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摘要： 《癫痫与神经电生理学杂志》是由中华医学会神经病学分会脑电图与癫痫学组和贵州医科大学主办.贵州医科大学附属医院承办的一份专业学术期刊.是学组的机关刊物.也是目前我国癫痫及临床神经电生理专业唯一经批准国内外公开发行的学术期刊。欢迎广大读者踊跃投稿。

关键词： 电生理学   肌电诱发电位   学会理事   新进展   学术研讨会   通知   发展和提高   河北省  

摘要： 为了总结近年来我国电生理学事业取得的新成就和推进我国电生理学事业的进一步发展和提高,拟定于2019年7月上旬召开全国神经电生理学、心脏电生理学及肌电诱发电位学新进展暨《现代电生理学杂志》编委和河北省电生理学会理事学术研讨会,具体事宜通知如下。

关键词： ash dieback   biotrophy   cell wall penetration   cytology   lesion formation   necrotrophy  

摘要： The progress of colonization of ash stems from ascospore inocula of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was examined by light and electron microscopy. The main aim of the study was to characterize the cytology of the biotroph to necrotroph transition during lesion formation. Following direct penetration into epidermal cells, the fungus produced intracellular hyphae that invaded up to five cells before plant cells died. A lack of close attachment between the hyphal cell wall and plant cell membrane was revealed by plasmolysis of epidermal cells. Plant cells died at the centre of the infection but hyphae at the edge were typically found in living plant cells even around large lesions. During biotrophic invasion, the cytoplasm of penetrated plant cells showed very little response despite the plant cell membrane being in direct contact with the fungal cell wall. Before plant cell death, dark staining of the cytoplasm and proliferation of small vesicles was noted, but organelles retained normal ultrastructure. Dead plant cells contained dark brown, osmiophilic droplets. Penetration between epidermal or collenchyma cells was usually targeted to shared pits and involved constriction of hyphae. The transition to necrotrophy was not associated with a clear change in hyphal morphology. Biotrophic intracellular hyphae contained dense cytoplasm but hyphae in dead plant cells were more vacuolated. Remarkably little plant cell wall degradation was observed despite the fungus penetrating up to 18 cells deep into stem tissue. Features of the development of the ash dieback fungus are compared with other hemibiotrophic pathogens.

关键词： Antidepressant   Mesenchymal stem cells   Fluoxetine   Duloxetine  

摘要： It is known that users of psychotropic drugs often have weight gain, adverse effects on bone mineral density and osteoporosis, but the molecular basis for these side effects is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects in vitro of duloxetine (a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) and fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) on the physiology of human adult stem cells. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and characterized investigating phenotype morphology, expression and frequency of surface markers. Then, a non-toxic concentration of duloxetine and fluoxetine was selected to treat cells during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. Stemness properties and the differentiation potential of drug-treated cells were investigated by the quantification of adipogenic and osteogenic markers gene expression and histological staining. The collected data showed that the administration of a daily non-toxic dose of duloxetine and fluoxetine has not directly influenced ADSCs proliferation and their stemness properties. The treatment with duloxetine or fluoxetine did not lead to morphological alterations during adipogenic or osteogenic commitment. However, treatments with the antidepressant showed a slight difference in adipogenic gene expression timing. Furthermore, duloxetine treatment caused an advance in gene expression of early and late osteogenic markers. Fluoxetine instead caused an increase in expression of osteogenic genes compared to untreated cells. In contrast, in pre-differentiated cells, the daily treatment with duloxetine or fluoxetine did not alter the expression profile of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, a non-toxic concentration of duloxetine and fluoxetine does not alter the stemness properties of ADSCs and does not prevent the commitment of pre-differentiated ADSCs in adipocytes or osteocyte. Probably, the weight gain and osteoporotic effects associated with the use o

关键词： cancer   cell trafficking   inflammation   signal   transduction   transcription factors  

摘要： Two types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and ectosomes, are generated and released by all cells, including immune cells. The two EVs appear different in many properties: size, mechanism and site of assembly, composition of their membranes and luminal cargoes, sites and processes of release. In functional terms, however, these differences are minor. Moreover, their binding to and effects on target cells appear similar, thus the two types are considered distinct only in a few cases, otherwise they are presented together as EVs. The EV physiology of the various immune cells differs as expected from their differential properties. Some properties, however, are common: EV release, taking place already at rest, is greatly increased upon cell stimulation;extracellular navigation occurs adjacent and at distance from the releasing cells;binding to and uptake by target cells are specific. EVs received from other immune or distinct cells govern many functions in target cells. Immune diseases in which EVs play multiple, often opposite (aggression and protection) effects, are numerous;inflammatory diseases;pathologies of various tissues;and brain diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. EVs also have effects on interactive immune and cancer cells. These effects are often distinct, promoting cytotoxicity or proliferation, the latter together with metastasis and angiogenesis. Diagnoses depend on the identification of EV biomarkers;therapies on various mechanisms such as (1) removal of aggression-inducing EVs;(2) EV manipulations specific for single targets, with insertion of surface peptides or luminal miRNAs;and (3) removal or re-expression of molecules from target cells.

关键词： active learning   civics   critical thinking   diversity   higher education  

摘要： To better prepare physiology students for 21st century careers, we incorporated classroom-based undergraduate research experiences and service learning/community-engaged learning (SLCE) into a college-level physiology laboratory course. The interventions were incorporated over 4 yr and assessed using validated surveys of student-reported learning gains related to attitudes toward science, the scientific process, and career paths. Students reported the greatest learning gains in those years when students did novel research oriented around a common theme of water quality. The gains were greater than those of a matched cohort that participated in an apprentice-style summer undergraduate research experience. With respect to the SLCE related to youth science literacy, students provided evidence of learning related to academics, personal growth, and civic mindedness. For example, many expressed discomfort about being in a new situation, often describing the differences between themselves and the youth with whom they interacted. However, students also grew in confidence about collaborating with people who were different from them and in their role as the "scientist." Limitations of the study include the quasi-experimental design and the incorporation of multiple interventions at the same time. Future studies should examine improvement in content acquisition and competency-based learning skills. Nonetheless, these results suggest that both novel research and SLCE increase student learning in the context of an undergraduate physiology laboratory course. Many of the learning gains observed with the SLCE are particularly important for physiology students, many of whom aspire to careers in health sciences, where they will be regularly working with nonscientists.

摘要： Phagocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that plays a key role in both host defence and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. A range of surface receptors expressed on different cell types allow discriminating between self and non-self (or altered) material, thus enabling phagocytosis of pathogens and apoptotic cells. The phagocytosis process can be divided into four main steps: 1) binding of the phagocyte to the target particle, 2) particle internalization and phagosome formation, through remodelling of the plasma membrane, 3) phagosome maturation, and 4) particle destruction in the phagolysosome. In this review, we describe our present knowledge on phagocytosis in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, assessing each of the key steps involved in engulfment of both apoptotic cells and bacteria. We also assess the physiological role of phagocytosis in host defence, development and tissue homeostasis.

关键词： Animal physiology   Transcriptomics  

摘要： In the symbiosis of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris with Burkholderia insecticola, the bacteria occupy an exclusive niche in the insect midgut and favor insect development and reproduction. In order to understand how the symbiotic bacteria stably colonize the midgut crypts and which services they provide to the host, we compared the cytology, physiology, and transcriptomics of free-living and midgut-colonizing B. insecticola. The analyses revealed that midgut-colonizing bacteria were smaller in size and had lower DNA content, they had increased stress sensitivity, lost motility, and an altered cell surface. Transcriptomics revealed what kinds of nutrients are provided by the bean bug to the Burkholderia symbiont. Transporters and metabolic pathways of diverse sugars such as rhamnose and ribose, and sulfur compounds like sulfate and taurine were upregulated in the midgut-colonizing symbionts. Moreover, pathways enabling the assimilation of insect nitrogen wastes, i.e. allantoin and urea, were also upregulated. The data further suggested that the midgut-colonizing symbionts produced all essential amino acids and B vitamins, some of which are scarce in the soybean food of the host insect. Together, these findings suggest that the Burkholderia symbiont is fed with specific nutrients and also recycles host metabolic wastes in the insect gut, and in return, the bacterial symbiont provides the host with essential nutrients limited in the insect food, contributing to the rapid growth and enhanced reproduction of the bean bug host.

关键词： 临床医学   微课   生理学   教学  

摘要： 生理学是一门逻辑性、实验性强的医学基础课程,学生普遍反映学习难度较大。微课是以教学视频为主要表现形式,围绕重点、难点内容进行的教学过程和相关教学资源的有机结合体。微课是生理学传统课堂教学模式的有效补充,应用微课辅助生理学教学,能吸引学生自主学习,提升学生的学习效率,同时还可促进教师教学能力的提高。

关键词： 大众   健身   运动生理学  

摘要： 运动生理学是辅助大众开展健身活动的学科之一。当前,随着人们生活质量水平的提高,生活中也越来越注重身体健康;因此,大众健身也逐渐兴起。基于互联网的发展,人们获取信息更加便捷,关于健身中致人突发死亡的事件不计其数,为此,运用运动生理学进行科学的身体锻炼十分重要。