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关键词： 人体解剖与组织胚胎学   微课   翻转课堂  

摘要： 目的探究基于微课的翻转课堂在人体解剖与组织胚胎学教学中的应用效果。方法选取该校2017级全日制护理大专生1班58名学生以及2班55名学生为研究对象,在人体解剖与组织胚胎学教学中1班采用传统的教学模式,并将其设为对照组,2班采用基于微课翻转课堂教学模式,设为研究组,比较两组的教学效果。结果研究组学生理论考试平均分(84.01±5.54)分、实验技能操作成绩(87.56±4.22)分,均较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。研究组学生对教学方法在提高学习兴趣、掌握知识点、提高学习效率、提高重难点理解能力、活跃课堂气氛方面的认可度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在人体解剖与组织胚胎学教学中实施基于微课翻转课堂教学模式能够使学生更好地掌握专业知识,并可提高学生的综合素质,改善教学质量,值得推广。

关键词： 中职   组织胚胎学   有效导入  

摘要： 中职组织胚胎学所涉及到的学习内容较为复杂,对于初中毕业的中职生来说,掌握这样的知识有一定的难度,因此,在所有课堂教学的过程中,新课的导入工作都是十分重要的环节,只有较好地完成导入,才能有效地激发学生学习的兴趣,保证教学效果。在开展教学的过程中,教师注意要找准知识的切入点,做好新课导入工作,保证教学活动可以良性进行。

关键词： hypoxia-inducible factor-1 cellular pathway   heat-shock proteins   hypoxia tolerance   temperature   developmental stressors  

摘要： Environmental stressors, such as warm temperatures and hypoxia, can interact and pose a threat to aquatic species. Cross talk between the hypoxia and heat stress cellular pathways can lead to enhanced cross tolerance between these environmental stressors. In this study, we questioned whether elevated temperatures (from 27 degrees to 32 degrees C) during rearing would enhance the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated transcriptional response to hypoxia (5% dissolved O-2) in early stages of zebrafish development and whether these differences would be associated with enhanced larval tolerance and survival to hypoxia. We found that embryos reared at 32 degrees C had an enhanced cellular HIF-1 response (elevated hif-1ab and insulin-like growth factor binding-protein mRNA level) and that acute hypoxia (4 h) activated the heat-shock response (elevated hsp70a and hsp90aa mRNA levels). Elevated rearing temperatures and hypoxia exposure also induced precocious hatching, but neither environmental stressor had an effect on the hypoxia tolerance (critical O-2 tension) of 4-d-old larvae and did not protect larvae against the lethal effects of a second acute hypoxia exposure. Overall, during early zebrafish development, cross talk between the hypoxia and heat stress cellular pathways at the gene expression level did not confer cross tolerance at the whole-animal level with respect to hypoxia stress.

关键词： 组织学与胚胎学   教学改革   “双一流”建设  

摘要： 学科建设是高等院校建设与发展的重要组成部分。组织学与胚胎学是一门重要的医学基础课程,围绕一流基础医学学科建设目标,以培养适应时代发展的高素质人才为导向,课程组对组织学与胚胎学课程的教学进行了系列改革。该课程组通过优化教学内容、建设优质教学资源、改革教学方法和建立多元化教学考核方式等措施,以增强学生的创新意识和自主学习能力,提高学生的学习兴趣,充分突出学生的主体地位,促进理论和实验教学长效发展。

关键词： AQP-1   hypoxia   iNOS   NFAT5   UTA-1  

摘要： We previously described the protective role of the nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) during hypoxia. Alternatively. inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is also induced by hypoxia. Some evidence indicates that NFAT5 is essential for the expression of iNOS in Toll-like receptor-stimulated macrophages and that iNOS inhibition increases NFAT5 expression in renal ischemia-reperfusion. Here we studied potential NFAT5 target genes stimulated by hypoxia in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. We used three types of MEF cells associated with NFAT5 gene: NFAT5 wild type (MEF-NFAT5(+/+)), NFAT5 knockout (MEF-NFAT5(-/-)), and NFAT5 dominant-negative (MEF-NFAT5(Delta/Delta)) cells. MEF cells were exposed to 21% or 1% O(2 )in a time course curve of 48 h. We found that, in MEF-NFAT5(+/+) cells exposed to 1% O-2 NFAT5 was upregulated and translocated into the nuclei, and its transactivation domain activity was induced, concomitant with iNOS, aquaporin 1 (AQP-1), and urea transporter 1 (UTA-1) upregulation. Interestingly, in MEFNFAT5(-/-) or MEF-NFAT5(Delta/Delta) cells. the basal levels of iNOS and AQP-1 expression were strongly downregulated, but not for UTA-1. The upregulation of AQP-1. UTA-1, and iNOS by hypoxia was blocked in both NFAT5-mutated cells. The iNOS induction by hypoxia was recovered in MEF-NFAT5(-/-) MEF cells, when recombinant NFAT5 protein expression was reconstituted, but not in MEF-NFAT5(Delta/Delta) cells, confirming the dominant-negative effect of MEF-NFATS(Delta/Delta) cells. We did not see the rescue effect on AQP-1 expression. This work provides novel and relevant information about the signaling pathway of NFAT5 during responses to oxygen depletion in mammalian cells and suggests that the expression of iNOS induced by hypoxia is dependent on NFAT5.

关键词： Nonylphenols   Developmental toxicity   Amphibian metamorphosis toxicity   Xenopus laevis   OECD TG231  

摘要： Nonylphenols (NPs) are a group of endocrine-disrupting surfactants that mimic estrogen. To determine the developmental toxicity and thyroid-disrupting effect of NPs, the effects of exposure to nonylphenol (NP), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), and nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP-12) were examined according to the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX) and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guidelines 231 (TG231). In FETAX, the LC50 values of NP, 4-NP, and NP-12 were 59.14 mg/L, 10.13 mg/L, and 14.60 mg/L, respectively. At 10.0 mg/L, NP, 4-NP, and NP-12 significantly decreased the total length of tadpoles, and NP and 4-NP increased gut malformation and bent tails. In surviving tadpoles, the EC50 values for malformation of NP, 4-NP, and NP-12 were 4.66, 6.51, and 13.08 mg/L, respectively. The teratogenic indices of NP, 4-NP, and NP-12 were 12.69, 1.56, and 1.08, respectively, suggesting the teratogenic potential of NP and 4-NP. In a range-finder assay for TG231, the 96-h LC50 values of NP, 4-NP, and NP-12 were 2.0, 2.0, and 10.57 mg/L, respectively. When NF stage 51 larvae were exposed for 21 days, larval growth was inhibited by NP, 4-NP, and NP-12 at 0.67, 0.07, and 0.37 mg/L, respectively. 4-NP at 0.07 mg/L accelerated the developmental stage and significantly increased hind limb length, while 0.67 mg/L 4-NP delayed the developmental stage and decreased hind limb length, suggesting a bimodal effect of 4-NP on metamorphosis. NP and NP-12 at test concentrations did not alter the larval stage, but NP-12 at 0.37 mg/L significantly decreased total length and tail length, suggesting growth inhibition in larvae. The total colloid area of thyroid follicles was significantly increased by 0.07 mg/L 4-NP but not by NP and NP-12, suggesting that 4-NP may interfere with thyroid function. Together, the developmental toxicity of NPs was in the following order: 4-NP, NP-12, and NP. 4-NP may alter metamorphosis driven by thyroid hormones in X. laevis.

关键词： Amphibians   Nanoceramics   Lethal effects   Sublethal effects   Microscopy  

摘要： Alumina nanoparticles (NP-Al2O3) are widely used but their environmental effects are unknown, so they can become potentially dangerous. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of a nanoceramic catalyst Ni/gamma-Al2O3 (NC) and NPs involved in their synthesis, gamma-Al2O3 support (SPC) and NiO/gamma-Al2O3 precursor (PC) on Rhinella arenarum embryo-larval development. The NPs toxicity significantly increased over time obtaining a similar sensitivity to PC and NC (336 h-LC50 = 4.03 and 5.11 mg/L respectively) and very low sensitivity to SPC (336 h-LC50 = 90.83 mg/L). Embryos exposed to SPC and PC exhibited general underdevelopment, axial flexures and behavioral alterations. Pharyngeal and intestinal epithelia alterations at the level of cell surface as dissociation, apoptosis and numerous lysosomes were observed at light and transmission electronic microscopy. Images of scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron detector revealed the presence of nickel in the intestinal epithelium. The increased toxicity of PC could be due to the presence of Ni as oxide which could interfere with vital functions such as breathing and feeding. Taking into account the exponential production and use of these NPs it is expected that their pollution levels will considerably increase and amphibians will be more exposed and at higher risk.

关键词： embryonic organizer   tail organizer   BMP   eve1   biomechanics   systems biology   morphogenesis   morphogen   cell migration   computational modeling  

摘要： Embryonic organizers establish gradients of diffusible signaling molecules to pattern the surrounding cells. Here, we elucidate an additional mechanism of embryonic organizers that is a secondary consequence of morphogen signaling. Using pharmacological and localized transgenic perturbations, 4D imaging of the zebrafish embryo, systematic analysis of cell motion, and computational modeling, we find that the vertebrate tail organizer orchestrates morphogenesis over distances beyond the range of morphogen signaling. The organizer regulates the rate and coherence of cell motion in the elongating embryo using mechanical information that is transmitted via relay between neighboring cells. This mechanism is similar to a pressure front in granular media and other jammed systems, but in the embryo the mechanical information emerges from self-propelled cell movement and not force transfer between cells. The propagation likely relies upon local biochemical signaling that affects cell contractility, cell adhesion, and/or cell polarity but is independent of transcription and translation.

关键词： 理论与实验整合授课   组织胚胎学   教学实践   应用价值  

摘要： 分析探讨在组织胚胎学教学实践中应用理论与实验整合授课方式对学生实践能力以及创新能力的影响。方法:选择本校临床医学专业的学生164例作为研究对象,选择同期学生162例作为对照组,观察组学生采取组织胚胎学与病理学实验整合的方式,进行教学模式的改革;对照组实施传统教学方式,对比两组学生考核成绩以及学生对教学模式应用效果的评价。结果:观察组学习成绩和对照组相比较明显较高,而且对改革后的教学模式充分认可,认可度为92.68%,对照组为83.95%,两组数据对比差异显著,P<0.05 。结论:在织胚胎学教学实践中应用理论与实验整合授课具有显著的临床应用价值,对提高学生成绩和学习兴趣具有积极影响,值得推广应用。

摘要： Embryonic development is orchestrated by robust and complex regulatory mechanisms acting at different scales of organization. In vivo studies are particularly challenging for mammals after implantation, owing to the small size and inaccessibility of the embryo. The generation of stem cell models of the embryo represents a powerful system with which to dissect this complexity. Control of geometry, modulation of the physical environment, and priming with chemical signals reveal the intrinsic capacity of embryonic stem cells to make patterns. Adding the stem cells for the extraembryonic lineages generates three-dimensional models that are more autonomous from the environment and recapitulate many features of the pre- and postimplantation mouse embryo, including gastrulation. Here, we review the principles of self-organization and how they set cells in motion to create an embryo.