响,在此条件下,机体的功能会发生结构适应性变化。”